chinmay das,abit,cuttack non-conventional energy sources

Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack

Non-Conventional Energy Sources


Environmental Aspect of Energy

Degradation of Air, Water and Soil

Main reasons Energy generation and its utilisation Conversion losses, by products

Trade-off has to be established between energy and environment.


Environmental Aspect of Energy

Ecology Greenhouse effect Consequences of global warming Pollution

- Indoor

-Outdoor


Energy-Economy-Energy and Sustainable Development

The strategy for mitigating three Es issues is – Sustainable economic development.

Herman Daly: Ecological economist1. The consumption rate of renewable resources is

not higher than its recovery rate.2. The consumption rate of non-renewable resources

is not higher than the rate of increase in renewable resource supply.

3. The emission of pollutants is within the absorption capacity of the environment.


World energy status

In 2008 the annual primary energy consumption of the world is 500 exajoules or 138.8 x 10 to the power 12 KWH or 1.5 x 10 to the power 7 MW.

Fossil power provides 90 % of total. 25 % (approx.) of this energy used in transportation 75% in industries, domestic, agriculture and social

consumers. Growth forecast: 2.2 % during 2004-2030. 70% of this will come from developing countries.


World energy status:Availability of resources and future trends

Conventional Resources Fossil fuels

North America: 19.81%Russia: 23.77%Middle East: 17.88%China: 8.57%Australia and East Asia: 7.71%India: 6.85%Africa: 6.75%Europe: 5.03%



Hydro Resources: 7,78,038 MW or 20 % of total electric power generation capacity.

Industrialized countries: 66% Developing countries: 34%

China: 1,00,000 MWUSA: 77,350 MWCanada: 71,978 MWBrazil : 71,060 MWRussia: 45,000 MW

Norway derives 90% of total power from hydro resources.



Nuclear Resources(2008): 439 plants, 371,989 MW or 16 % of world’s electricity.

France produces 78% of total power from this. EU around 30% of total electricity. By 2050 AD FBR will be the main source of power By 2500 AD , Nuclear Fusion will be main source of

power



Non-Conventional Sources

1. Solar Energy: earth continuously intercepts solar power of 178 billion MW, which is 10,000 times more than world’s demand.

2. Solar PV is expensive at present

3. Capital cost is Rs.20 crore/MW while that of thermal plant is Rs.4 crore/MW



Non-Conventional Sources Wind energy( 1.6 x 10 to the power 7 MW)

1. Cheapest renewable energy source at present.

2. Installation cost Rs.4 crore/MW

3. World wide installation: 94,100 MW or 1 % of total electricity generated.

4. 19% of total electricity in Denmark.

5. Germany is the world leader: 22,247 MW



Non-Conventional Sources Biomass energy

1. Trees( wood, leaves and forest industry wastes)

2. Cultivated plants grown for energy

3. Algae and other vegetations from oceans and lakes

4. Urban wastes ( municipal and industrial wastes)

5. Rural wastes ( agricultural and animal wastes, crop residues, etc )



Non-Conventional Sources Geothermal energy( 2005) 8,932 MW electrical

power and 28,266 MW of direct thermal energy use. Growth 3% for electricity and 7.5% for thermal use Hawai produces 25 % total electricity from this Oldest plant at Lordarello in Italy(460 MW)



Non-Conventional Sources Ocean tidal energy

The first and biggest plant at the mouth of La Rance River in France ( 240 MW)

More predictable than solar and wind energy



Non-Conventional Sources Ocean wave energy

-First and biggest plant is at Portugal (2250 MW)

-50 KW per meter of shoreline potential

- 50,000 MW potential



Non-Conventional Sources Ocean thermal energy conversion Potential is more than that of tidal or wave

energy. Is in infant stage.


Energy Scenario in India

Per capita energy consumption in India is 702 KWH while that of world average is 2600 KWH (2007)

Sector wise energy consumption

Industry 49%

Transport 22%

Residential 10%

Agriculture 5%

Others 14%



Electrical Power generation(2008)Thermal

Coal 76648 MW 52.8 %

Gas 14716 MW 10 %Diesel 1199 MW 0.8 %

Nuclear 4120 MW 2.8 %Hydro 36033 MW 24.8 %Renewable 12194 MW 8.4 %Total 1,44,910 MW



Conventional Sources Fossil fuel: 4th largest producer of coal. Recoverable coal: 90 billion tonnes ( 10% of world

reserve) 0.6 % of oil & gas reserve Oil & gas account for 40 % of total energy

consumption 35 % of oil is domestically produced. Crude oil reserve will last for 22 years at present rate

of consumption and natural gas will last 30 years.



Conventional Sources Hydro Resources potential capacity : 1,00,000 MW Developed capacity: 36,033 MW Seventh largest producer



Conventional Sources Nuclear Resources

- 20,000 MW by 2020.

- stage1,2,3



Non-Conventional Sources

- potential : 1,00,000 MW

- Share to become 10 % by 2012.



Non-Conventional Sources Wind energy

- Growth 35 % in last three years

- Fourth position in the world( after Germany, USA and Spain)

- Current installation: 8,696 MW

- Target 10,000 MW by 2012



Non-Conventional Sources Solar energy

-India receives 5,000 trillion KWH per year solar energy.- daily global radiation is around 5 KWH per sq.m per day.-Use for heating and direct generation of electricity.



Non-Conventional Sources Biomass energy

-Potential 16,881 MW from agro residues, 5,000 MW from bagasse through cogeneration and 2700 MW from urban wastes.

- Bio-diesel



Non-Conventional Sources Small hydro resources( less than 25 MW)

- total potential : 15,000 MW

- Developed : 2,015 MW ( 611 plants)

- Mini: less than 1 MW

- Micro: less than 100 KW



Non-Conventional Sources Geothermal Energy

- Potential : 10,000 MW

- 340 hot springs have been identified.

- 300 KW plant at Chattisgarh



Non-Conventional Sources Ocean Tidal energy

- Potential : 9,000 MW Ocean wave and OTEC Resources

- A 150 KW pilot plant in operation near Thiruvananthapuram.- Potential : 0.02 MW/m of wavefront.

Fuel Cell and Hydrogen energy

chinmay das,abit,cuttack non-conventional energy sources

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