china disadvantage supplement - gmu 2013

8/11/2019 China Disadvantage Supplement - GMU 2013

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***NEG-China Disadvantage***

***NEG-China Disadvantage*** ................................................................................................................. 1China Disadvantage- Uniqueness- China/Cuba Coop .................................................................................. 2China Disadvantage- Relations high now ..................................................................................................... 4

China Disadvantage- Uniqueness- China/US Coop ...................................................................................... 5China Disadvantage- Uniqueness- Relations Low ........................................................................................ 8China Disadvantage- Link-Generic .............................................................................................................. 9China Disadvantage- Link-Backlash .......................................................................................................... 10China Disadvantage- Brink-Relations ........................................................................................................ 12China Disadvantage- Impact Ext. ............................................................................................................... 16China Disadvantage- Impact- Generic ........................................................................................................ 18China Disadvantage- A2 Cyber Attack ....................................................................................................... 19China Disadvantage- Impact Brink-Relations ............................................................................................ 20China Disadvantage- A2 Snowden ............................................................................................................. 21***AFF ANSWERS*** ............................................................................................................................. 23AFF answers- China Disadvantage- No Coop ............................................................................................ 24

AFF answers- China Disadvantage- Relations Low ................................................................................... 25AFF answers- China Disadvantage- Impact ............................................................................................... 27AFF answers- China Disadvantage- Plan Key ............................................................................................ 28AFF answers- China Disadvantage- Link ................................................................................................... 29AFF answers- China Disadvantage- Alt Cause ........................................................................................... 30


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China Disadvantage- Uniqueness- China/Cuba Coop

China already acts unilaterally with CubaChina Daily, Chinese Daily Newspaper,6-18-13 (Zhao Yanrong and Wu Jiao, "Cuban official's visitexpected to bolster links", www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2013-06/18/content_16631891.htm) CTL

"China-Cuba relations have entereda new stage of all-round development. We should promote mutually beneficial cooperation and culturaland educational exchanges between the two countries," Li sa id. Diaz-Canel said Cuba has a traditional friendship with China,resulting in Beijing

being the first stop on his Asian trip. He said the trip will further enhance the good relations between the two countries and theirpeoples. "Cuba attaches strategic importance to the relations with China, and we want to constantly enhance the cooperation with Chinain many fields such as trade, culture, education and technology," he said. Liu Yuqin, a researcher of Latin American studies at the China Foundation for InternationalStudies and a former Chinese ambassador to Cuba, Ecuador and Chile, said more high- level contact is good for both countries. President Xi Jinping visited Cuba in

2011 when he was vice-president, while Cuban President Raul Castro visited Beijing in 2012. Liu said economic cooperation between China and Cuba ha s been very

close. China is Cuba's second-largest trading partner, while Cuba is the largest trade partner for China amongallCaribbean countries.

China/Latin American relations are improving now

Xinhuanet 5/30/13

(Xinhuanet China-Latin America economic cooperation gains momentum: MOC Xinhuanet

5/30/13http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2013-05/30/c_132420425.htm accessed

6/27/13)

Economic and trade cooperation between China and Latin America has gained momentum and been

applied to more sectors, a spokesman for China's Ministry of Commerce (MOC) sa id on Thursday. Shen Danyang said the rapid trade growth has

benefited the economic development of both sides, and interdependent trade relations between

China and Latin America has been developed. China is the third-largest trade partner for Latin

America after the United States and the European Union. The two-way trade's volume reached

261.2 billion U.S. dollars in 2012, up 8.2 percent year on year, according to China's General

Administration of Customs.

