CONGENITAL HEART

DEFECTSChrissy Russell

Liz McIe

WHAT IS IT? A defect in the structure of the heart

and great vessels which is present at birth.

Abnormal heart development

HOW THE HEART WORKS Distributes blood throughout the body Four chambers Top two; left and right atria. Bottom two; left and right ventricles. Blood vessels lead out of these chambers. “Oxygenated blood from the lungs flows

into your heart and is then pumped out to the rest of your body. Once the blood has delivered the oxygen to the tissues of the body, it returns to your heart and gets pumped back out to the lungs where it will be re-oxygenated.”

TYPES OF CHD Dextrocardia Ebstein’s Anomaly Holt- Oram

Syndrome Endocardial

Fibroelastosis DiGeorge

Syndrome Coronary Artery

Anomaly

Long QT Syndrome Marfan Syndrome Mitral Valve

Prolapse Noonan Syndrome Pulmonary Atresia Pulmonary Stenosis Williams Syndrome Truncus Arteriosis

OTHER NAMES Artherosclerosis Coronary Heart Disease Hardening of the arteries Heart disease Ischemic Heart Disease Narrowing of the arteries

CAUSE Usually occurs without any cause 7-8 cases a year per 1000 live births Rubella infection- Can cause syndrome

of deafness, heart defects, cataracts, and microcephaly.

Thalidomide ingestion- A drug for morning sickness. Can cause major limb defects and heart birth defects.

Lithium Therapy- Can cause fetal tricuspid valve anomalies if taken during pregnancy.

CONTINUED… Hypoxia Deficiency or excess of several vitamins Drugs of various categones Ionizing radiation

SIGNS & SYMPTOMS Chest discomfort Shortness of breath Indigestion Heartburn Nausea and vomiting Cold sweats Irregular heartbeats Fatigue Trouble sleeping

DIAGNOSIS Many different tests can be taken to diagnose: Coronary angiography/arteriography -- an invasive test

that evaluates the heart arteries under x-ray CT angiography -- a noninvasive way to perform coronary

angiography Echocardiogram Electrocardiogram (ECG) Electron-beam computed tomography (EBCT) to look for

calcium in the lining of the arteries -- the more calcium, the higher your chance for CHD

Exercise stress test Heart CT scan Magnetic resonance angiography Nuclear stress test

TREATMENTS A lot of CHD are treated by medications It depends on how severe the heart

defect is for what treatment is needed. Maintain healthy weight and watch what

you eat. Go to the doctor regularly

RESOURCES http://www.capitalcardiology.com/heartw

ork.htm http://www.congenitalheartdefects.com/

typesofCHD.html http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-t

opics/topics/cad/names.html http://www.ehow.com/about_5130526_si

gns-symptoms-coronary-heart-disease.html

http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/coronary-heart-disease/overview.html