chinese grammar -part vi

26 Describing people, places, and things

Describe 王明 Wáng Míng in complete sentences in terms of these attributes.

a. 18 years old b. a student c. intelligent d . tall e. Canadian

<> 126.1, 26.2

Ask content questions about 王明 Wáng Míng in complete Chinese sentences based on the following information. Each question should focus on the underlined information.

Example: He studies 且王国旦主· • 他在哪儿念书?他在哪兜念在?Tã zài n ar niàn shü?

a. He is 18 vears 01d. b. He speaks 豆且皿监阜-

c. He is 豆且且且必且且.d . He likes 坠且这n movies. e. His birthday is 且且.L2.

f. He has 1旦旦 younger brothers. g. He goes to .E且且豆豆 ev哩ry year. h. He bought 9..二且且坚旦 dictionary.

。 I 24.6, 26.4, 26.7

In complete Mandarin sentences, explain what the fo llowing things are made of

Example: ice CIeam -αeam • 泳祺淋是用奶袖做的。冰斟淋是用奶油做的。Bïngqilín shì yòng nã iyóu zu ò de.

a. books - papcr b. candy [糖果 táng guó) - sugar [楷 táng)

Describing people, p,laces, and things

c. steamed buns [馒头/簸jjj'.j mántou] - tlour 阳粉/魁粉 miànf吕n]d. ice cubes [冰块/冰魄 bïngkuài] - water e. houses - wood [木头/木~ mùtou)

。 126.5You are a weather forecaster. Describe the weather for these three cities in complete sentences in Mandarin.

a. New York b. Bei;ing c. Taipei cold partly c10udy sunny snowmg windy humid 15 0 F

。 126.8- 2 0 C 30 0 C

You are feeling ill and have a doctor's appointment. Express the conversation i n Mandarin.

a. Tell the doctor that you are not feeling well, that you have a cough and a headache and that you also have a runny nose.

b. Have the doctor ask you if yOl.l have fever c. Tell the doctor you don't have a fever. d. Have the doctor ask if you have diarrhea. 巳 Tell the doctor that you do. f. Have the doctor ask you if yOl.l have a stomach ache. g. Tell her that you don't. h. Have the doctor tell you that you have a cold. She wiU write you a

prescription, and you should take it every four hours. Vou should sleep a lot, and you should drink a lot of water. It wOl.lld be best if you did not eat any spicy food [辣的 là de SjJicy things]. You will feel better in a couple of days.

。 126玩 46.1.3

27 Describing how actions are performed

In complete Mandarin sentences, describe how 唐玫玲 Táng Méiling does each of the following actions.

Example: wal.ks sJowJy • 她走得很慢。她走得f跤;1变。

Tã zou de h岳n màn.

a. speaks slowly e. studies too little b. writes clearly f. runs very 向st

c. eats a Jot g. cooks well d. drìves too fast

<> I 27.1

h. sìngs .a lot

In complete Chinese sentences, describe how 店玫玲 Táng Méilíng does each of the foUowing actions. Be sure to indude 出e object of the verb in each of your sentences.

Example: sleeps a Jot • 她睡觉睡得很多。她睡侄睡得很多。

Tã shuì jiào shuì de hen duõ.

a. speaks ]apanese slowly b. writes Chinese characters clearJy C. drìnks a lot of tea d. drives a car too 向st

e. studies Chinese too IittJe f. plays tennis a Jot (盯网球/打，制球 dã wãngqiú play tennis] g. cooks Chinese food well h. sings karaoke a lot [卡拉 OK kãJã OK karaoke)

。 127.1.1， 27.1.2王明 Wáng Míng is thinking about asking 高世 Gão Lèi for a date, but he wants to know a few things about her first. Translate his questions into English.

a. 她学得怎么样?她更严得怎麽J嵌?

Tã xué de zènmeyàng?

Describing how actions are perlormed

b. 她做菜做得怎么样?她做菜做得怎麽楼?

Tã zuδcài zuò de zènmeyàng? C. 她开车开得怎么样?

她阳:$阅得怎、应辍?

Tã kãi chê kãi de zènmeyàng? d. 她唱歌儿喝得怎么样?她l唱歌克唱得怎麽楝?

