ChinaChina

Explain the events that led to the Explain the events that led to the establishment of communism in China:establishment of communism in China:

Chiang Kai-shek:

• Nationalist Party leader• Backed by the United States

Mao Zedong:

• Communist Party leader• Backed by Chinese People

After World War IIAfter World War II

After World War II, Mao Zedong and his communist party took power

Proclaimed “People's Republic of China”

Nationalist forces fled to the island of Taiwan -"Republic of China”

People’s Republic of ChinaPeople’s Republic of ChinaTried to follow Stalin’s program

1956 “Hundred Flowers Bloom”

1957 “Great Leap Forward”

1966 - 1969 “Cultural Revolution”

Killed 60-100 million

Foreign AffairsForeign Affairs Invaded Tibet in 1950

Broke with the USSR in 1962

Resented the USA over Taiwan

USA refused to seat China at the UN

1971 - Ping-Pong Diplomacy USA and China begin a thaw

Deng XiaopingDeng Xiaoping

Four Modernizations Opened China to limited

capitalism “It doesn’t matter

whether the cat is black or white, as long as it catches mice.”

1989 Tiananmen Square protests

Identify events that caused the Korean Identify events that caused the Korean War:War:

Korea divided following WWII: -North – Soviet controlled-South – American controlled

North invades across the border, the 38th parallel (in June 1950)

U.S. and UN support South Korea (trying to contain communism), calling the North an “aggressor nation.”

Explain the events that took place during Explain the events that took place during the Korean War:the Korean War:

The U.S. and South Korea faced major setbacks early, giving up almost all of South Korea by September.

In mid-September, the U.S./UN forces launched a counterattack led by General Douglas MacArthur at Inch’on, and pushed the North Koreans close to the Chinese border.

In November, China entered the war for North Korea, and helped the communist North regain momentum, re-establishing a border near the 38th parallel (the original border).

By the summer of 1951, the sides were locked in a stalemate, continuing for almost two year. In 1953, negotiators agreed to an armistice, with Korea being divided into two nations around the 38th parallel- the original border. The war left 54,000 Americans dead, 103,000 wounded.

Vietnam WarVietnam War

Motivations for U.S. InvolvementMotivations for U.S. Involvement

League for the Independence of Vietnam (Vietminh)

Ho Chi Minh

Dien Bien Phu (1954)

Geneva Conference (1955)

Ngo Dinh Diem

American military advisors

Downfall of DiemDownfall of Diem

As Buddhist leaders opposed Diem’s rule

extreme protests practicing self-immolation

Diem resistance

U.S. officials encourage S.V. military to overthrow Diem.

Examples of self-immolationExamples of self-immolation

Downfall of DiemDownfall of Diem

Rebels from the military overthrew Diem in early November 1963, killing Diem and his brother before U.S. advisors could take Diem out of the country.

Gradually Increasing American Gradually Increasing American Involvement in VietnamInvolvement in Vietnam

Kennedy military advisors authorized direct combat with Vietcong when attacked

Johnson Tonkin Gulf Resolution “all necessary measures” Operation Rolling Thunder New weapons – napalm, defoliants, cluster bombs

Nixon Vietnamization “peace with honor” Cambodia increased the aggression against North Vietnam and Cambodia

The Tet OffensiveThe Tet Offensive

January 30, 1968 – The Vietnamese New Year, called Tet

Vietcong and NV soldiers attacked cities, military bases, and villages

U.S. held off attacks, but moral victory for communists

Recognize the end results of the Vietnam Recognize the end results of the Vietnam Conflict.Conflict.

January 1973 – a cease fire

1975 – South Vietnamese government collapsed

North Vietnamese troops overran the south

Remaining Americans had to evacuate

South Vietnam surrendered in April 1975, and Vietnam was unified under communist rule.

SummarySummary

China tried to follow the Soviet model, but after Mao dies, it breaks with it

Korean and Vietnam War examples of American military involvement for containment, with mixed results