China and Cuba relations are growingleaving U.S. out of ties

Xinhua 13

http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90883/8289889.html,Chinese President meets Cuban VP on stronger ties, 6/19/13

Chinese President Xi Jinping on Tuesday met with Miguel Diaz-Canel, Cuban first vice-president of the councils of

state and ministers. Xi asked Diaz-Canel to convey his greetings to Cuban President Raul Castro and former leader

Fidel Castro. Xi reviewed the growth of China-Cuba relations since the two countries forged diplomatic relations in

1960, particularly the increasingly mature relations and robust cooperation since the beginning of the 21st

century.The Communist Party of China (CPC) and the Chinese government cherish its friendship with Cuba. It

would like to maintain bilateral high-level exchange of visits, increase party-to-party exchange and experience

sharing on state governance, enhance political trust, deepen mutual understanding, expand pragmatic cooperation

and promote their own development and common prosperity, Xi said. China would like to work more closely withCuba on international and regional issues and promote fairness and justice of the international community, Xi said.

Xi said he witnessed vigor and potential of the Latin America and Caribbean region during his visit earlier this

month. China would like a good partnership with Latin American and Caribbean countries, featuring political trust,

economic cooperation and cultural mutual learning, Xi said. The Chinese leader called for stronger cooperation

between China and Latin America through a comprehensive cooperation mechanism with China-Latin American

Cooperation Forum at the core. China appreciates Cuba's efforts to promoting China-Latin America relations and

expects growth of relations during Cuba's role as the rotating chair of Community of Latin American and Caribbean
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China Disadvantage- Relations high now

Latin American relations with China are already high

China.org 6/8/13

(China Xi's visit to Latin America enhances relations China.org 6/8/13

http://www.china.org.cn/opinion/2013-06/08/content_29068091.htm accessed 6/27/13)

Burgeoning trade relations between China and Latin America is the major driving force for

improved ties between the two. China is now Latin America's second largest trading partner and

major investment source. It is also the largest trading partner of Brazil and Chile and second

largest trading partner of Argentina, Mexico, Peru and Venezuela. The value of trade between

China and Latin America exceeded US$250 billion by 2012, with Latin America becoming

China's second largest foreign investment destination.

US-China relations high now

Ching 09

Frank, Hong Kong-based journalist and commentator, http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-

bin/eo20091126fc.html, U.S.-China relations shifting, The Japan Times, 11/26/09.Observers analyzing the visit ofU.S. President Barack Obama to China, not unnaturally, looked for signs of ashift in the world balance of powerand they found them. For one thing, the American leader was noticeablyrespectful of his Chinese hosts and did not attempt to lecture them, at least not in public and probably not in privateas well. And the Chinese side finally got what it had wanted for 30 yearsbeing treated as an equal by the

United States. Of course, the shift in the balance of power does not mean that China is going to replace theU.S. as a global hegemon. It does mean, however, that China will play a much bigger role in world affairs. Duringthe Bush administration, Beijing was told that it had to learn to be a responsible stakeholder. Now, it is learning thatit has to pay a price for a bigger voice in world affairsthe assumption of additional responsibilities. Power andresponsibility go together. A joint statement issued by the two countries shows the extent to which they now share a

common world view. They reviewed global issues from the Middle East to South Asia, from the global economicrecovery to climate change. Each acknowledged the right, indeed the responsibility, of the other to deal with globalissues. "The two sides noted that, at a time when the international environment is undergoing complex and profoundchanges, the U.S. and China share a responsibility to cooperatively address regional and global security challenges,"they said. In the joint statement, the U.S. "welcomes a strong, prosperous and successful China that plays a greaterrole in world affairs," addressing China's concerns of American attempts to frustrate its rise. On its part, China

declared that it "welcomes the U.S. as an Asia-Pacific nation that contributes to peace, stability and

prosperity in the region," thus ameliorating American fears that a rising China would attempt to squeeze itout of the region. In this emerging world order, both the U.S. and China will have to make adjustments.Washington, known for its predilections for unilateralism, will have to pay greater heed to the interests of China andother countries. And China will have to play a global leadership role to which it is unaccustomed. The late leaderDeng Xiaoping warned his successors to keep a low profile and never take the lead, and China largely hewed to thiscourse over the last two decades. But as the country has grown to become the world's third-largest economysoonto become the second-largest after overtaking Japanit will have to come to terms with an unaccustomed newrole. In this new role, it will be difficult for China to be a follower in the international community, going along withmajority views. Indeed, China will have to moderate its oft-stated policy of noninterference in other countries'internal affairs. This is implied in the joint statement, where the two countries agree that they "share increasinglyimportant common responsibilities of major issues concerning global stability and prosperity" and agree to