Tã chàng gër chàng de zenme yàng? e. 她跳舞跳得怎么样?他跳舞跳得怎麽极?

Tã tiào wií tiào de zènmeyàng? f. 她说英文说得怎么样?

她说英文说得怎麽襟?Tã shuõ Ylngwén shuõ de zènmeyàng?

r:::> 127.2

This is what you tell 王明 Wáng Míng about 高自 Gão Lei. Express your opinions in Mandarin

a. She studies well. b. She cooks extremely well. c. She drives (a .car) a little slowly. d. She is not bad at singing. (In Chinese: She sings not bad.) e. She doesn't dance too well. (In Chinese: She dances not too well.) f. She speaks English particularly accurately.

。 1 27.1

Rewrite these sentences in Mandarin, inserting the parenthesized adverbial modifier in the appropriate position to express the English meaning.

Example: 孩子在公同里玩。 (高高兴兴地)孩子在公圄襄玩。 (向市舆舆地)Háízi zãí gõngyuá n n wán. (g孟o g.画o xing xing de) Tlte cltiJdren are pJaying ltappiJy in tlte park. 一斗，

孩子高高兴兴地在公园里玩。孩子高高舆舆地在公固襄玩。Háizi gão gão xïng xïng de zài gδngyuán li wán . Tlte cltiJdren are pJaying ltappiJy in the park.

a. 唐玫玲把门开开了。店玫玲把问剧院i了。

Táng Méilíng bã mén kãikai le. Tang Meiling opened tlte door sJowJy. (慢慢地 mànmãn de)

SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

b. 唐玫玲把饭吃完了。唐玫玲把饭吃完了。

Táng Méilíng bã fàn chïwán le. Tang Meiling fìnished eating quickly. (快快地 kuàikuãi de)

c. 唐玫玲把同屋的光碟f肯走了。

Táng Méilíng bã tóngwû de guãngdi是 ji告动u le. Tm啄 Meiling secretly borrowed her roommate's CDs. (偷偷儿地/偷偷咒地tõutδur de)

d. 唐玫玲帮助了蛛妹。唐玫玲帮助了妹妹。

Táng Méilíng bãngzhù le m是imei.Tang Meiling wíllingly helped her younger sister. (自悠地/自颐地 zìyuàn de)

e. 唐玫玲洗了1辈子。

唐玫玲洗了盘盘子。

Táng Méilíng xJ le pánzi.

Tang Meílíng flllrriedly washed a,e dis17es. (匆忙地/匆忙地 cõngmál1lg de) f. 店玫玲叫了朋友。

TángM是ilíng jiiào le péngyou. Ta咆 Meiling greeted her friends /"olldly. (大声地/大蹄地 dàshëng de)

g. 唐玫玲写了作文。唐玫玲~了作文。

Táng Méilíng xi是 le zuδwén.

Meiling careful/"y wrote the essay. (用心地 yòngxïn de) h. 店玫玲昕了报告。

唐玫玲擦了辍告。

Táng Méilíng tïng le bàogào. Meiling listened attentively ω the announcement. (认真地/招真地 rènzhen de)

。 127.3

28 Indicating result, conclusion, potential, and extent

Insert the right resultative verb ending to complete the meaning of each sentenc巳

a. 我吃一一一一一了。W6 chï le. I'm fuJ/.

b. 我吃一一一一一了。

Wõ chï le. 1 a te enougll.

C. 我吃一一一一一了。Wõ chï le. I've fìnished eating.

d. 我找一一一一一了。W6 zhão le. I've fìnished looking.

。 I 28.1.1

e 我找一一一一一了。Wδzhão le. ['ve fOlll1d it.

f. 我记一一一一一了。我把一一一一一了。Wõjì 一一一一 le.T've memorized it.

g. 我看一一一一一了。Wõ kàn le. [ saw it.

h. 我看一一一一一了。Wδkàn le. [ read it wrong.

