Choosing the PresidentChapter 10

The Ideal President• Draw a caricature of the IDEAL PRESIDENT and

label the qualifications they think are most necessary to make an effective president– Use a 8 x 10 piece of paper– Draw a caricature– Label the qualifications

The Presidential Qualifications and Leadership

Lesson 1

Duties of the President• Presidents have enormous power and

responsibility in government• Presidents make sure the national laws are fully

executed (this is the most important duty of the president); serve as commander in chief of the armed forces; appoint top officials, federal judges, and ambassadors; and meet with heads of foreign government

Presidential Qualifications according to the Constitution

A. Qualifications for running for office of the President (as listed in the Constitution)

• Natural born citizen• 35 years of age• Resident of the United States for 14 years

FDR

Informal Requirements• Governmental Experience• Successful presidential candidates usually hold

moderate political beliefs• Most presidents have shared similar

backgrounds – ethnic, economic, racial and gender

• Candidates for office must have access to sources for raising large amounts of money in the presidential election campaign

Leadership Skills• Understand the American public (Ex. FDR defeated

Hoover in the 1932 election by a landslide)• Ability to Communicate (FDR – Fireside chats)– Watch video on Pres. Clinton

• Sense of Timing – know when to introduce new policy

• Ability to Compromise • Political Courage – sometimes presidents need to

go against public opinion or their political party (ex. Bill Clinton – Welfare reform)

Presidential Salary, the Vice President, and SuccessionLesson 2

President’s Term and Salary

• The Twenty-Second Amendment limited presidents to two terms

- A term is equal to 4 years- Vice presidents who take over the

presidency and serve two years or less of the former president’s term may serve 2 additional terms but ,may not serve more than 10 years

• Congress determines the president’s salary or compensation ($400,000 beginning in 2001); in addition, many benefits are provided for the president while in office and in retirement.– Examples: travel allowance of up to $100,000, Air

Force One, helicopters, limousines, free medical, dental, and health care, live in the White House, domestic staff, ect…

What do you consider the most important qualification for office of

president?

The Role of the Vice President(salary $227,300)

Constitutional Responsibilities1. Takes over the presidency in case of presidential death, disability, impeachment, or resignation2. Presides over the Senate and votes if there is a tie3. Under the 25th Amendment the vice president helps decide whether president is unable to carry out his duties and acts as president if this should happen

Modern Responsibilities

• Greater access to the president• Participate in policy making• Involved in foreign policy• Part of the National Security Council• Take part in policy deliberation

Watch video

Presidential Succession• The Twenty-fifth Amendment established the

order of succession to the presidency and spelled out what happens when the vice presidency is vacant

• The Twenty- fifth Amendment also set forth rules to be followed if a president becomes disabled.

Discuss pic pg 301video

Presidential Succession Chart• Vice President • Speaker of the House • President pro tempore of the Senate • Secretary of State • Secretary of Treasury • Secretary of Defense • Attorney General • Secretary of the Interior • Secretary of Agriculture • Secretary of Commerce • Secretary of Labor • Secretary of Health and Human Services • Secretary of Housing and Urban Development • Secretary of Transportation • Secretary of Energy • Secretary of Education • Secretary of Veterans Affairs • Secretary of Homeland Security

President and Vice President – Lessons 1 & 21 What is the most important duty of the President? 2. Four years is a presidential _________________.3. Define the 22nd and the 25th Amendments4. define Compensation5. List the presidential benefits that the President gets beyond

his salary.6. List expenses the government does not pay.7. What benefits will the President receive when he retires?8. List the qualifications for president.9. Using the chart on page 300 – Who would be next in line

for the presidency after the President Pro Tempore of the senate?

10.Give two conditions in which a Vice President can take over if the President becomes disabled.

11.What are the two duties of the Vice President

Electing the PresidentLesson 3

The Original System

• Article II, Section 1, of the Constitution provided that the candidate receiving the majority of the electoral votes become the president

• The candidate with the second-highest number of votes become vice president

What political problem could result from the vice president being the person with the second-highest

electoral vote?

The Impact of Political Parties

• The election of 1800 was decided by the House of Representatives

• To prevent a tie vote for president in the Electoral College, the Twelfth Amendment, added to the Constitution in 1804, provided that electors must cast separate ballots for president and vice president

The Electoral College System Today

• The president and vice president is elected through the Electoral College

• Winner-take-all system (except Maine and Nebraska)

• Electoral College cast their votes in December• Electors – a member of a political party

chosen in each state to formally elect the president and vice president

Preparing to Run for President

• For a political actin committee (PAC) • Register with the Federal Election Commission

(FEC)

Primaries, Caucuses, and National Party Conventions

First – convince members of their own political party to choose them as their presidential candidate – this is done through a series of primaries or caucusesSecond – political parties host conventions – a meeting where political party members who have been chosen as delegates from each state vote for the candidate supported by their state – nominations are based on the primaries

General Election

• After securing the nomination – candidates will spend vast amounts of money campaigning for the Presidency

• Americans will vote in November• Electors will vote in December

Electoral College Issues

• Is the Winner-take-all system fair?• It is possible for a candidate who loses the total

popular vote to win the electoral vote• A third-party candidate could win enough

electoral votes to prevent either major party candidate from receiving a majority

• When the house of representatives must decide a presidential election, it may face several serious problems see page 306

• Critics of the electoral system have offered suggestions to improve it

• Other critics believe the Electoral College should be replaced with direct election of the president and vice president

Do you agree or disagree with critics who argue that the Electoral

College system should be abolished? Explain

Inauguration

• January 20th, at noon, the new president is sworn into office

• Inaugural Address

Presidential Oath of Office:

I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States."