"work together to tackle challenges, and promote world peace, security and prosperity.
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China Disadvantage- Uniqueness- China/US Coop

China and US cooperating in Latin America Now - Summits proveYi, staff writer for English News, China, 6-9-13 (Yang, Xi, Obama agree to maintain coordination onhotspot issues in Asia-Pacific, xinhuanet, news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2013-

06/09/c_132443683.htm) CTLHe urged relevant parties to adopt a responsible attitude, stop provocation and return to talks as early as possible so as to properly solve theissues. The two leaders also agreed to support regional economic integration in the Asia-Pacific, to promote regionalconnectivity, and to enhance cooperation in multilateral regional frameworks,Yang said.The Xi-Obama summit and the precedingthree-nation tour in Latin America have shown that China is committed to the promotion of trans-Pacificcooperation, said Yang, who previously served as China's foreign minister."The summit meeting and the visits also demonstrateChina's willingness to work jointly with countries within or beyond the Asia-Pacific region to maintain peace andstability and promote common development in the region, " Yang added. Xi left California for home Saturday afternoon after hismeeting with Obama. Before his U.S. trip, Xi visited Trinidad and Tobago, Costa Rica and Mexico.

Cooperation nowXi Jinping is willing to cooperateQingchuan, staff writer for World News, 5-31-13 (Yang, Commentary: Xi's Americas tour shows

balanced approach, innovative style, Accessed on Lexus Nexus,http://www.lexisnexis.com.mutex.gmu.edu/hottopics/lnacademic/)

Xi Jinping's just-started journey tothe west hemisphere will be his first tour to Latin Americaas Chinese president.Meanwhile, hisJune 7-8 talks with his U.S. counterpart Barack Obama at Sunnylands estate, California, will also be the first summitbetween the world's two largest economies after both countries underwent leadership transition.As many global observershave noticed, Xi's visit is unprecedented in its itinerary and other arrangements for a Chinese head of state , which evince a balanced approachtoward both developing and developed nations, as well as an innovative diplomacy style of the new Chinese leadership . Instead of competing with otherworld powers for the so-called "spheres of influence," Beijing is seeking pragmatic cooperation for mutual benefitwhen building rapport with Latin American countries,which is conducive to the region's social stability and economic growth.

China, US, and Latin America begin to work together

Shifter,President of Inter-American Dialouge, 13,[Michael, "China and Latin America", Inter-American Dialouge, Not Specified, AAH] http://www.americasquarterly.org/content/latin-america-goes-global-0

The Dialogues China and Latin America program engages and informs academics, policy makers, and private sector leaders from China, Latin America, and theUnited States on evolving themes in China-Latin America relations. We seek to determine areas of interest, identify shared priorities, and establish various means by

which emerging relationships can be made productive for a ll countries involved. Since 2004, and President Hu Jintao's historic visit to the region, Chinas

interactions in Latin America have expandedfar beyond initial Taiwan-related diplomatic

engagement. Chinaspolitical and trade-based ties with Latin America have flourished over the

past decade, producingsubstantial economic benefits for China and its principal trade partners in Latin

America.Over the past few years, however, China has moved beyond initial trade-based contact toward more complex diplomatic, cultural, and investment-

related interactions. As a result, a number of new themes and questions are emerging. Chinese and Latin American governments have

yet tosatisfactorily understand one another's interests or to fully determine the implications of

increasingly complex Sino-Latin American relationships. Nor have Latin American countries taken full advantage of the range ofopportunities emerging from enhanced relations with China. Our working group,program events, and publications aim to address

perceived challenges by forging the basis for constructive, mutually beneficial relations between

China, Latin America, and the United States over the long term.

