christianity & the roman empire
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Christianity & the Roman Empire. Powerpoint presentation created by Robert L. Martinez Primary Content Source: Prentice Hall World History Images as cited. historybooksreview.blogspot.com. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Christianity & the Roman Empire
Powerpoint presentation created by Robert L. MartinezPrimary Content Source: Prentice Hall World HistoryImages as cited. historybooksreview.blogspot.com
Within the culturally diverse Roman empire, a variety of religious beliefs
and practices coexisted. Jupiter, Mars, Juno, and other traditional
Roman gods remained important to some people.
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A growing number of people were looking for other spiritual
fulfillment. One of the most popular of these was the cult of Isis, which
originated in Egypt and offered women equal status with men.
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Others worshipped the Persian and Mithras, who championed good over evil and offered life
after death. Mithraism was favored by Roman soldiers.
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Generally, Rome tolerated the varied religious traditions. As long,
as citizens showed loyalty by honoring Roman gods and
acknowledging the emperor, they were allowed to worship other
gods.
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Because most people at the time were polytheistic, they were
content to worship the Roman gods along with their own.
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By 63 B.C.E., the Romans had conquered Judea. Jews were devoted to their
monotheistic traditions. To avoid violating the Jewish belief in one god, the Romans excused Jews from worshipping Roman
gods.
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Some Jews believed that a messiah sent by God, would
soon appear to lead the Jewish people to freedom.
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In A.D. 66, discontent flared into rebellion. Roman forces crushed the rebels, captured Jerusalem, and destroyed the
Jewish temple.
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When revolts broke out again in the next century, Roman armies leveled
Jerusalem. Thousands of Jews were killed in the fighting and many others
were enslaved and transported to various parts of the Roman empire.
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Due to the destruction, growing numbers of Jews decided to leave
Judea. Jews would survive in scattered communities around the
Mediterranean.
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Over the centuries, Jewish rabbis preserved the religious laws, as set forth in the Talmud. Commitment
to learning Jewish law and traditions enabled the Jewish
religion to endure.
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As turmoil engulfed the Jews in Palestine, a new religion,
Christianity rose among them. Its founder was a Jew named Jesus.
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Almost all that we know about the life of Jesus comes from
the Gospel, the first four books of the New Testament of
the Bible.
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According to the Gospels, Jesus followed Jewish law, and at age 30
began preaching to villagers near the Sea of Galilee. To help him with his
mission, he recruited twelve apostles.
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Large crowds gathered to hear Jesus’ teachings, especially when word spread
that he had performed miracles of healing. Jesus used parables, or short stories with simple moral lessons, to
communicate his ideas.
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After three years, he and his disciples, went to Jerusalem. Jesus believed in
one God and accepted the Ten Commandments. He preached
obedience to the laws of Moses and defended the teachings of the Jewish
prophets.
Jesus claimed to be the Son of God. Many people believed he was the messiah
whose appearance Jews had long predicted. Jesus proclaimed that his
mission was to bring spiritual salvation and eternal life to anyone who would
believe in him.
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Some Jews welcomed Jesus to Jerusalem. Others regarded his ideas dangerous. Jewish priests felt that he challenged
their leadership. To the Roman authorities, Jesus was a revolutionary who might lead the Jews in a rebellion
against the empire.
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Arrested by the Romans, he was tried and condemned to be crucified. In
crucifixion, a Roman method of execution, a person was nailed to or
hung on a cross and left to die.
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Rumors spread through Jerusalem that Jesus still lived. His followers, the
Gospels say, saw and talked with Jesus, who had risen from the dead. They say Jesus commanded them to spread his teachings, and that he then ascended
into heaven.
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Following Jesus’ death, the apostles spread Jesus’ message and helped
establish Christian communities. Jews that accepted the teachings of the
messiah became the first Christians. For a time, Christianity remained a sect
within Judaism.
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Roman officials suspected Christians of disloyalty to Rome
because they refused to honor the emperor or Roman gods.
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In times of trouble, persecution of Christians increased. Roman
rulers like Nero used Christians as scapegoats, blaming them for
social and economic woes.
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The persecutions of Christians ended in 313 C.E., when the emperor Constantine
issued the Edict of Milan. It granted freedom of worship to all citizens of the
Roman empire. 80 years later, Christianity would become the official
religion of the Roman empire.
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