church power in the middle ages
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Church Power in the Middle Ages. World History - Libertyville HS. Church Hierarchy. Church Authority. Struggle for authority with noblemen God created two swords, the pope and the king Reality: Pope, kings conflicted over POWER (land). “Age of Faith”. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Church Power in the Middle Ages
World History - Libertyville HS
Church Hierarchy
Pope
Cardinals / College of Cardinals
Bishops / Archbishops
Priests
Monks / Nuns
Church Authority
• Struggle for authority with noblemen– God created two
swords, the pope and the king
– Reality: Pope, kings conflicted over POWER (land)
“Age of Faith”
• Church is supreme authority in all matters religious
• ALL could achieve salvation
• Sacraments– Ways that the
church inserted itself into day to day events of life
Sacraments
• Baptism (birth of child)
• Confirmation (becoming adult in church’s eyes)
• Holy Orders (becoming a priest)
• Marriage vows (church affirmed marriage)
• Last rites (final blessing in life)
“Age of Faith”
• Village church was center of community life– Not just for Sundays– Only stone building
(fire safety)
Church Justice
• Canon Law– Legal system governing
sacred matters (noble vs. church = hear in church crt)
– Judges, etc all priests
• Excommunication– Officially kick someone
out of church– Pope used it to assert
authority over kings, nobles
– King / noble denied salvation AND ability to hold onto lands
Church Justice
• Interdiction– Sacraments denied
for lord and the people
– Major punishment– People who died
under interdiction didn’t go to heaven!
Holy Roman Empire
• What was it?– Creation of the church– Powerful symbol
linking past to present– Reflection of the power
of the Catholic church because the Pope crowned a king, emperor
• First HRE = Carolingian dynasty– Frankish settlers from
Rhine River Valley
Holy Roman Empire
• Important Kings of Carolingian Dynasty– Clovis (r/ 486-511 AD)
was the founder of the dynasty
– Charles “The Hammer” Martel (r. 719-741)• Great military leader
who defeated Muslims at Tours in 732 AD
• Pioneered use of heavy cavalry in Europe (the classic Knight)
Holy Roman Empire
• First HRE: Charlemagne (r. 768-814)– 6’4 when rest of Europe
averaged 5’8 (diet)– Great conqueror of
Europe• Controlled 2/3 of Italy, all
of France, some of Spain, all of Germany
– Financial basis of Charlemagne’s empire was trade• Franks, Muslims• Ironic, since Franks,
Muslims fought each other
Holy Roman Empire
• Charlemagne crowned Emperor by Pope on Christmas Day, 800– Attempted to protect
weak from the strong– Required bishops to
educate everyone with promise
– Sponsored the arts, literature
– When he died, his empire was quickly dismantled
– HRE title lay unclaimed for 40 years
HRE moves East• Otto the Great (r. 936-973)
crowned king of Germany, 936– Limited the powers of his
nobles– Invaded Italy for Pope– Rewarded with HRE title in
962– Otto demanded right of
“investiture• Power to appoint clergy• Put clergy under control of
Emperor!• Strengthened power of Emperor• Power to designate emperor
passed from Pope to Electors (nobles of Germany)