China and US are successfully working towards a peaceful future

Lawrence, Specialist in Asian Affairs, 2013, [Susan V, "U.S.-China Relations: Policy Issues",Congressional Research Services, 6-14, AAH]http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R41108.pdf
http://www.lexisnexis.com.mutex.gmu.edu/hottopics/lnacademic/http://www.lexisnexis.com.mutex.gmu.edu/hottopics/lnacademic/http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R41108.pdfhttp://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R41108.pdfhttp://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R41108.pdfhttp://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R41108.pdfhttp://www.lexisnexis.com.mutex.gmu.edu/hottopics/lnacademic/


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Other economic concerns for the United States include Chinas indigenous innovationindustrialpolicies, its weak protections for intellectual property rights, and its currency policy. The United States

has differed with China over approaches to combating climate change, while cooperating withChina in the development of clean energy technologies.Human rights remains one of the thorniestareas of the relationship, with the United States pressing China to ease restrictions on freedom of speech,internet freedom, religious and ethnic minorities, and labor rights, and Chinas leaders suspicious that the

United States real goal is to end Communist Party rule. Hanging over the relationship is the largerquestion of whether, as China grows in economic and military power, the United States and China canmanage their relationship in such a way as to avoid debilitating rivalry and conflict that haveaccompanied the rise of new powers in previous eras. On a visit to the United States in February 2012, XiJinping, who became Chinas top leader later in the year, proposed that the two countries establisha new type of great power relationship that explicitly seeks to avoid conflict. President Obama hasaccepted the challenge. He describeda June 7-8, 2013, summitwith Xi in Rancho Mirage, CA, as an

opportunity for conversations about how we can forge a new model of cooperation between

countries based on mutual interest and mutual respect.1 Some principles for this new modelU.S.-China relationship are already in place.The Obama Administration has repeatedly assured Chinathat it welcomes a strong, prosperous and successful China that plays a greater role in world affairs, andChina has stated that it welcomes the United States as an Asia-Pacific nation that contributes to peace,

stability, and prosperity in the region.2 But the new model remains a work in progress, with manyobservers in both Washington and Beijing noting deep mistrust on both sides of the U.S.-Chinarelationship. China has been keen to promote what it calls a new type of great power relations with theUnited States. In the words of Chinas President Xi,China and the United States must find a new pathone that is different from the inevitable confrontation and conflict between the major countries of the past.And that is to say the two sides must work together to build a new model of major country relationshipbased on mutual respect and win-win cooperation.22The Obama Administration has accepted the premiseof the need to forge a new kind of relationship with China. As noted above, President Obama embracedthe idea explicitly in June 2013, when he stated that he saw his summit meeting with President Xi as anopportunity to discuss how we can forge a new model of cooperation between countries based on mutualinterest and mutual respect.23 Statements from the Chinese side have made clear, however, just howchallenging it could be to build such a new kind of relationship.

The U.S. Ambassadorto China Gary Locke, a former Secretary of Commerce, has worked hard toovercome that impression, explicitly stating that, America welcomes Chinese investment,and notingat investment seminars around China that only a small handful of Chinese investments are reviewed onnational security grounds each year.137 According to the Heritage Foundation, which maintains a runningcount of Chinese firms troubled transactions overseas as part of a project tracking global Chineseoverseas investment, 2 of 16 failed Chinese overseas transactions worldwide in 2012 involved the UnitedStates. In 2011, the count was 1 out of 19.138

United States/China Relations improving now

CNN NEWS 6/93/13

(CNN Despite tensions, U.S., Chinese leaders talk of forging 'new model' in relations 6/9/13

http://www.cnn.com/2013/06/07/politics/us-china-summit-cyber-spying/Accessed 6/27/13 )

Even after months of tensions over alleged cyberattacks, the leaders of China and the United

States struck positive tones in a two-day summit that ended Saturday in the sweltering heat of the

California desert as both talked of forging a "new model" for their relations going forward.

