chuck marr horticulture kansas state university chuck marr horticulture kansas state university...
TRANSCRIPT
Chuck Marr
Horticulture
Kansas State University
Chuck Marr
Horticulture
Kansas State University
What’s New in Tomatoes
What’s New in Tomatoes
Don’t start too early in the season.
In Manhattan, 20% chance of a freeze April 30
10% chance of a freeze May 5
5% chance of a freeze May 9
Soil temperature should be a consistent 55o F
Below critical soil temperature, plant roots don’t develop and plants don’t absorb nutrients properly.
Plants may survive but don’t ‘thrive’
‘Modern’ tomato varieties
Semi-determinate (‘determinate’) vine Uniform ripening genetic trait Multiple disease resistance Meaty, firm fruit
Heat tolerant genetic trait (Hot Set) Long Shelf Life (LSL) genetic trait
What is important?
Produce lots of tomatoes Foliage cover but easy to spray Fairly large size and uniform Produce early but sustained Few culls (cracks, Blossom-End Rot, etc) Disease resistance Taste good
Advantages of Compact VineAdapted to raised bed culture
Short cages or ‘stake-weave’
More stable in wind
Use less water and fertilizer
Closer spacing-more plants per row
Yields comparable to large vined types
Uniform Ripening (UG Gene)
Fruit ripens uniformly- top to bottom and inside-outside. Uniformly ripe. No ‘green shoulder’ or waste when using.
Meaty Firm Fruit
Fruit holds into slices
Can be chopped or diced
Does not soften easily when stacked
Modern consumers prefer
Not irregular or rough like a ‘beefsteak’ type
Fusarium wilt in tomato. No known control. Persists for 8-12 years.
There are 2 strains or races F1 and F2. Need both resistance
(A new strain F3 has been discovered in the deep south)
Multiple Disease Resistance
Leaf blight (Early Blight and Septoria Leaf Spot) is a different story. There is some resistance available but hasn’t proven to be very effective in the field. Both are foliar fungus diseases-spores develop on leaves and don’t enter the roots of the plant.
Tomato Spotted Wilt (TSW) Virus
Stunted plants, purplish color. Mottled, marbled fruit
Spread by western flower thrips-primarily in greenhouse or transplants.
Bacterial Spot or Speck
Spots or specks on fruit, stem, and leaf. Usually a problem in cooler, wet conditions.
Copper fungicides- not as effective as blight control
Additional Disease Resistance
Fusarium 1 and 2 Fusarium 3 (a few varieties) Verticillium wilt (don’t have in KS) Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) Nematodes (a problem south of I-70) Tomato spotted wilt virus (some coming) Bacterial speck and spot (a problem north
of I-70)
V,F1,2,3 N, TMV, TSWV, ASC, Bacterial Speck/Spot)
‘Modern’ Tomato Varieties
Merced- sturdy vine, good quality Mt. Spring-second early, good quality Celebrity- oldest of the semi-determinates Carnival- slightly larger than Celebrity
Some that we’ve relied on for several years. Still useful to consider for their reliability and consistency over the years.
Semi-determinate, F1,2 resistance, reliable production
Blossom drop from excessive summer heat.
Daytime 95 F, Night 75 F
Excessive N; Hot, dry winds make problem worse
A genetic trait- usually referred to as the Hot Set or Heat Set gene allows tomatoes to set under heat conditions.
Many new varieties now are being developed with the Hot Set gene incorporated.
Sun Leaper and Sunmaster have done well. Several newer varieties coming along with this characteristic.
Long Shelf Life (LSL) Tomato
When a tomato reaches a full size, green stage, it starts to produce an internal gas – ethylene- which ‘drives’ the ripening process. Continuous ethylene production continues after the tomato is fully ripe- then it becomes soft, squishy, and begins to rot.
Have held tomatoes for up to 1 month after fully ripe and still edible. May not be useful to all growers but can improve shelf life of tomatoes if not sold quickly.
Yes, but how do they TASTE!!
21 varieties
55 ‘tasters’
Whole tomatoes, cut slices and taste samples
Appearance
Color
Meatiness
Acidity
Sweetness
Texture
Rated on a 1-10 scale. Varieties were named and names visible to tasters.
Tomato ‘Taste’ Study
Appearance 6.8-8.7 5-10
Color 6.8-8.7 5-10
Texture 6.7-8.3 4-10
Acidity 3.4-5.4 3-10
Sweetness 4.2-5.0 2-9
Texture 4.7-7.6 3-9
Factor Variety Range Taster’ Range
Good fruit size .52 lb
Mid season harvest
Good quality
F3 Fusarium resistance
Fruit size .50 lb
Good quality
Compact vine, F1,2 resistance, small ‘stylar scar’, sturdy vine
What’s ‘really new’- so new that we have only limited testing (1 year in several locations).
Very limited seed or not released yet.
Will be evaluating more in the next few years….. But have several advantages to consider when they may become more widely available
Heat set
Good size .57 lb
Mid season Now named “Red Pride”
High early yield
Fair size .54 lb
Low culls
Large .59 lb
TSWV and F3 resistance
Early-midseason
Good yield
LSL type
Good size .52 lb
Good yield
Seed increase this year
Early-midseason
Good size .53 lb
Highest yield in our trial
Early-midseason
Very large fruit .67 lb
Low culls
Bact S and TSWV resistance
Early-midseason
Very large size .68 lb
A little rough
More culls
Bacterial wilt, F 1,2, and TSWV resistance
Moderate early yields
Good size .56 lb
Bacterial S resistance
Some pointed fruit