1. TRNG I HC KHOA HC T NHIN GVHD: TS. L Vn KhoaLp: CH QLMT Nhm thc hin: V c Thuyt Nguyn Th Kim Ha Nguyn Th Ngc Hng Phm Th Hng Trang

2. NH GI CHNH SCHS DNGNNG LNG TI TO VIT NAM 3. NI DUNG TRNH BY:PHN 1: M UPHN 2: NI DUNG NGHIN CUPHN 3: KT LUN - KIN NGH 4. PHN 1:M U 5. I. GII THIU Ngun ti nguyn nng lng trn th giiang ngy cng cn kit. Vit Nam c nh l quc gia c ngunnng lng ti to kh ln v a dng.Nhng vn pht trin ngnh NLTT vncn rt khim tn. Vic xy dng chng trnh pht trinNLTT cp quc gia, bao gm :cc chngtrnh mc tiu v tng bc hon thinth ch, chnh sch v NLTT l vn thtcn thit v cp bch 6. ti quan tm n cc mcch sau: S b nh gi mc ph hp cachnh sch. Nhng kt qu t c Kin ngh v nh hng chnh sch. Nu kinh nghim ca mt s ncquan trng lm bi hc thit thccho Vit Nam. 7. Phng php nghin cu v xuttiu ch nh gi:o Tnh thc tin ca h thng chnh scho Tnh thch hpo Tnh bn vng v mi trng v sinh thio Tnh kh thio Tnh tc ng 8. II. C S TNG QUAN Nng lng ti to (hay nng lng tisinh) l nng lng t nhng ngun lintc m theo chun mc ca con ngi lv hn. Nguyn tc c bn ca vic sdng nng lng ti sinh l tch mt phnnng lng t cc quy trnh din bin lintc trong mi trng v a vo trong ccs dng k thut. Cc quy trnh nythng c thc y c bit l t nnglng Mt Tri. 9. Cc dng nng lng ti to Vit Nam NngNng NngNngNngNng lnglnglnglnglnglng a thy thy sinhmtginhittriu inkhitri 10. Nng lng mt triNm trong vng nhit i,s gi nng trung bnhkhong 2.000 - 2.500gi/nm, tng nng lngbc x mt tri trung bnhkhong 150kCal/cm2.nm,Vit Nam c xem l mttrong nhng quc gia ctim nng v nng lngmt tri.Cuc thi nu n bng bp parabol thu nng lng mt tri ti Nng 11. Nng lng gi Nm trong khu vc cn nhit i gi ma vi b bin di trn 3.000km, Vit Nam c mt thun li c bn pht trin nng lng gi Ti hi o l 860 1.410 kWh/m2/nm; khu vc duyn hi l 800 1.000 kWh/m2/nm; mt s khu vc trong ni a: 500 800 kWh/m2/nm. 12. Nng lng a nhitKh nng in a nhit vihn 300 ngun nckhong nng c nhit b mt t 30-1050C. Ncta c 264 ngun ncnng , nhit t 800 ndi 2000C c th dngtrc tip sy nng thysn, si m cho cc cnh, nh my v nhit di 800C dng dngbnh, phc v du lch... 13. Nng lng sinh khi Cht thi t: Nng nghip Chn nui Cng nghip th 14. Nng lng thy triu (nng lng bin)c im thy triu, c hai vngc bin thy triu ln lQung Ninh v Tr Vinh c khnng s dng nng lng thytriu .Dng nng lng trung bnh yunht t 15kW/m; mnh nht30kW/m. C th vnh H Long,Qung Ninh, vnh Gnh Ri, BRa - Vng Tu hi t ba yut:Mt nng lngGWh/km2; tim nng GWh; hiusut GWh/km, iu kin xy dng nh my thy in thytriu. Bin Vit Nam Ngun nng lng sch v gi 15. Nng lng thy inVi 9 h thng sng chnhchy v Vit Nam, cnghng ngn sng sui nhvi vn tc dng chy ln,Vit Nam hin l 1 trong 14nc giu thy nng trnth gii.c tnh