"We're meeting here today to chart the future of China-U.S. relations," Chinese President Xi

Jinping said. "...We need to think creatively and act energetically so that working together we

can build a new model of major country relationship." The summit at the Annenberg Retreat at

Sunnylands, just outside Palm Springs, comes less than three months after Xi rose to his current
http://www.cnn.com/2013/06/07/politics/us-china-summit-cyber-spying/http://www.cnn.com/2013/06/07/politics/us-china-summit-cyber-spying/http://www.cnn.com/2013/06/07/politics/us-china-summit-cyber-spying/


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post. Both he and U.S. President Barack Obama pointed out their meeting is happening sooner

than some expected, a testament they said to both men's recognition of the importance of solid

relations between the two countries. And both heads of state, who met last year in Washington

when Xi was China's vice president, spoke of pursuing policies that furthers their nation's

respective interests. From Obama's perspective -- even taking into account "healthy economic

competition" between the two powers -- that means seeing China continue to grow. "It is in theUnited States' interest that China continues on the path of success, because we believe that a

peaceful and stable and prosperous china is not only good for Chinese but also good for the

world and for the United States," he said. The U.S. president did allude to the fact "areas of

tensions" are inevitable, highlighted his nation's commitment to human rights, and its support for

"an international economic order where nations are playing by the same rules." "And ... the

United States and China (can) work together to address issues like cybersecurity and the

protection of intellectual property," he added.

China and the United States are cooperating now on clean energyZhaoResearch Assistant for IFFE 6/20/13(Yingzhen Why Is China Investing So Much in U.S. Solar and Wind? Insights 6/20/13http://insights.wri.org/news/2013/06/why-china-investing-so-much-us-solar-and-windaccessed6/27/13 )The worlds two largest greenhouse gas emittersthe United States and Chinahave been forging a growing bond incombating climate change. Just last week, President Obama and President Xi made alandmark agreementto work towards reducinghydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), a potent greenhouse gas. Andboththe United States and China areleading global investment and development of clean energy. The United States invested $30.4billion and added 16.9 GW of wind and solar capacity in 2012. China invested $58.4 billion andadded 19.2 GW in capacity.U.S.-China cooperation on clean energy was the topic of discussion at an event last week at the Woodrow WilsonInternational Centers China Environment Forum. Experts from the World Resources Institute and the AmericanCouncil on Renewable Energy (ACORE) looked at this cooperation from a seldom-discussedviewpointChinas renewable energy investments in the United States.
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China Disadvantage- Uniqueness- Relations Low

China U.S. relations bad- Snowden

Bruce, staff writer, 6-24-13 (Mary, Hong Kongs Deliberate Choice to Release Snowden DamagesUS-China Relationship, White House Says, ABC NEWSabcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2013/06/hong-

kongs-deliberate-choice-to-release-snowden-damages-us-china-relationship-white-house-says/) CTL

Hong Kong authoritiesmade a deliberate choice to release fugitive NSA whistleblower Edward Snowden and have damaged U.S.-Chinese relations as a result, White House Press Secretary Jay Carney said today.We are just not buying that this was a technical decision by aHong Kong immigration official, Carney told reporters at the daily br iefing. This was a deliberate choice by the government to release a fugitivedespite a valid arrest warrant, and that decision unquestionably has a negative impact on the U.S.-China relationship.Carneywould not, however, speculate about the repercussions for U.S. -China relations.The Chinese have emphasized the importance of building mutual trust and wethink that they have dealt that e ffort a serious setback, Carney said. If we cannot count on them to honor their legal extradition obligations, then there is a problem.

And that is a point we are making to them very directly.


