chronic diseases: definition
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Chronic diseases:definition
Chronic diseases are diseases of long duration and generally slow progression. Chronic diseases, such as heart disease, stroke, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes, are by far the leading cause of mortality in the world, representing 63% of all deaths.
Africa's chronic disease burden
Burdenof chronic diseasesWhat• cardiovascular disease• cancer• respiratory disease• diabetes
Why• increased life expectancy• changing lifestyle
practices• poverty• urbanization• globalization
Response to acute communicable diseases and diseases of environmental degradation & pollution
• hospitals & clinics lack basic equipment for effective diagnosis and treatment
• few health workers have specialist chronic disease training
• chronic disease knowledge among health workers is poor
Medical dimensions of chronic disease in Africa
Psychological dimensions of chronic disease in Africa
• depression
• 'chronic unhappiness‘
• spiritual distress
• 'psychiatric disturbance‘ [pattern of
psychological or behavioral symptoms
that causes an individual significant
distress, impairs their ability to function
in life, and/or significantly increases
their risk of death, pain, disability, or
loss of freedom]
• 'suicidal ideation‘ [thoughts about
suicide]
healer shopping
Stigma
burden of care of the chronically ill is carried by patients' families, households and communities
National and international dimensions of fighting chronic disease
Barriers
• lack of political will
• weak culture of knowledge transfer