Vit Nam ckhong 480 trm thy innh vi tng cng sut lpt l 300MW, phc v hn1 triu ngi ti 20 tnh.Nh my thy in Ha Bnh 16. KINH NGHIM CA MT S NC PHTTRIN MNH V NLTTc:T nm 1991 ban hnh lut v nng lng ti to (RE Law) to khung php l khuyn khch v bo m li ch chnh ng cho tt c cc nh u t thuc mi thnh phn tham gia pht trin NLTT. Hin c ang dn u th gii v mc s dng ngun NLTT v c th tr thnh quc gia u tin ca G20 t b cc ngun nhin liu ha thch v s dng ngun NL xanh vo nm 2050. 17. Trung Quc:Trung quc c xemnc sm ban hnh lutNLTT, to ra ng lc pht trin mnh m ccngun NLTT, trong cin gi Nh lut NLTT c hiu lct nm 2006 m cng sutin gi lp mi nm 2007tng 3450MW, tng 156%so vi nm 2006.vt, tmc , Mt phong tri Trung Quc 18. M:K hoch nng lng mi :- Ly ngun NL mi thay th ngun NL truynthng- Ly ngun NL th mnh thay th ngun NLthiu htD lut an ninh v nng lng sch:- Gim thiu kh thi gy hiu ng nh knh- Gim thiu vic da vo du la nhp khu- Vch k hoch xy dng ngun NL xanh 19. Nam Phi:Ngy 26/3/2009, c quanqun l NL quc gia NamPhi thng qua Chnhsch h tr nng lng tito (REFIT). y l imt ph mi sau nhiunm nc ny n lc phttrin ngun nng lngxanhCho nng lng mt tri Nam Phi 20. Php: Nm 1966, ti Php xy dng mt nh my thy triu u tin trn th gii c qui m cng nghip vi cng sut 240MW, sn xut 640 triu kWh hng nm, cung cp 90% in cho vng Brithany ca Php. Cho n nay nh my vn hnh trn 40 nm v l mt trong nhng nh my thy in ln nht trn th gii. Mc tiu xa hn ca Php l s xy dng 25GW in gi vo nm 2020, trong c 6GW l in gi ngoi khi, vi tng vn u t ln ti 20 t EUR (tng ng 27,1 t USD). 21. n :Nhn r vai tr quan trng ca nng lng ti to,n ang phn u tr thnh nc dn u thgii v k thut khai thc nng lng gi, mt triv sinh khi.Nhm gim l thuc vo ngun du m ngy cngcn kit, n ang y mnh a dng ha ngunnng lng v t mc tiu cho vic sn sut nnglng ti to chim 50% nhu cu nng lng canc ny vo 2050 (mc hin nay l 5%). 22. Lin minh Chu u:C nhiu h thng khuyn khch sn xutin t nng lng ti to: H thng bo m mua li in ti to vi gi nnh trong mt khong thi gian nht nh Mi n v sn xut hoc phn phi in c nghav phi cung cp trn th trng mt t l inc sn xut t nng lng ti to 23. PHN 2:NI DUNG NGHIN CU 24. I. THC TRNG S DNG NNG LNG VIT NAM:Tnh hnh s dng nng lng: Biu : Tnh hnh tiu th nng lng Vit Nam 25. Bng : Nhu cu tiu th nng lngC s s Nhu cu tiudng nng a phng th nng lng (clng (TOE)s)TP. H Ch Minh 16921.928.051TP. H Ni13917.584.700ng Nai85 970.255Bnh Dng117 3.129.251B Ra - Vng Tu 584.045.270 26. Nhu cu tiu thNgnhCng tynng lngngh(TOE)Cty TNHH NN MTV Nhit in Ph M3.062.445Cty CP Nhit in Ph Li2.207.777SnXutNh my Nhit in C Mau 1 752.682NhitinNh my Nhit in C Mau 2 771.175Nh my Nhit in Ph M BOT 2.2720.9 27. Nhu cu