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China Disadvantage- Link-Generic

American relations with China are better than ever but the plan would cause us to lose

what little we have

Lawrence, Specialist in Asian Affairs, 2013, [Susan V, "U.S.-China Relations: Policy Issues",

Congressional Research Services, 6-14, AAH]http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R41108.pdf

Congress faces important questions about what sort o f relationship the United States should have with China and how the United Stat es should respond to Chinasrise. After 30 years of fast-paced economic growth, Chinas economy is now the second-largest in the world a fter the United States. With economic success, Chinahas developed significant global strategic clout. It is also engaged in an ambitious military modernization drive, including development of extended-range power

projection capabilities and such advanced weapons as a carrier killer anti -ship ballistic missile (ASBM). At home, it continues to suppress all perceived challengesto the Communist Partys monopoly on power. In previous eras, the rise of new powers has often produced conflict. President Obama and Chinas leader Xi Jinping

have embraced the challenge of establishing a new s tyle great power relationship that avoids such an outcome. The Obama Administration has

repeatedly assured China that the United States welcomes a strong, prosperous and successful

China that plays a greater role in world affairs, and that the United States does not seek to prevent

Chinas re- emergence as a great power. Washington has wrestled, however, with how to engage China on issues affecting stability andsecurity in the Asia-Pacific region. Issues of concern for Washington include the intentions behind Chinas military modernization program, China s use of its

paramilitary forces and military in disputes with its neighbors over territorial claims in the South China Sea and East China Sea, and its continuing threat to use force

to bring Taiwan under its control. With U.S.-China military-to-military ties fragile, Washington has struggled to

convince Beijing that the U.S. policy of rebalancing toward the Asia Pacific is not intended to

contain China.The two countries have cooperated, with mixed results, to address nuclear proliferation concerns related to Ira n and North Korea.While working with China to revive the global economy, the United States has also wres tled with how to persuade China to addr ess economic policies and activities

the United States sees as denying a level playing field to U.S. firms tradi ng with and operating in China. At the top of the U.S. agenda is commercial

cyber espionage that the U.S. government says appears to be directly attributable to the Chinese

government and military.
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R41108.pdfhttp://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R41108.pdfhttp://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R41108.pdfhttp://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R41108.pdf


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China Disadvantage- Link-Backlash

US and China effectively cooperating, plan pits the two counties against eachotherHaibin, Niu Haibin is a Research Fellow at the Shanghai Institutes for International Studies, 6-23, ["Niu,

"Latin America's Rising Status in teh Sino-US Relationship", China US Focus, 6-23-13, AAH]http://www.chinausfocus.com/foreign-policy/latin-americas-rising-status-in-the-sino-us-relationship/

One interesting thing for international observers recentlyis that Latin America and the Caribbean has become a common

foreign priority for both the newly established administrations in the US and China. Both President Xi and President Obama made anoverlapping trip to Latin America with an economic agenda. Both countries vice presidents a lso made visits to several South American countries. The Brazilian

President Dilma Rousseff was invited to make a state visit that will be the only one for the White House this year. The other impressive achievement is a $300 billionbilateral currency swap agreement signed by Brazil and China during President Xis attendance at the Fifth BRICS Summit in March. Furthermore, a forum on LatinAmerica has been established at the Boao Forum for Asia this year. Considering the daunt ing challenges facing both China and the U.S. in other regions their newly

found interest in Latin America is impressive, but the reasons and context behind this interest is different. For the Obama administration's

second term, it is a major policy adjustment rather than a policy continuation to focus on Latin

America. Since 9/11, counter-terrorism efforts, the international financial crisis, and the p ivot to Asia have occupied the majority of the U.S. foreign policy

agenda. Subsequently, Latin America has been an overlooked region for more than a decade. The Obama administrations first term

tried to improve its relationship with the region, but faced setbacks because of its policies on Cuba,

immigration and anti-drug issues. Instead, the regional approach must be shifted to a bilateral,

country-by-country approach.There Obama administrations policy shift in Latin America can be

explained by two factors: the rediscovered importance of Latin America to the United States

economic recovery and Latin Americas position as a promising regioncould allow US engagement to make visibleachievements. First, in the 2012 presidential debates, Republican candidate Mitt Romney criticized Obama's Latin American policy and treated the Latin Americaneconomy as an alternative to China, arguing to s trengthen US trade with the region. This argument obviously had an impact on Obamas second term agenda and

