chsp hungarian studies series
TRANSCRIPT
CHSPHUNGARIAN STUDIES SERIESNO. 22
EDITORSPeter PastorIvan Sanders
2011
Translated from the Hungarian byTHOMAS J. AND HELEN D. DEKORNFELD
Social Science Monographs, Boulder, ColoradoCenter for Hungarian Studies and Publications, Inc.Wayne, New Jersey
Distributed by Columbia University Press, New York
THE UNFINISHED PEACETHE COUNCIL OF FOREIGN
MINISTERS AND THE
HUNGARIAN PEACE TREATY OF 1947
Mihály Fülöp
EAST EUROPEAN MONOGRAPHSNO. DCCLII
Originally published as A befejezetlen béke. A Külügy-miniszterek Tanácsa és a magyar békeszerződés (1947)© 2008 Fülöp Mihály
© 2011 Mihály Fülöp© 2011 by the Center for Hungarian Studies and
Publications, Inc.47 Cecilia Drive, Wayne, New Jersey07470–4649E-mail: [email protected]
Library of Congress Control Number 2009939025ISBN 978–0–88033–649–9
Printed in the United States of America
CONTENTS
Introduction 1
I. Genesis of the Council of Foreign Ministers and the Potsdam Conference. Start of the Hungarian Preparations for the Peace 7
Genesis of the Council of Foreign Ministers (CFM) 9British, American, and Soviet Debates about the
Preparation of the Peace Treaties with the FormerEnemy Countries 15
The Potsdam Conference and the Establishment ofthe CFM 22
The Potsdam Conference and the Debate about the Beginning of the Peace Negotiations 25
Beginnings of the Hungarian Preparations for Peace, Summer 1945 32
The Great Powers and the Hungarian-Romanian Border Dispute 38
The Issue of the Expulsion of Hungarians from Czechoslovakia and of Germans from Hungary. Cession of Subcarpathia 49
II. First Sessions of the Council of Foreign Ministersin London and the Peace Treaty Plans of the GreatPowers with Hungary 61
Hungarian Peace Treaty Projects of the Great Powers 68The Transylvania Debate at the at the London Meeting
of the Council of Foreign Ministers 79The Diplomatic Recognition of Romania and Bulgaria.
Failure of the London Conference 85
Impact of the London Conference on Romania and Hungary 91
III. The Moscow Conference of the Ministers of Foreign Affairs and the Hungarian-Czechoslovak Negotiations in Prague 97
Reevaluation of the American Central and South- East European Policies 99
The Moscow Conference of Foreign Ministers 102The First Prague Negotiations and the Resettlement
of the Ethnic Germans from Hungary 105The Second Prague Negotiations and the So-Called
Population Exchange Agreement 113
IV. The London Conference of the Deputy Ministers of Foreign Affairs and the Transylvania Question 129
The Moscow Visit of the Hungarian GovernmentGovernment Delegation 129
The Deputy Ministers of Foreign Affairs Conference in London, January 18–April 20, 1946, and the First Joint Peace Treaty Drafts of the Great Powers 130
The Czechoslovak Memorandum of April 10, 1946, and the Foreign Office 140
Preparation of the Romanian Peace Treaty and the Memorandum of the Hungarian Ministry of Foreign Affairs on Territorial Questions 151
Change in the Position of the Great Powers on the Question of Transylvania’s Border 158
The Moscow Visit of the Hungarian Government Delegation and the Sebestyén Mission 167
V. The First Session of the Council of Foreign Ministersin Paris. The Washington, London, and Paris Visit of the Hungarian Government Delegation 179
The First Sessions of the Council of Foreign Ministers in Paris, April 25–May 16, 1946, and the Debate on the Hungarian Peace Treaty 180
vi CONTENTS
British-American Policy and Hungarian Peace Aims.Negotiations of Prime Minister Ferenc Nagy in Washington, London, and Paris 187
Second Session of the Council of Foreign Ministersin Paris, June 15–July 12, 1946, and the Peace Plans of the Great Powers for Hungary 207
VI. The Paris Conference and the Hungarian Peace Delegation 221
Procedural Debates at the Paris Conference and theAudience of the Representatives of the Former Enemy Countries 225
Audience of the Hungarian Peace Delegation and Its Statements about the Draft of the Hungarian Peace Treaty. Amendments Recommended by the Neighboring Countries 233
Conclusion of the Hungarian-Romanian Border Dispute and the Minority Codex 251
The Great Powers and the Hungarian-Czechoslovak Dispute 261
Debate on Economic and Military Regulations. Recommendations of the Paris Conference 293
VII. The New York Session of the Council of Foreign Ministers and the Hungarian Peace Treaty 307
Closing the Debate on the Hungarian Peace Treaty. Reparations and Withdrawal of the Soviet Troops 311
Postscript: The CFM and the Illusions of the Hungarian Preparations for Peace 324
Notes 335Bibliographic Essay 387Maps 407Name Index 413About the Author 421Book Published by CHSP 422
CONTENTS vii