chs day 1.docx

8/17/2019 CHS DAY 1.docx

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Hardware Servicing Training Course

Computer Fundamentals

What is Computer?

◦ An Electronic device that stores, retrieves, and processes data, and can be programmed withinstructions

◦ A Machine that does three things: Accepts input, processes it according to prescribed rules, andproduces the results as output.

◦

A computer is composed of Hardware and Software, and can exist in a variety of sies andcon!gurations.

Three Elements of Computer

Hardware

◦ "he #hysical e$uipment of a computer system, including the central processing unit, data%storagedevices, terminals and printers.

Software

◦&ritten coded commands that tell a computer what tas's to perform. (or example, &ord, #hotoShop,#icture Easy, and #hoto)eluxe are software programs.

◦ Peopleware

◦ *t refers to the computer user


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Two primary software categories

+perating System

◦ *t is responsible for controlling the allocation and usage of hardware resources such as memory, centralprocessing unit -#/ time, dis' space, and peripheral devices. *n general it runs the computer system.

Application Software

◦ *t is a computer programs designed to help people perform a certain type of wor'.

Operating System

An operating system +S/ is a software program that manages the hardware and software resources of a

computer.

"he +S performs basic tas's, such as:

controlling and allocating memory

prioritiing the processing of instructions

controlling input and output devices

facilitating networ'ing

managing !les.

Operating System

0inux

Mac+S

MS%)+S

1*2


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&indows 3.x

&indows 45

&indows 46

&indows ME

&indows 78889server

&indows 2#97883 server

&indows ista

&indows ;

asic Operation of Computer

*nput

◦ *nformation entered into a computer for processing, as from a 'eyboard or from !le stored on a dis'drive.

#rocess

◦ "o manipulate data with a program

+utput

◦ "he results of processing, whether sent to the screen or printer, stored on dis' as a !le, or sent toanother computer in a networ'.


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#arts of "he #ersonal -omputer

Scanner

External MODEM

CD ROM Drive

System Unit

Keyboard

Monitor

PC Fundamentals

Floppy Disk Drive

Mouse


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PC Fundamentals

PC External Sound Systems

Printe

r

!R

+ther #- peripherals


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Hardware Functions

System !nit

% "he case that houses the processor, motherboard, internal hard% and


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"other+oard Parts

Parts of the "other+oard

System Panel

Connector

AGP Slot

FDD Socket

IDE Socket

ATX Power

Connector

Expansion

slots

ROM Cip

Memory slots

CMOS !attery

"ort#ri$%e

So&t#ri$%e

cipset

Microprocessor

socket


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%O" chip

% "he chip or *- which contains and stores critical programs such as the program that boots the computer and>*+S.

(,P Slot

% Accelerated ?raphics #ort supports @.5

% Slot refers to a unit of space in a motherboard that supports A?# cards and it yields a throughput rate of 7M>ps.

E'pansion Slot #-* or *SA/

% A soc'et on the motherboard that accepts an expansion card.

B #-* C #eripheral -omponent *nterconnect is a high%speed connection for devices including modems, sound

cards, 0A1 cards etc. *t can run at cloc' speeds of 33 or MH. At 37 bits and 33 MH, it yields a throughput rate of @33 M>ps.

F## Connector-Soc$et

% A soc'et for (loppy )is' )rive cable connector or interface.

South+ridge

& is the chip that controls all of the computers *9+ functions, such as S>, audio, serial, the system >*+S, the*SA *ndustry Standard Architecture/ bus, the interrupt controller and the *)E *ntegrated )evice Electronics/channels. *n other words, all of the functions of a processor except memory, #-* and A?#. "hey do not normally comewith a heat sin'.

.orth+ridge

% A -hip that connects to a -# to memory, the #-* bus, 0evel 7 cache and A?# activities. "he 1orthbridgechips communicate with the -# through the (S>.

