chinese tallow - eoc
TRANSCRIPT
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Mapping the Invasive SpeciesChinese Tallow
U.S. Department of the InteriorU.S. Geological Survey
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Sapium sebiferum (L) Roxb.
Common names: Chinese Tallow, AsianTallow, Popcorn Tree, Florida Aspen,Chicken Tree.
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■ Introduced in 1700’s
■ Aggressively competes
■ Spread by birds and floodwaters
■ Sold as ornamental plants
■ Sapping monetary reserves
■ Once established, extremelydifficult to eradicate
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Distribution Has Never Been MappedA method to map Chinese Tallow has not been developed
■ Monitor success oferadication efforts
■ Control the further spread
■ Understand the sensitivity
■ Identify activities thatincrease the risk
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Less Than 1 Minute
185 km
36 km
7.7 kmLandsatMultispectralImages(185 km @ 30 m)
705 km705 kmAltitudeAltitude
AVIRIS Underflight(10 km @ 20 m)
Multispectral Images(36 km @ 30 m)
HyperspectralAtmospheric Correction(185 km @ 125 / 250 m)
Grating-basedGrating-basedHyperspectralHyperspectralImagesImages(7.5 km @ 30 m)(7.5 km @ 30 m)
Landsat-7 EO-1
HelicopterUnderflight(Variable)
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■ High spatial resolution color infrared photography
▼ Collected in November 1997 in coastal Louisiana
▼ Collected from an aircraft platform (about a 0.5 m IFOV)
▼ Ramsey, E., III, G. Nelson, S. Sapkota, E. Seeger, and K.Matella. Mapping Chinese Tallow with color-infraredphotography. Photogrammetric Engineering and RemoteSensing-in press.
■ Moderate spatial resolution hyperspectral data
▼ Proof of concept: Simulation of Hyperion sensor data
▼ Restricted to visible and near infrared and about a 25 mIFOV
Detecting and Mapping Chinese Tallow
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A
B
C
D450 550 650 750 850 950400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Wavelength nm
0.05
0.15
0.25
0.35
0.45
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
Ref
lec t
a nce
Leaves
A Green
B Bright Red
C Medium Red
D Dark Red
Chinese Tallow (Sapium sebiferum)Leaf Reflectance
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Hyperspectral Reflectance Signatures and LandsatThematic Mapper (TM) Bands
TMB
and
1
TMB
and
2
TMB
a nd
3
TMB
and
4400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Wavelength
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50C
ano p
yan
dLe
afR
efle
c ta n
ce
Green Leaf
Red Leaf
Canopy
47% With Red Tallow
37% No Leaves
~ 100% Tallow
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Hyperspectral Canopy Reflectance Data
■ Simultaneous collections with two radiometers
▼ One collecting downwelling sunlight at a fixed position onthe ground
▼ One collecting light reflected from the vegetation takenfrom a helicopter platform about 230 m above the ground
▼ Spectral data restricted to the visible to near infrared
▼ The ground spatial resolution was about 25 m IFOV
▼ Canopy reflectance data at over 30 sites were generatedfrom the two radiometers
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Classified 35-mm Color PhotographyTaken From Helicopter
35-mm Color PhotographyTaken From Helicopter
Observed
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Radiative Transfer and Optimization model
■ Inputs▼ Average red (tallow) and green (tallow and pine) leaf
reflectances
▼ Average ground reflectances (hardwood, pine, grassland)
▼ Sun and view geometries (sun zenith and azimuth at thetime of the helicopter collection at each site)
▼ Relative skylight (estimated from airport visibilities)
▼ Note: the optimization was not well conditioned and certainvariables (e.g., leaf angle) went outside reasonable limitsduring many analyses
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Radiative Transfer and Optimization model
■ Prediction▼ The amounts of red and green leaf reflectance, leaf area
index, and leaf angle distribution were varied to givethe closest match to the site-specific generated canopyreflectance
▼ The closest match was the predicted canopyreflectance at each site
▼ The amount of red leaf reflectance added in theoptimization was the estimate of the percent of redtallow leaves at each site
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Date Site Path Row Image Quality4/11/01 Tallow West 24 39 95% clouds4/27/01 Tallow West 24 39 90% clouds5/13/01 Tallow West 24 39 Good Image5/29/01 Tallow West 24 39 90% clouds.6/14/01 Tallow West 24 39 85% clouds8/1/01 Tallow West 24 39 100% clouds
8/17/01 Tallow West 24 39 100% clouds9/18/01 Tallow West 24 39 80% clouds
8/26/01 Lafayette 23 39 95% clouds
7/2/01 Lake DeCade 22 40 95% clouds8/3/01 Lake DeCade 22 40 100% clouds
5/8/01 Pascagoula 21 39 100% clouds8/28/01 Pascagoula 21 39 100% clouds9/29/01 Pascagoula 21 39 Good Image
10/20/01 Tallow Central 24 39 Good Image
EO1 Image Collections and Image Quality
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Summary■ Red Chinese tallow leaves can be detected and mapped with
very high spatial resolution CIR photography
▼ The data volume and labor necessary are high, suggestingfairly high costs would be associated with mapping smallareas
■ Red Chinese tallow leaves percentages may be detected andmapped with Hyperion type sensors with about a 25 m IFOV
▼ Results from the Radiative Transfer and Optimizationanalyses may not be directly applied to Hyperion imagedata. Initial starting points were not constant in alloptimizations and some inversions resulted in negative arrayelements.
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Summary, cont’d
■ Problems occur in marsh and prairie landscapes, but some ofthese may be linked to the IFOV’s differences between the 35mm slide and radiometer
■ Use of spectral differencing (selective broad band) may alsoincrease the detection and mapping capabilities in marsh andprairie landscapes
■ Future addition of an endmember analysis tool should furtheradvance the capabilities of detecting and mapping ChineseTallow
■ We hope for successful Hyperion and ALI collections onNovember 5, 2001