tiu thNgnh Cng tynng lngngh (TOE)Cty xi mng Phc Sn 261.975SnXutCty xi mng Chinfon285.355 ximngCty CP xi mng Bm Sn 316.342Tng cty hng khng Vit Nam 748.152Vn Tng cty ng st Vit Nam56.525 tiCty CP vn ti xng du 38.13 28. II. NH GI CHNH SCH NNG LNG TI TO VIT NAMMc tiu chnh sch: Bo v mi trng sinh thi, gim thiu kh thinh knh. Khai thc ngun NLTT tng bc thay th ccngun nng lng truyn thng ang cn kit vgim thiu nhim, hiu ng nh knh cng nhto iu kin thun li hn cho vic pht trinngun nng lng ny. Cung cp ngun nng lng trong tng lai. An ton cho ngi s dng Pht trin th n nh : s dng ngun NLTTs m bo an ninh nng lng quc gia. 29. Cc chnh sch v NLTT Vit Namo Lut in lc 2004o Ngh nh 102/2003/N-CP ca Chnh phngy 03/9/2003 v s dng nng lngtit kim v hiu quo Chin lc quc gia v Bo v mi trngn 2010 v tm nhn n 2020 (Quytnh 256/2003/Q-TTg ca Th tngChnh ph ngy 2/12/2003)o Chin lc pht trin nng lng quc giaca Vit Nam n nm 2020, t nhn nnm 2050(Quyt nh 1855/Q-TTg caTh tng Chnh ph ngy 27/12/2007) 30. o Chin lc pht trin ngnh in Vit Nam giaion 2004-2010, nh hng n nm 2020(Quyt nh s 176/2004/Q-TTg ca Th tngChnh ph ngy 5/10/2004)oChin lc pht trin nng lng quc gia caVit Nam n nm 2020, tm nhn n nm 2050(Quyt nh 1855/Q-TTg ca Th tng Chnhph ngy 27/12/2007) 31. o nh gi : Chin lc pht trin nnglng quc gia ca Vit Nam n nm2020, tm nhn n nm 2050 (Quytnh 1855/Q-TTg ca Th tngChnh ph ngy 7/12/2007) 32. Cc tiu ch nh giTnh thch hpCc tiu Tnh kh thichnh giTnh tc ngTnh thc tin 33. C ch v gi Gi ca nng lng sch so vi gi canng lng truyn thng c khong cchrt ln, v th khng thc y c nnglng ti to pht trin. Khi gi nng lng trong nc ngang bngquc t th khong cch gia gi nnglng truyn thng v ti to s hpithc y s dng nng lng ti tothc y s dng NLTT 34. C ch v ga Hin ti, gi in m Tp on in lcVit Nam (EVN) mua vi mc gi trungbnh khong 5,3-5,4 cent/kWh. Cc nckhc bn ra l 5,7-5,8 cent/kWh. Trong khi , nng lng ti to nh gi lkhong 10 cent/kWh, ty thuc vo tngv tr, tc , loi cng ngh nhp v. y chnh l im yu ca chnhsch ny. 35. Thiu chnh sch ph hp C ch chnh sch cha mnh h tr pht trin, cc gii php thchin va yu, va thiu, li chang b nn cha hp dn c ccnh u t. Kinh ph u t khai thc s dngnhng nguyn liu trong iu kinhin nay li rt cao 36. Thiu kinh ph Mc d nhiu tim nng, song Vit Nam hu nhvn cha ng dng c bao nhiu NLTT vopht trin sn xut. Do phn ln cc cng ngh NLTT thng cn qut, vn hnh v bo dng tng i phc tptrong khi chng thng c ng dng chocc khu vc nng thn, min ni xa mng linng lng quc gia. B phn ln c dn nng thn c mc thu nhpthp v trnh dn tr cha cao khin cc cngtrnh NLTT thng ch pht trin khi c ngun titr nc ngoi hoc chnh sch h tr ca Nhnc. 37. S dng ma trn SWOT S WNng