ChinaChina Pages 635-639Pages 635-639

China’s Early HistoryChina’s Early History

• China is the world’s oldest continuous civilization.

• China has been a settled society for more than 4,000 years. First China was made up of cultures then ruled by dynasties.

• A dynasty is a series of rulers from the same family.

• The first dynasty arose during the 1700’s B.C. In 1644 the Manchu people of Manchuria invaded china and established the Qing dynasty. In 1911 the Machus were overthrown by revolutionaries, this ended the dynasties and Chinese empire.

Revolution and ChangeRevolution and Change• After the Boxer Rebellion, the Qing Dynasty

attempted to reform the Chinese government, but it was to late.

• Many people wanted to form a republic government so they would have a voice in their government, but that didn’t work out when the republic led by Sun Yat- Sen had to deal with civil war throughout China.

• When Sun Yat- Sen died, a general named Chiang Kai- Shek took over the Nationalist Party in 1925. The Nationalist Party united most of China in the 1920’s, but throughout the 1920’s and 1930’s the Chinese Communist Party became a powerful force in China.

• The communists led by Mao Zedong fought and defeated the Nationalists for control.

• In 1998 China had both a president named Jiang Zemin and a premier named Zhu Rongji focused on developing China’s economy.

The Rural Economy The Rural Economy • As a result of china allowing the marketplace

and the consumer to play a role in the economy. Now china has one of the fastest growing economies in the world.

• China is very self- sufficient in agriculture. Great river valleys provide rich soil for crops to feed the vast population.

• 60% of Chinas workers work on farms but farming is hard because so much of western China is made up of mountains and deserts. China still manages to grow enough food to feed it’s people.

• The eastern river basins of China produces crops such as rice, maize, wheat, and sweet potatoes.

• Farmers in the southern east of China can grow two or more crops on the same land during each year.

The Industrial EconomyThe Industrial Economy• Northeast is the heartland of China’s industrial economy.

This is where they manafacture important resources such as coal, iron ore, and oil. The Northeast also has better transportation systems than the rest of the country.

• China has developed heavy industries, such as steel and machinery, as well as great consumers.

Chinese InventionsChinese Inventions• The Chinese

invented many things such as paper, printing, and gunpowder.

• Other inventions were the compass, porcelain, and silk cloth.

Religious and Ethical TraditionsReligious and Ethical Traditions• China has three major religions or ethical traditions. Those three religions

are Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism. • Confucius , a Chinese philosopher, believed that the importance of order,

education, and a well ordered society is called Confucianism.• Taoism comes from a book based on the teaching of Lao-tzu. He believed

that Taoism should be about the importance of preserving and restoring harmony in the individual and in the universe. Also about the government leaving the people alone and do as little as possible.

• Buddhism came from India and grew in China as an important religion.

Population PatternsPopulation Patterns

• Chinas population in the year 2000 was about 1.3 billion. • Many of China’s 22 provinces have more people than

entire countries. • Between 30 and 40 Chinese cities have populations of

more than one million people.

Health CareHealth Care• One of Chinas great achievements since 1950 has been to

provide health care for its enormous population.• People make use of Chinas medicine such as herbal

remedies. • Chinese Doctors also use western medicine to treat

diseases.

Japan

Samurai and Shogun• Shogun were powerful

military leaders that owned land in feudal Japan

• Samurai were trained soldiers that were hired by the Shogun to protect their land

• Shogun made provinces and appointed governors called Daimyo to rule them

An Economic Powerhouse

• Japan is second to the United States in its economy• 75% of Japanese people live in cities• Most of the economic activity lies along the east

coast of the main island of Honshu• Japan’s economy is based on manufacturing and

trade• Japan’s economic success is due to its strong alliance

between business and government• When other countries in east Asia became more

advanced Japan’s economy slowed down

Japanese Culture• Japanese culture includes

the east and west• Much of traditional

Japanese culture is influenced by China

• Japanese architecture shows a blend between man made and natural things

• There are many traditional Japanese plays

• Western sports and music are popular in Japan, as well as the clothes they wear

Education

• Education is highly valued in Japan

• Students often go to school 6 days a week and have a shorter summer vacation

• There is extremely high competition to get into good colleges

MONGOLIA

AND TAIWAN

HISTORY/ MONGOLIA EMPIRE

• In 1206, a great leader named Temujin (later called Genghis Khan) united the Mongol clans and led them in conquering much of Asia.• The Mongols created the largest unified land empire in

history.• Genghis Khan died in 1227, having conquered all of

Central Asia and begun the conquest of China. He was succeeded by his son Ogadai.• The Mongol Empire broke up in the 1300s. Eventually the

Chinese gained control of Mongolia in the 17th century.