Latin American policy. Second, following the same logic of its pivot to the Asia Pacific, Latin America is a stable and promising

region the U.S. cant afford to overlook. Achievements in US relations with Latin America will also help Democrats win future presidentialelections considering the increasing influence of Latinos in domestic politics. In regards to President Xis Latin American p olicy, it is more a continuation than an

adjustment of policy. In the past decade, the Sino-Latin American relationship has witnessed a golden

period of development. China is the second largest trading partner for Latin America; its demand for raw materials and primary products has bothimproved Latin American countries terms of trade and contributed to the regions better performance in dealing with the recent international financial crisis.Additionally, President Xi has worked to deepen the ties by addressing potential challenges, strengthening this promising relationship. China raised its strategic

partnerships with Peru and Mexico to comprehensive strategic ones. Mutual investment, financial cooperation and open trade are being paid more attention from the

Chinese side. One aim of Chinas recent diplomacy is to establish a Sino -Latin American Dialogue Forum, which has rece ived positive supports from Brazil, Mexico,and other countries within the region. Now, it is necessary to understand how this strengthening interest by the US

and China in Latin America could impact the Sino-US relationship as well as Latin America as a

whole. From a geopolitical perspective, both sides have some arguments to dilute each others influence globally. However, policy influence of such arguments isvery limited. It is natural for both world powers diplomatic agendas to intersect. One noteworthy argument from Chinese side is that China should enhance its

engagement with regions outside of Asia as the US pivot to the Asia Pacific atte mpts to contain China. This argument should b e interpreted to explore the diplomaticspace available for China as a g lobal power rather than to counter US hegemony. Also, China needs to understand the recent intensive American engagement withLatin America by following the same logic. In fact, both countries demonstrated their pragmatic spirit and economic-oriented approach during their recentengagements with Latin America. The most cited achievement about President Xi's visit to Mexico was that China agreed to resume imports of Mexican pork and to

import tequila. Similar review was also given to President Obamas visit to Mexico by arguing the trip was to focus on economic cooperation rather than drug issues.

This is a good posture considering that no Latin American country wants to choose side between the US and China.Ultimately, Latin American countries benefit from cooperation with the worlds two largest markets. Although both countries are trying to avoid geopolitical

competition, it is important to manage their interaction in Latin America. At the bilateral level, the United States and China have

held several strategic dialogues on Latin American affairs since 2006.The purpose of the dialogue is

to enhance mutual trust and prevent miscalculations by interpreting their engagements with Latin

America. This continual dialogue can help interpret why the US government holds a positive attitude to Chinas increasing ties with Latin America despite somevery conservative and suspicious attitudes in the US. The US has showed its support to both Chinas permanent observer status in the Organization of American States

and Chinas membership at the Inter-American Development Bank. To build a more positive and constructive interaction

among the US, China and Latin America, the key is to hold a mutually beneficial and win-win

attitude to the trilateral relationship. First, to respect the growing independence of Latin America per se is important for both the US and

China in furthering their engagement with the region. Second, both the US and China should build a development

partnership to address Latin Americas sustainable development concerns. In doing so, the region

has more chances to see a more hopeful future.
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China Disadvantage- Brink-RelationsUS, China relations on the Brink - Cybersecurity threatens Americans ability to cooperate

in Latin America

The Econimist 6-8-13(Here we go again, President Xi Jinping shows interest in reviving ties withAmerica. How far is he prepared to go?, The Economist, www.economist.com/news/china/21579043-

president-xi-jinping-shows-interest-reviving-ties-america-how-far-he-prepared) CTL

AFTER his historic meeting with Mao Zedong in 1972, Richard Nixon wrote in his diary of what he called probably the most moving momentof the hour-long encounter: the chairman clasping the American leaders hand for about a minute as they sat talking. Such sparks of personalchemistry are what Chinas new president, Xi Jinping, and Barack Obama may be hoping to recreate during an informal summit on June 7th and8th.As The Economist went to press Mr Xi was winding up a week-long visit to Latin America and the Caribbean (see article) before headingon to meet Mr Obama at Sunnylands, an estate in the desert town of Rancho Mirage, California, that once belonged to Walter Annenberg, a

publisher. Never before has such a prolonged informal encounter between the two countries leaders been scheduled (dress code: no neckties).Its rarity and its timing so early in Mr Xis presidency suggest a recognition by both countries that their relationship badl y needs new zest.

