B Y L U C A S B . H Y M A N , P . E . , L E E D A P

P R E S I D E N T G E I C O R O N A , C A L I F O R N I A

A S H R A E T C 1 . 1 0 M E M B E R

CHP in the “Building of 2030”

Presentation Outline

2

Defining the Goals of the 2030 Building

Benefits of CHP

Applications of CHP

Basics of CHP

System schematics

CHP Components

General CHP System Sizing

Types of Fuel

Emissions

Cost Management

Secure Energy in the “Building of 2030”

References

Defining the Goal of the 2030 Building

Net zero energy by the year 2030

No net fossil fuel emissions by 2030

New and renovated buildings can reduce energy use up to approximately 50% to 60% through energy conservation measures (ECM’s) Remaining energy from PV,

wind, and CHP 3

Benefits of CHP

4

Lower energy costs

Improved reliability

Increased efficiency

“Free” waste heat

Reduced overall CO2 emissions

Reduced overall pollution

Sustainable

Source: HRSGDesign.com

How Can CHP Save Energy Costs

5

Reduced electricity purchases

Lower peak demand costs

Heat recovery

Increased thermodynamic efficiency

Reduced total fuel consumption

Conventional Utility Power Generation and Local Boiler Heat versus CHP

6 Source: Sustainable On-Site CHP Systems, Meckler and Hyman

CHP Increasing Efficiency in the “Building of 2030”

7

Efficiency of central plant over course of a year Electrical+ heating (E+H) Electrical +cooling (E+C)

Applications for CHP

8

District energy systems

Universities and colleges

Hospitals

Municipal centers

Commercial campuses

Large commercial buildings

Data centers

Jails and prisons

Oil refineries

Wastewater treatment plants

Pharmaceutical industries

Industries requiring heating processes

Residential systems

Basics of CHP

9

Combined heat and power (CHP)

Cogeneration

Trigeneration

Topping cycle

Bottoming cycle

CHP is simultaneous production of heat and generation of power from a single fuel source

Building CHP Plant Schematic

10

Source: Sustainable On-Site CHP Systems, Meckler and Hyman

CHP System Schematic Design

11

Source: Sustainable On-Site CHP Systems, Meckler and Hyman

CHP Prime Movers

12

Internal combustion engines

Combustion turbine generators

Microturbines

Fuel cells

Stirling engines

General CHP System Sizing

13

Size to meet the following:

A portion of the facilities peak electric load (peaking plant)

The facilities base electric load

The facilities total peak electric load

A portion of the facilities thermal load

The facilities base thermal load (best choice typically)

The facilities peak thermal load

Types of Fuel for CHP

14

Natural gas

Biogas

Biodiesel

Biomass

Hydrogen gas

15

UC Irvine

Waste Heat Recovery Uses

16

Space heating

Domestic hot water

Pool heating

Process heating

Product drying

Space cooling

Dehumidification

Source: victoryenergy.com

CHP Emissions

17

Water vapor

CO2, CO, NOx, SOx, particulate matter (PM)

Emission control technologies

SCR

3-way catalyst

Steam

STG Electricity

Absorption chiller

CHW Thermal storage

Heat exchanger

HW

Building CHP Load Management

18

CHP hybrid plant provides multiple options to meet facility loads in the most cost effective manner at the time

Electricity

Electric chiller

CHW

Electricity

CHP Cost Management

19

Operate the most cost effective equipment at the proper time

Minimize engine heat rate

Maximize CHP plant efficiencies

Minimize parasitic plant power consumption

Minimize all losses Maximize net revenue

CHP Operating Costs

20

Reduction in electrical purchase

CHP fuel used more efficiently (higher KW/$)

CHP Strategy

Capturing waste heat replaces need for heat production

Peak/demand charges minimized from electrical production

Excess CHP Production

21

Use thermal storage to store excess power Chilled water Ice

Sell or “wheel” excess power

Use excess thermal to: Produce more power in a

Steam generator Produce cooling in an

absorption/centrifugal chiller Store directly in thermal

storage system

Secure Energy in the “Building of 2030”

22

Reliable production of power, CHW, steam and HW

Severe affects of power outages Mission critical/surgical Data center

Source: SSAE 16 Data Center

Source: UCLA

References

23

“Sustainable On-Site CHP Systems” Meckler and Hyman

2013 ASHRAE Handbook; Air Conditioning and Heating Systems. Chapter 7: Combined heating and Power Systems

ASHRAE Cogeneration Design guide

QUESTIONS?

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CHP in the “Building of 2030”