CULTURES OF MONGOLIA AND TAIWAN

• China has been the source for many of the important ideas and inventions that have shaped Mongolia and Taiwan and the rest of the region.• Mongolia has both ruled and been ruled by China. Two Very Different Economies: Raising livestock, a part of the nomadic life, is at

the core of the Mongolian economy. Taiwan is an island, trade key to its economy.

ECONOMIC PROSPECTS FOR MONGOLIA

• A large part of the population of Mongolia still engages in herding and managing livestock.• The transition has been difficult as the country

has turned increasingly from a soviet style managed economy to a free market economy.• Mongolia has large deposits of fuels such as

coal and petroleum.

TAIWAN’S ECONOMIC SUCCESS

• Taiwan has one of the world’s most successful economies.• Taiwan’s prosperity is based on its strong

manufacturing industries and its trade with other nations.• Taiwan is considered one of the economic

tigers of Asia, along with Singapore and South Korea.

Economic tiger : is a nation that has rapid economic

growth due to cheap labor, high technology, and aggressive exports.

DAILY LIFE IN MONGOLIA AND TAIWAN

• The people of Mongolia were Nomads who guided their animals from grassland to grassland.• The climate is extreme.

Long, cold winters lasting six months alternate with short, hot summers of only 2 months.• Bad weather can kill

animals from intense cold starvation.

• Taiwan has opened itself to many western influences. • Baseball became

popular in Taiwan and in other parts of Asia.• The island has many

universities and about 30 daily newspapers. • The population is

well-educated.

The daily life of people in Mongolia and Taiwan shows traditional influences as well as modern influences.

The Koreas: North And South

Ancient Korea And Foreign Influences

The ancestors of today's Koreans probably migrated from North China thousands of years ago.

About 2000 B.C., 'Chosen' became Korea's first state.

Around 100 B.C, conquered the northern half of Korea, but the Koreans gradually won back their territory.

The Three Kingdoms

By the late 300's Korea consisted of 3 kingdoms. These were Koguryo – in the northeast, Paekche- in the southwest, and Silla- in the southeast. In the 660's Silla conquered the other two kingdoms and controlled all of Korea for hundreds of years.

In 1392, General Yi Songgye became ruler of Korea. He created a dynasty that lasted until 1910 when Japan conquered Korea.

Japan ruled until defeated in World War II (1945)

Korea Divided

After Japan was defeated in the war, the northern part of Korea was controlled by the Soviet Union, and the southern part was supported by the United States.

In 1950, North Korea invaded South Korea, starting the Korean War.

The war ended in 1953 with a treaty that divided Korea into the Communist state of North Korea, and the democratic country of South Korea.

In the year 2000, North and South Korea began discussions on reuniting

Influences on Korean Culture

China has influenced Korean culture by way of language, art, and religion. Korea adopted Confucianism, and Buddhism from the Chinese.

Since World War II, Communism has molded the culture of North Korea. The government only allows art that glorifies communism or the folk tradition.

Non- Communist South Korea has been greatly influenced by Western culture. South Korean artists have more freedom of expression. They work with themes drawn from their own history and culture, as well as those drawn from Western art.

Moving Toward Unity

The most important development between the Koreas is the movement toward unification. However, the North and South must overcome years of mutual hostility.

North and South Korea both have large armies because of the possibility of war. Along the North South border, there are almost 2 million troops on both sides.

In June of 2000, as a sign of hope, the leaders of the Koreas declared their intention to reunite by marching into the Olympic Stadium under a new flag designed for a single, unified Korea.

Economic and Human Resources

Before the Korean War, the economy of both North and South Korea were agricultural.

After the war, industry gained an importance in both countries.

If North and South Korea reunite, they would form an economic powerhouse!

South Korea has 45% of Korea's land area but, about 66% of its people (Seoul) has a population of more than 10 million, while the largest city in North Korea, Pyongyang, has more than .25 million people.