Translate these sentences into Mandarin, selecting the appropriate form of the parenthesized resultative verb.

a . 1 learned the lesson. (学会/结合 xuéhuì or 学得会/结得食 xuédehuì)

b. I can't memorize these characters. (没记住/泼记住 méi jìzhu or i己不住/记不住 jìbuzhù)

C. I didn't hear the sound. (没昕见/泼聪克 méi 盯ngjian or 听不见/穗不克tïngbujiàn)

d. I was unable to buy the book. (没买到/泼~~IJ méi mãidào or 买不到/口不到 mãibùdào)

已 I bought the dictionary. (买到了/贯到了 m远idào le or 买得到/自得到m昌idedào)

f. I am able to understand Chinese (by listening). (昕酷了/!且由了日ngdδngleor 0，斤得懂/辄得懂 tîngdedõng)

g. I ùiùn' t unù~r~tanù (by lbt~ni ng). (没听懂/泼黯恤 llléi t1ng创刊 υr 昕不假/摆不懂 tïngbudõng)


h. 1 can't finish eating (this food). (没吃完 méi chîwán or 吃不完 chîbùwán)

28.1.2, 28.1.4, 28.2

Translate these sentences to Mandarin using the parenthesized verb with the appropriate resultative ending.

a. 1 bought the wrong book. (实/贸 mãi)

b. Can you see the subway station? (地戴站 dìti是 zhàn) (看 kàn)

c. Have you bought that book? (实/贸 mãi)

d. 1 have bought it. (买/'f1. mãi) e. Have you finished reading it? (看 kàn)

f. No. 1 haven't finished reading i t. (看 kàn)

g. Do you understand it (by reading it)? (辛辛 kàn)

h. Yes (1 understand it by reading it.) (轩 kàn)

。 I 28.1.1, 28.1.2

Th ese sentences all involve the potential suffix 得了 delião or 不了 bulião.Translate them into English.

a. 下雪了，我们走不了了。

下去了 ' 我刑走不了了。Xià xue le, wðmen zðubulião le.

b. 我的年坏了，开不了了。

我的草锁了，问不了了。

Wõ de chë huài le, kãibulião le. c. 这主、多饭，你吃得了吗?

渲麽多饭，你吃得了明?Zhème duδfàn， n1 chîdelião ma?

d. 他说他的手很疼，写不了字。

他说他的手很疼，窍不了字。

Tã shuõ tã de shõu hen téng, xiebùli单o zì e. 你的花都冻死了，活不了了。 [花 huã flowe几冻/凉 dòngω freeze)

你的在都凉死了，活不了了。

Ni de huã dõu dòngsile, huóbulião le. f. 你明天来得了吗?

你明天来得了喝?

Ni míngtiãn láidelião ma? g. 听我的，一定错不了。

黯我的，一定错不了。

1丁ng wõ de, yîdìng cuòbulião. h. 我今天有亭 ' 参加不了你们的晚会。

我今天有事，参加不了你例的晚愈。

Wõ jlntiãn y凸ll.I shì, cãnjiãbulião nimen de wãnhuì.

~ 128.4

I ndicating result, conclusion, potential, and extent

Select the correct resultative or potential expression to match the English meanings.

a. 他一一一一一大学。 [考不7 - 考不上l他一一一一一大绍。 {考不了-考不上]Tä 一一一一_ dàxué. rkãobùlião - kãobushàng] He can't pass the university entrance exam.

b. 我一一一一一新年。 [买不了-买不起]我一一一一一新事。 [固不了-贾不起]Wó 一一一一_ xïnche. [mãibuliáo - mãibuqiJ 1 can't afford to buy a new car.

c. 我一一一一一- 你。 [忘不了忘不掉]WÓ n'í. [wàngbulião - wàngbudiào] 1 can never forget yOI.l.

d. 我们一一一一一看电影。 I来不了一来不及]我刑一一一一一看电影。 [来不了 - 来不及]Wómen 一一一一_ kàn diànyìng. Váibulião - láibuj可

W e won't be il1 time to see the movie.

e. 他已经把作!.lJL一一一一一了。 [做得完-做完]他已怨把作棠一一一一一了。 [做得完-做完]Tã yijing bã zuòyè 一一一一一 le. [zuòdewán - wòwán] He aJready finished his homework.

