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IF

Types Reference Time

Type 1

Type 2

T e 3

Real, probable

Unreal, improbable

Unreal im robable

Present & Future

Present & Future

Past

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Punctuation

If I were you , I would thinkmore carefully.

I would think more carefully if I

were you

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Type 1

IfPresent SimplePresent Continuous

Present Perfect

willcan, might, may

must, should, ought to

,

EX: ', .

If we're expectingvisitors, the flat will need a

good clean.

If you've finishedwith the computer, I'll put itaway.

If you haven't got a television, youcan'twatch

it, can you? ST

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Uses of type 1

a requestIf you'll just wait a moment, I'll find someone tohelp you. (Please wait a moment...)

offers and suggestions

If ou need a ticket I can et ou one.

If you feel like seeing the sights, we can take abus tour.

warnings and threatsIf you go on like this, you'll make yourself ill.

If you don't apologize, I'll never speak to you

again.

ST

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Automatic, habitual results (universal truth)If youheatwater, itboils. (Zero Conditionals)

If Danielhas any money, he spends it.

possibility

Uses of type 1

e og ge s c er, e p ane may m g e

diverted.

permission, abilityIf you finish your assignment, you may go

home.

If it stops snowing, we can go out.

ST

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Command, request, adviceIf you want to lose weight, you

must/should/had bettereat less bread.

If you want to lose weight, eat less bread.

Uses of type 1

Indicate present action, a future

arrangement

If you are waiting for a bus, youd betterjointhe queue.

ST

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Type 2

IfPast Simple (were)

Past Continuous (were)

would

could, might,

EX:

Ifwe didn't have a car, we 'dfind it difficult toget about.

If Rachelwere playingher stereo, it wouldn't

be so quiet in here.If Iwere you, I'd ask a lawyer for some advice.

If Rachel worked harder, she mightdo even

better at her studies.ST

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Uses of type 2

The supposition is contrary to known facts

If I lived near my office, Id be in time for work.

(But I dont live near my office)

Not expect the action in IF-clause to take

If a burglar came into my room at night, Id

scream. (But I dont expect a burglar to

come in)

If I dyed my hair blue, everyone would laugh at

me. (But I dont intend to dye it)ST

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Certain result, possible result, ability

If you tried again, you would/might/could

suceed.

Continous meaning

Uses of type 2

,

Italy.

If we were going by boat, Id feel much

happier.

If he were to resign = But he didnt intend to

If he resigned = But he didnt resignST

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Type 3

If Past Perfectwould have V3could have V3 (ability, permission)

might have V3 (possibility)

,

EX:' ',

weather.

ST

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Uses of type 3

criticizing people or pointing out their mistakes.If you'd been a bit more careful, you wouldn't

have cut yourself.

express regret about the past.

If I hadn't fallen ill and missed the interview, Imight have got the job.

Continous

If Tom had not been there, I would have beensitting in front.

If I hadnt been wearing a seat belt, Id have beenseriously injured.

ST

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Mixed types (2 and 3)

If youhad plannedthings at the start, wewouldn'tbe in this mess now.

If Matthewwas/were more sensible, he

would have worn a suit to the interview. n ave a s wor o o, wou

have gone out for the day.

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Other conditional sentences

If youringthis number, no one answers. If youneedany help, justask.

If it's going to rain, I'd bettertake an

umbrella. If they try to cut down the trees, there's

going to be a big protest.

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Inversion

Type 1:

Shouldyou ever go to Vietnam, visit Ba

Dinh Square. (slight possibility)

Type 2:

, .

Type 3:

Hadyouarrivedearlier, youwould have metmy grandmother.

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Notes The difference between first and second

conditional sentences can depend on theattitude of the speaker. The future situationmight have a high possibility of happening(first conditional) or a low possibility (second

conditional).If she falls, she'll land in the safety net.

(This means that there is a real possibility that

she will fall.)If she fell she would land in the safety net.

(I am commenting on an imaginary situation,and I do not think she is likely to fall.)

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Mightand couldare common in conditional

sentences when we are uncertain about

our predictions.

If ou leave now oumi ht catch the train.

Notes

If you asked him nicely, he mightagree.

If you'd continued driving in that way, you

couldhave hitanother car.

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If when

Ifyou hear any news,

can you ring me

immediately?

When you hear some

news, can you ring

me immediately?

some news.)

news.)

Ifyou run, you useup energy.

When you run,you use up energy.