lng l mt trong s nhng Thiu chnh sch thch hp v thiungnh trng im ca quc gia trong kinh ph.qu trnh hi nhp v pht trin. Khng c chnh sch u i v ccVN c ng b bin tri di nn ckhon cho vay i vi cc nh u t.tim nng v nng lng gi kh ln.Hn ch v mt khng gian trongVN nm trong vng kh hu nhit ivic b tr cc nh my s dng NLTT.gi ma c mc bc x nhit kh cao Vic khai thc cc ngun NLTT vnnn (2000-2500 gi nng mi nm)cn kh khim tn.thun li khai thc ngun nng lngCha tn dng ht ngun NLTT mt tri. Vit Nam.VN l mt nc mnh v nngTrnh ngun nhn lc v cngnghip nn c kh nng pht trin ngh cha pht trin ph hp vi nhunng lng sinh khi. cu ca nn kinh t.VN c hn 300 ngun nc khongnng, c nhit b mt t 300C n1050C nn c kh nng pht trinnng lng a nhit.Khung chnh sch ca nh nc mra nhiu c hi pht trin ngun nnglng sch nh: gi, mt tri,.. 38. OTCu lun vt qu cung, trong khi Hn ch v mt trnh qun ltnh hnh khai thc cn km. cng nh khoa hc cng ngh.Ph hp vi xu hng pht trin Cha c chnh sch h tr tca cc nc trn th gii.Chnh ph.c s quan tm ca Nh nc Cha c quy nh v k thut vv vn s dng NLTT.php l v vic s dng NLTT.c s h tr ca cc nc tinNhn thc ca con ngi v tmphong trong lnh vc ny nh Nht, quan trng trong vic s dng NLTTc, v mt kinh t v k thut.cha cao. Thiu tuyn truyn v gio dc ngi dn v vn pht trin v s dng NLTT. 39. III. PHN TCH TC NG V XUT GIIPHP Tc ng tch cc:a. S phi hp lin ngnhb. Xy dng cc chnh sch v nh hng pht trin nng lng quc gia kh hon chnhc. S k tha 40. Tc ng tiu cca. Thiu c ch khuyn khch h tr hiu qub. Cn sm xy dng lut NLTT Vit Nam to iu kin thun li v c s php l v chnh sch pht trin NLTTc. Cc ro cn khc - Ngun lc - Khoa hc cng ngh - Kinh t - ti chnh 41. Vai tr ca nhm lin i: H thng chnh tr H thng KT Cc nh nghinQu BVMT B Cng thngcu KHS TN_MTNh u t v B Nng lng S KH_CN cng nghB TN-MTDoanh nghipB KH_CNC quan QT Chnh sch B Ti chnhs dng NLTT EVN Bo i on, hiCng ng NGOH thng XHM hnh phn tch h thng Triad network 42. PHN 3:KT LUN - KIN NGH 43. Kt lunNng lng ti to mang n c hi kinh tv vic lm, ng thi cng to ra mt mitrng sch v t kh thi nh knh. T gipVit Nam mt trong nhng nc chu nh hngnng n nht ca bin i kh hu nhm hngti pht trin bn vng. pht trin mnh m ngun NLTT, m rngphm vi ng dng, nng cao hiu qu s dng,tng dn t trng NLTT trong c cu ngun nnglng Vit Nam th ta cn thc hin nhng binphp thit thc, hiu qu, c tnh php l, to rabc t ph pht trin NLTT. 44. Kin ngh Sm xy dng Lut nng lng ti to VitNam to iu kin thun li v c s php lv chnh sch NLTT. Sm thnh lp khung gi in gi ni li Xem xt li c ch gi. Lp ra mt qu, ngun vn h tr cho phttrin nng lng ti to. Tuyn truyn ph bin cc hot ng khai thcv s dng cc ngun NLTT c bit cc vngnng thn v min ni. 45. Xin chn thnh cm n.