L 我那种事。 [做不了 - 做不到]

我一一一一一那程事。 [做不了做不到lWó 一一一一一_ nà zhóng shì. [zuòbulião - zuòbudào] 1 can't 砌的at kind of work.

g. 普通的人一一一一一。 [进不了一进不去]普通的人一一一一一。 [远不了-遮不去]P凸tδng de rén . [jìnbulião - jìnbuqù) Ordinary people cannot go in.

h. 你不应该一一一一一你的父母。 [对得起 - 对不起]

你不~该一一一一一你的父母。 [重才得起 - 割不起lNT bù yïnggãi ni de fùmu. [duìdeqi - duìbuqiJ Yοu must not embarrass (show disrespect for) your parents.

<> I 28.2, 28.4.4

Use a resultative verb to complete each of the following sentences to express the English mean ings.

Example: 他怎么吃(也) → 他怎么吃也吃不饱。他怎麽吃(也) 他怎麽吃也吃不跑。Tã z任nme chï (ye) Tã zenme chï y任 chï bùb单o.

No matter how much he eats he can't get fIlJJ.


a. 我怎么吃(也)我怎麽吃(也)

Wõ zenme chI (ye) Nomaηer how much 1 eat 1 can't fìnisl7.

b. 他怎么学(也)

他怎麽结(也)Tã zenme xué (ye) Noma位'er l70w mllcl7 l7e studies he can't l11aster (it).

c. 我怎么看(也)

我怎麽看(也)

Wõ zenme kàn (y是)No matter how 1 read (it) 1 can't lInderstand (it).

d. 他怎么做(也)

他怎麽做(也)Tã zenme zuδ(yé) No matter how l7e does (it) l7e does it wrol1g

e. 我怎么做(也)

我怎麽做(也)

Wõ zenme zuò (ye) No matter how 1 即 ω do (it) l can't do it.

f. 我怎么找(也)我怎睽找(也)

Wõz吕nme zhão (yé) No matter how (mucl7) llook 1 can't fìnd (iυ-

~ 128.2.2.1

Complete the5e 5en tence5 in Mandarin to match the Engli5h meaning, u5ing the phra5e5 provided to express the result or extent of the situation.

Example: He wa5 50 tired that he could not pick up h is head. [抬不起头来了/抬不起原来了 táibuqitóu láiJ 涉

他主挺得抬不起头来了。

他累得抬不起原来了。Tã 1是i de táibuqitóu lái le.

a. He wa5 50 happy that he began to 5ing. [唱起歌儿来/唱起歌兜来 chàng qI gër láil

b. 1 was 50 tired t hat 1 slept for two days. [睡了两天/瞪了雨天 shul le Iiãng tiãn]

c. They were so busy that they forgot to eat [把吃饭都忘了/把吃饭都忘了 bã chI fàn dõu wàn g leJ

d. He was 50 hungry that he ate all of the dumplings. [把饺子都吃宪了/把饺子都吃完了 bã jiãozi dõu chlwán le.]

已 He sang so IDuch that his throat was sore. [嗓子都疼了 sãngzi dδu téng le]

I ndicating result, conclusion, potential, and extent

f. We walked 50 much that our leg5 got 5wollen. [腿部月中了/腿部睡了 tuI dδ1I zhõng leJ

g. 1 ate 50 much that 1 couldn't walk. [走不动了/走不!fìIJ7 zõubudòng le]

h . The book was so interesting that 1 couldn't put it down [我简直放不下/我简直放不下 wõ jiãnzhí fàngbuxià]

。 I 28.S

王明 Wáng Míng is studying hard for college entrance exams. He is explaining his progress to his parents. Express this in Mandarin.

a . I've already finished studying maths. b. 1 have not fini5hed 5tudying chemi5try. c. No matter how hard I study, I cannot memorize a)] of the chemi5try formula5.

[记住/扭住 jìz.hù memorize; 公式 gδngshì formula] d. 1 can't understand the English poems (by reading). e. I have learned (5tudied and m.astered) a)] of the English vocabulary.

[词汇/词集 cíhuì vocabulary] f. I am so nervous that I cannot sleep and I cannot eat. g. No matter how I try to 51eep I can't fa)] asleep. h. I am so tired that I cannot study anymore.