Truth, every time Truth, every time

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Ifnot Unless

I can't see ifI don't

wear glasses.

I can't see unless

I wear glasses.

Ifyoucan'tpay your Unless you can paybills, you'll have

to leave.

your bills, you'll have

to leave.

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If In case

I'll bring in the

washingifit rains.

I'll bring in the washing

in case it rains.

(= I'll bring it in at

the time it starts

(= I'll bring it in now

because it might rain.later.)

- A condition

- Dependent meaning- 2 positions

- If there is a/an + N

- A reason

- independent meaning- placed after main

clause

- In case of + N

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Related forms

Even if = even though

You must go tomorrow even ifyou arent

ready.

Whether or = if or

ready ornot.

But for = If it were not for/If it hadnt beenfor

My father pays my fees. But forthat I

wouldnt be here.

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Otherwise = If this doesnt happen/didnt

happen/hadnt happened

We must be back before midnight; otherwise

well be locked out

=

Related forms

,

locked out.

Or (else) = otherwise

We must be earlyor (else) we wont get a

seat.

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Provided (that) = if (given permission)

You can camp hereprovidedyou leave no

mess.

Suppose/supposing ? = if ?

Related forms

,

do ? = What would you do ifthe plane were

late?

Imagine = if?

Imagine you were rich. Howwouldyou feel?

= How would you feelifyou were rich?

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It's (high) time I/you/we + Past tense

Sorry, butit's (high) time we wenthome.

= If we went home, it would be better.

I'd rather I/you/we + past tense

Related forms

ra er you n e o n a ou s.

= If you didn't tell John about this, it would be

better.

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Practice1. I can't understand what he sees in her! If

anyone treats/will treat/treatedme likethat, I am/will be/would be extremely

angry!

2. If you help/helpedme with this exercise, Iwill/woulddo the same for you one day.

3. According to the timetable, if the train

leaves/lefton time, we will/wouldarrive at5.30.

4. If it is/will be fine tomorrow, we go/will go

to the coast.

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Practice1. I can't understand what he sees in her! If

anyone treats/will treat/treatedme likethat, I am/will be/would be extremely

angry!

2. If you help/helpedme with this exercise, Iwill/woulddo the same for you one day.

3. According to the timetable, if the train

leaves/lefton time, we will/wouldarrive at5.30.

4. If it is/will be fine tomorrow, we go/willgo

to the coast.

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5. If we find/founda taxi, we will get/would

getthere before the play starts.

6. It's quite simple really. If you take/willtake/tookthese tablets every day, then you

lose/will lose/lost/would lose weight.

7. I don't like this flat. I think I am/I will be/I'dbe happier if I live/will live/would live/livedin

a house in the country.

8. I don't know how to play baseball, but I'msure that if I will do/did, Iplay/will

play/would playa lot better than anyone in

this awful team!

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5. If we find/founda taxi, we will get/would

getthere before the play starts.

6. It's quite simple really. If you take/willtake/tookthese tablets every day, then you

lose/will lose/lost/would lose weight.

7. I don't like this flat. I think I am/I will be/I'dbe happier if I live/will live/would live/livedin

a house in the country.

8. I don't know how to play baseball, but I'msure that if I will do/did, Iplay/will

play/would playa lot better than anyone in

this awful team!

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9. Why didn't you tell me? If you told/had told

me, I had helped/would have helpedyou.

10. If Bill didn't steal/hadn't stolen the car, hewasn't/wouldn't be/hadn't been in prison

now.

11. If Ann wasn't driving/didn't drive/hadn'tdriven so fast, her cardidn't crash/wouldn't

crash/wouldn't have crashedinto a tree.

12. Let me give you some advice. If yousmoked/would smoke/had smokedless,

you didn't feel/wouldn't feel/wouldn't have

feltso tired.

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9. Why didn't you tell me? If you told/had told

me, I had helped/would have helpedyou.

10. If Bill didn't steal/hadn't stolen the car, hewasn't/wouldn't be/hadn't been in prison

now.

11. If Ann wasn't driving/didn't drive/hadn'tdriven so fast, her cardidn't crash/wouldn't

crash/wouldn't have crashedinto a tree.

12. Let me give you some advice. If yousmoked/would smoke/had smokedless,

you didn't feel/wouldn't feel/wouldn't have

feltso tired.

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13. I'll call the police if you don't

leave me alone!Unless _____________________

14. If you see Peter, tell him to be. .

Should _____________________

15. I wouldn't accept if you asked meto marry you!

If you were __________________