chronic laryngitis
DESCRIPTION
Chronic laryngitis. Chronic laryngitis refers to an inflammatory process that determines irreversible alterations of the laryngeal mucosa Reactive and reparative processes of the larynx represent the main pathogenetic factor, which can persist even when the causative stimulus ends. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Chronic laryngitis
Chronic laryngitis refers to an inflammatory process that determines irreversible alterations of the laryngeal mucosa
Reactive and reparative processes of the larynx represent the main pathogenetic factor, which can persist even when the causative stimulus ends
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Non specific : No specific detectable cause
1. Chronic hyperemic2. Ch Hypertrophic3. Atrophic4. Pachydermia (contact granuloma /
contact ulcer ) Specific Chronic granulomatous
lesions e.g. Tuberculosis, Syphilis, Scleroma, leprosy, fungal infections & amyloidosis
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Chronic Hyperemic laryngitis Diffuse inflammatory condition
involving the whole larynx particularly true & False vocal cords
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Causes Recurrent acute laryngitis /
Incompletely resolved Ac laryngitis more than 3 weeks
Chronic infection in the vicinity sinusitis, tonsillitis, bad orodental hygiene , Ch Bronchitis
Occupational factors dust & Fumes
Smoking & Alcohol Voice abuse GERD
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Clinical Features
Males affected more than females Hoarseness of voice Fatigue of voice Hawking & irritation larynx Dry irritating cough Laryngoscopy Hyperemia ,
Vocal cords appear dull & edges are rounded, Viscid secretions on VC / interarytnoid region
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Treatment
Eliminate The cause infection / irritating factors
Complete voice rest / Observe proper vocal hygiene
Medicated steam inhalation ? Expectorants
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Chronic hypertrophic laryngitis Advanced stage of hyperemic
laryngitis Cellular infiltrate in the submucosa Epithelium may undergo
hyperplasia / metaplasia May be generalized involvement False VC (ventricular bands)
“Dysphonia plica ventricularis” True vocal cords Rinke’s Edema
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Causes As for hyperemic chronic laryngitis
Laryngoscopy Laryngeal mucosa is thickened & dusky red in colour
Vocal cords red & swollen, Edges loose sharp demarcation
In Dysphonia plica venticularis false vocal cords swollen, may cover true VCs
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Treatment
Conservative Surgical Stripping of
edematous mucosa with micro-scissor
Ablation with LASER One side done at a time to
prevent Web
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Atrophic laryngitis
Common in women Associated with Atrophic Rhinitis Laryngitis Sicca Exact cause not known
Hormonal disturbance, Dietary deficiency, Autoimmune disorder
Bacillus ozaenae secondary infection
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Clinical features
Hoarseness Dry irritating cough Dyspnoea due to crusts Laryngoscopy Laryngeal
mucosa is dry & atrophic Covered with foul smelling crusts
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Treatment
Primary condition Atrophic rhinitis
Steam inhalation 25% glucose in glycerin sprays Expectorants containing Iodides
to loosen the crusts
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Tuberculous laryngitis Secondary to Pulmonary
tuberculosis Common in adult males Brochogenic / hematogenous route Bronchogenic route affects
posterior larynx --- Interarytnoid region, submucosal tubercles & granuloma
Hematogenous Multiple painful ulcers in larynx & pharynx
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Clinical features
Hoarseness Painful ulcers / referred otalgia Odynophagia Laryngoscopy Pale
granulations in the interarytnoid region
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Ulcers of vocal cords mouse eaten appearance
Swelling of false VCs & Aryepiglottic folds
1. X-Ray chest2. Sputum for AFB3. Biopsy Treatment : As for pulmonary
tuberculosis
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Vocal Nodules
Singer‘ nodules Common in voice misusers
Teachers, singers, preachers & Vendors
Vocal trauma submucosal hemorrhage fibrosis & hyalinization
At the junction of anterior 1/3 7 posterior 2/3 ( subject to maximum trauma )
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Clinical features
H/o misuse of voice Hoarseness Vocal fatigue Laryngoscopy Symmetrical
nodular pinkish or grey masses at junction of ant 1/3 & post 2/3 of true vocal cords
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treatment
Conservative1. Avoid misuse of voice2. Speech therapy / proper use of
voice No shouting / No whisper
3. ? May change the profession Surgical Microlaryngoscopy &
LASER