。 I 28.1- 28.5

29 Making comparisons

Compare 王明 Wáng Míng and 周利 Zhõu Lì in complete Mandarin sentences using 比 bi，没有 méi y创， or 跟(和) . . . 一糠/一楼 gen (hé) . . . ylyàng as appropriate.

Example: equally hardworking → 王明跟周丰IJ-样用功。王明跟周利一极用功。Wáng Míng gen zh õulì ylyàng yònggõng.

王明 Wáng Míng 周幸IJ Zl7õu Lì a. equally tall (the

same height)

] 。。

n m ge n

扪

·刀

ω1J

bh剖

明

mM

町咽

MM

川况

陀喃

El

i--l

m阳

刚川

hU

户LAU

not as fast

e. not as hardworking I用功 yònggδngJ

f. equaUy interesting [有意思 yõu yìsï]

g. lazier [懒/懒 lãn]

h. not as friendly [*n气/和氛 héqi]

i. thinner [瘦 shòu]

equally happy

。 I 29.1.3, 29.3.1, 29.4

Ask the following yes-no questions about 王明 Wáng Míng and 周利 Zhδu Lìin Mandarin.

a. Are Wang Ming and Zhou Li equally smart? b. Is Zhou Li taller than Wang Míng? C. 15 Wang Ming lazier than Zhou Li? d. Are Wang Ming and Zhou Li equally interesting? e. Is Wang Ming better looking than 7.hou J.i?

。 I 24.1, 29

Making comparisons

fn complete Mandarin sentences, say that 王明 Wáng Míng outperforms 用和J Zhδu Lì in each of the following actions. Include the object of the comparison in your sentences.

Example: takes tests - better → 王明比周利考试考得好。王明上t周幸IJ考拭考得好。Wáng Míng bi Zhδu Lì käo shì käo de häo.

a. sings songs - better r唱歌兜 chàng gër] b. writes Chinese - better c. works - faster [做事 zuδshì]

d. cooks food - better (做菜 zuò cài] e. speaks EngJish - better f. dances - better [跳舞 tiào wu) g. studies - mor.e h. reads books - more 1. sees more mOV1eS j. plays ball - better r打球 dã qiúj

。 129.3.5[n complete Mandarin sentences, say that 周利 Zhδu Lì is not as good as 王明 Wáng Míng in performing each of the actions listed in (3) abov巳[nclude the object of the comparison in your sentences.

Example: taki ng tests → 周利没有土明考试考得好。

<> I 29.4.3

周开Ij设有王明考就考得好。Zhδu Lì méi yõu Wán g Míng käo shì käo de h单o.

In complete Mandarin sentences, say that 王明 Wâng Míng and 周利 Zhδu L1are identical in their performance of the actions listed in (3). Include the object of the comparison in your sentences. For (5) say that they study equally wel l.

Example: ta灿ng tests → 王明阪周丰IJ考试考得一样好。

。 I 29.1.6

王明跟周利考试考得一镣好。WángMín g g亘n Zhõu Lì käo shì k äo d e yïyàn g häo.

Put these Mandarin phrases in the correct order to match the English translations.

a. 周利的薪水一倍多比王明的薪水。Zhδu Lì de xïnshui yï 悦i duõ b'í Wáng Míng de xïnshu i.

2holl Li's salary is twice as much as Wang Ming's salary. b. 上t周幸IJ的朋友得王明的朋友多多。

bì Zhδu Lì de p己ngyou dc Wáng Míng dc p己ngyou duδduδ.

Zhou Li has a lot more friends than Wang Ming.


C. 周利高一点lt王明。周利向一黠上t王明。

Zhδu Lì gão yldiãn bi Wáng Míng. Zhou Li is a 1比tle taller than Wang Ming.

d. 林伟学更高地周羊IJ 。

林{iít~更高地周利。

Lín W是ixué g告ng gão bi Zhôu LÌ. Lin Weixue is even taller than Zhou Li.

e. 王明写得力支写视字漂亮。王明黯得最菊漠字漂亮。

Wáng Míng xie de zuì xie Hàn zì piàoliang. Wang Ming writes Chinese characters the p陀忧iest (of everyone).