System Panel Connector

% "his connector accommodates several front panel functions


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a. System #ower 0E)

b. H)) Activity

c. A"2 #ower Switch

d. Deset Switch

*#E Connector Soc$et Intelligent Drive Electronics or Integrated Drive Electronics)

% A soc'et for *)E -able connector9interface

(T/ Power Connector Soc$et

% A soc'et for the A"2 #ower Supply -able -onnector

"icroprocessor Soc$et

% is the connector that interfaces between a computers motherboard and the processor itself. Most -#soc'ets and processors in use today are built around the pin grid array #?A/ architecture, in which the pins on theunderside of the processor are inserted into the soc'et, usually with ero insertion force F*(/ to aid installation.

P,( % A feature of a -# soc'et whereby the pins are aligned in uniform rows around the soc'et.

"emory Slots

% A space for place the memory modules

C"OS attery

% -M+S G -loc' >ac'up batteries perform the same function in des'top and laptop computers: when thecomputer is turned o, the battery maintains the time and date, thus insuring their accuracy when the system isonce again restarted. More importantly, the battery saves the computers >*+S setup con!guration, which allows thesystem to eIciently reboot once it is restarted.


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%ear Panel

'A" port(S! inter)ace

Firewire inter)ace

!l&e * line in

Pink * mic

'ime * line o&t

Parallel port

printer

Mo&se

port p+s ,

-ey#oar$

portCom port

Serial port


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The ac$ of the system unit

PC Rear Panel


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#ower input

◦ *t is where you plug the #-s electrical power cord.

Jeyboard port

◦ *t is where you plug only the 'eyboard

Mouse port

◦ *t is where you plug only the mouse

S> port

◦ niversal Serial >us S>/ ports are general%purpose connectors found on newer #-s.

Serial port

◦ "his 4%pin connector is one of the oldest and most universal ports found in #-.

#arallel port

◦ "he 75%pin parallel is intended for connecting printers.

ideo port

◦ "his uni$ue three%row, @5%pin connector is where the monitor connects to the system

Audio port

◦ "hese are used to connect spea'ers, microphones, and other audio devices

?ame port

◦ "his @5%pin connector can be used for Koystic'

Modem port

◦ *t enables your computer to communicate with other computers via a telephone line.


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1etwor' interface

◦ *t connects your #- to other #-s in a 0ocal Area 1etwor'

How PC wor$s?

*OS


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*OS


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% stands for >asic *nput9+utput System or >asic *ntegrated +perating System. >*+S refers to the software code run

by a computer when !rst powered on. "he primary function of >*+S is to prepare the machine so other software

programs stored on various media such as hard drives,


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Primary PC Hardware loc$ #iagram Components in the PC shown a+ove1

"other +oard PC components1

-#, Math -o%processor, StaticDAM cache, )ynamicDAM, ideo DAM, >*+S D+M, #-* >ridge

Peripherals1 Monitor, Jeyboard, Mouse, E*SA Hard )rive, (loppy )is', -) D+M, printer, scanner, S> drive

.orth+ridge & -onnects -# with )DAM, S%DAM cache, video DAM and Southbridge


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South+ridge & -onnects peripherals to the 1orthbridge chip

S%(" and #%("

Static DAM

◦ Static DAM can store only about one%fourth as much data as a dynamic DAM chip, but static DAM doesnot re$uire refreshing and is usually much faster than )ynamic DAM

)ynamic DAM

◦ )DAM store information in *- that contain capacitors. >ecause capacitors lose their charge over time,)DAM boards must include logic to Lrefresh recharge/ the )DAM continuously. &hile a )DAM is beingrefreshed, it cannot be read by the processorN if the processor must read the DAM while it is beingrefreshed, one or more wait states occur.

!SES

>us is a set of hardware lines Cwires% used for data transfer among the components of a computer system.

A bus is essentially a shared highway that connects dierent parts of the system C including the

microprocessor, dis'%drive controller, memory and input9output ports C and enables them to transferinformation.

◦ E*SA >us Extended *ndustry Standard Architecture/

◦ S-S*9*)E >us Small -omputer System *nterface/ 9 *ntegrated )evice Electronics/

◦

#-* >us #eripheral -omponent *nterconnect/

◦ S> >us niversal Serial >us/

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