Electing the PresidentLesson 3

Complete Electoral College Activity and turn in for a grade

Define the key terms and answer questions # 1, 3, 4, & 5 on page 308

Structure and Functions of the Executive Branch

Chapter 11

The Cabinet and the Executive office of the Executive Branch

chapter 11

The Cabinet and the Executive Office of the President

Lesson 1

Cabinet – advisors to the President (Current Salary $199,700)

Major Factors in Making Appointments:-Experience in a Particular Policy Area-Administrative and Supervisory Experience-Support for the President’s Goals and plans-Support from various Groups that Hold

political power-Demographic diversity

The first female cabinet member:Frances Perkins – Secretary of Labor

The Senate holds confirmation hearings on the president’s nominees for cabinet post.

The Senate must approve of the nominee before he/she can take that position

Role of the Cabinet

• Heads of the executive departments• The role of the cabinet is determined by the

President• Modern presidents have turned to their White

House staff and close friends for advise instead of using the cabinet

• The “inner cabinet” consist of the secretary of state, defense, treasury, and the attorney general

John Kerry

Ashton carter

Jack Lew

Loretta Lynch

Factors Limiting the Cabinet’s Role• The President does not command the full

loyalty of cabinet members, even though he appoints them

• Cabinet members are pressures by career officials in their departments, interest groups, and members of congress. This pressure may result in disagreements with in the cabinet over the president’s policies and plans

• With 14 members, it is difficult to maintain secrecy in matters the president considers sensitive

• The president may not know and trust all members of the cabinet because the president must weigh so many factors in appointing them

Executive Office Agencies

• Executive Office of the President (EOP) was created in 1939 by Congress

EOP has grown rapidly for three reasons:

• Presidents keep adding new agencies• Presidents want experts nearby to advise them

about complex issues• Federal programs sometimes require special

staff to coordinate the efforts of several executive departments and other agencies working together

The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) is the largest agency in the EOP

-it prepares the national budget that the president submits to Congress each year.

-The National Security Council helps coordinate the nation’s military and foreign policy.

-The Council of Economic Advisers help the president formulate the nation’s economic policy

-Presidents add and sometimes eliminate agencies to the EOP to help carry out policy(look at graph on page 322

The White House OfficeA.The president appoints White House staff

without Senate confirmation

B. The White House Office has become the most important part of the Executive Office of the President

C. The White House staff perform whatever duties the president assigns them

- Gathering information and providing advice on key issues

- Ensuring the executive departments and agencies carry out key directives from the president

- Presenting the president’s views to the outside world

- Deciding who and what information gets through to the president

Two of the most important White House staff

Members are:

1. White House chief of Staff – The president’s most trusted adviser and the overseer of the work and operations of the White House and the Executive office of the President (EOP)

2. Press Secretary – one of the president’s top assistants who is in charge of media relations

Denis McDonough – White house chief of staff

Josh Earnest – Press Secretary

Executive Privilege

• Executive privilege – the right of the president and other high ranking executive officers to refuse to testify before Congress or a court

• Why? Presidents do not want information getting out to the public while still deciding on policies.

• When challenged in court – the court said that presidents have some right to executive privilege, but it is not absolute

Executive orders – Rules that have the force of a law

Executive Agreement – a formal agreement between the government of two or more countries

Presidents can also issue:

Cabinet Departments and Independent Agencies

Lesson 2

Cabinet Departments• Secretary of State• Secretary of Treasury• Secretary of Interior• Secretary of Agriculture• Secretary of Justice• Secretary of Commerce• Secretary of Labor• Secretary of Defense• Secretary of Health and

Human Services

• Secretary of Housing and Urban Development

• Secretary of Transportation• Secretary of Energy• Secretary of Education• Secretary of Veterans

Affairs• Secretary of Homeland

Security

Independent Agencies

o National Aeronautics and Space Exploration (NASA)o Low-Density Supersonic Decelerator (LDSD)o General Service Administration (GSA)o Central Intelligence agency (CIA)

Government Corporations

o Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)o The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

(FDIC)o AMTRACKo United Postal Service (USPS)

Regulatory Commissions

o Federal Communication Commissions(FCC)o Nuclear Regulatory Commissions(NRC)o Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)o Federal Trade Commission (FTC)o Federal Election Commission (FEC)

Ch. 11, Lesson 1 & 2

• Define Lesson 1 key terms• Lesson 1 – pg. 323 – answer questions 1, 3, &

4• Lesson 2 – pg. 331 – answer questions 1 & 4