<> I 29.3 .4.1, 29.3 .4.2, 29.3.4.3, 29.3.4.4, 29.5, 29.6

Translate the following into English.

a. 周利比王明大两岁。周利比王明大雨葳。

Zhδu Lì bT Wáng Míng dà liãng suì. b. 周利的年比王明的车iR五千块钱。

周利的事比王明的草黄五千槐敛。

Zhõu Lì de chê bí Wáng Míng de chë guì wií qiãn kuài qián. C 周利的车上七王明的年大一点。

周利的事比王明的事大一黯。

Zhöu Lì de ch岳 bI Wáng Míng de che dà yfdiãn. d. 林伟学的军更大。林他型的草更大。

Lín W是ixué de che 肘ng dà. e. 这本书比另11本书贵得多。

渲本将J.t那本鸭主运得多。

Zh告 ben shû bT nà ben shû guì de duδ f. 周利比王明吃饭吃得多得多。

周丰IJ比王明吃饭吃得多得多。Zhδu Lì bT Wáng Míng chî fàn chî de duδde duδ-

g. 林伟学吃饭吃得最多。林{毒擎吃饭吃得最多。

Lín W是ixué ch I fàn chI de zuì duö. h. 王明写汉字写得没有周利那么漂亮。

王明德漠字n得泼有周幸IJ那麽漂亮。Wáng Míng xie Hàn zì xi任 de méi yõu Zhδu Lì nàme piàol iang.

<> I 29.3 .4.1. 29.3 .4.2. 29.3.4.3.29.3.4.4. 29.5.29.6

Making comparisons

Translate these sentences into Mandarin. The Mandarin translations of underlined words are provided in brackets.

a . My younger brother 旦旦监 a lot faster than I. [做事 zuò shì) b. My younger brother eats a lot more food than J do. c. My younger brother doesn't旦旦 as much mo且ey: as 1 do. [赚钱/赚钱

zhuàn qián] d. 1 earn a lot more money than him. 已 J am eleven years older than my younger brother. f. This movie is not as 坦旦旦足国g as that movie. [有意思 yõu yìsï) g. I like that movie the most. h. This book is twice as expensive as that book.

。 I 6.6.5, 29.3.4.1, 29.3.4.2, 29.3.4.3, 29.3.5, 29.4.1, 29.4.3, 29.6

Translate these sentences with 不如 bùrú，比较/比较 bijiào， and 相当/相首xi画ngd画ng into English.

a. 这课的生词相当多。渲裸的生扫相苗多。

Zh告 kè de shεngcí xiãngdãng duδ. b. 这个学期我选的课都比较容易。

llif周华期我握的器都比较容易。

Zh告ge xuéqï wo xuan de kè dδu bljiào róngyì. C. 学日文不如学中艾。

华自文不如华中文。

Xué Rìwén bùrú xué Zhöngwén. d. 这种字典比较难实。

远橙字典比较雌口。

Zhè zhõng zìdian bIjiào nán mai. e. 他觉得所有的人都不知他。他货得所有的人都不如他。

Tã juédé suóyõu de rén dδu blÙrú tã f. 那个学生学习得相当努力。

另11伺续生旦在营得相笛努力。

Nàge xuéshëng xuéxí de xiãngdãng n凸Iì.

。 I 29.4.2, 29.7

You are planning to buy a house in China and are asking a Chinese friend for advice. Express t h is conversation in Mandarin.

a . Ask your friend how much houses sell for in China. b. Your friend tells you the following:

(i) Houses outside the city a re less expensive than houses inside the city. (ii) Houses outside the city are also a lot bigger than houses in the city.

(iii) Hυw~v~r， livingυu t~iù~ th~ city b 11υt as cυnV~lI i~lIt aS living i ll~iù~ the city.


c. Ask your friend, if you buy a house in the city, what kind of house is the cheapest.

d. Your friend teLls you the following: (i) A house that faces south is more expensive than a house that

faces north. (ii) A house that faces east is a Iittle cheaper than a house that

faces west.

。 129.3， 29.4, 43.3, 50.2

chinese grammar -part vi

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