Relations have become increasingly strained by American allegations of Chinese government involvement in thewidespread hacking of American computer systems(see article) and signs of greater assertiveness by China in its maritime disputeswith American allies in the western Pacific. China is worried by Americas security pivot towards Asia. Americanofficials are encouraged, however, by Mr Xis willingness to engage in such freewheeling diplomacy . Hispredecessor, Hu Jintao, shunned it, preferring to stick to formal agendas. Before Mr Hu, Jiang Zemin pressed for, andeventually secured, an informal summit with George W. Bush at his ranch in Crawford, Texas. But that meeting in 2002 was much briefer, and

Mr Jiang was just days away from stepping down. For the newly installed Mr Xi, the decision to engage in unscripteddiscussions spread over two days shows unusual confidence in his political grip and his mastery of a vital and highlycomplex area of foreign policy.


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China Disadvantage- Impact- Everything

China-US relations key to solving for all impactsecon, climate, prolif, terror, etc.Cohen, McGiffert and Greenberg 09(CSIS) William, former US secretary of defense and US senator, chairman and CEO of The Cohen

Group, CSIS Trustee, Carola, Senior fellow and director of CSIS smart power initiative, Maurice,Chairman and CEO of CV Starr & Co. inc, and former chairman of AIG,http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=8IFCpV3PSfwC&oi=fnd&pg=PR4&dq=US+china+relations+key+to+preventing+war&ots=HcAEGnP-o_&sig=OXAc7xzDe4LzrO3R7VXdEoVBT_0#v=onepage&q&f=false,Smart power in United States-China Relations pg. 1, 2009.The evolution of Sino-US relations over the next months, years and decades has the potential to have agreater impact on global security and prosperity than any other bilateral or multilateral arrangement. Inthis sense, many analysts consider the US-China diplomatic relationship to be the most influential in theworld. Without a question, strong and stable US alliances provide for the protection and promotion of USand global interests. Yet, within that broad framework, the trajectory of US-China relations willdetermine the success, or failure or effort to address the toughest global challenges: global financial

stability, energy security and climate change, nonproliferation, and terrorism, among other pressingissues. Shepherding that trajectory in the most constructive direction possible must therefore be a priorityfor Washington and Beijing. Virtually no major global challenge can be met without US-Chinacooperation
http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=8IFCpV3PSfwC&oi=fnd&pg=PR4&dq=US+china+relations+key+to+preventing+war&ots=HcAEGnP-o_&sig=OXAc7xzDe4LzrO3R7VXdEoVBT_0#v=onepage&q&f=falsehttp://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=8IFCpV3PSfwC&oi=fnd&pg=PR4&dq=US+china+relations+key+to+preventing+war&ots=HcAEGnP-o_&sig=OXAc7xzDe4LzrO3R7VXdEoVBT_0#v=onepage&q&f=falsehttp://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=8IFCpV3PSfwC&oi=fnd&pg=PR4&dq=US+china+relations+key+to+preventing+war&ots=HcAEGnP-o_&sig=OXAc7xzDe4LzrO3R7VXdEoVBT_0#v=onepage&q&f=falsehttp://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=8IFCpV3PSfwC&oi=fnd&pg=PR4&dq=US+china+relations+key+to+preventing+war&ots=HcAEGnP-o_&sig=OXAc7xzDe4LzrO3R7VXdEoVBT_0#v=onepage&q&f=falsehttp://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=8IFCpV3PSfwC&oi=fnd&pg=PR4&dq=US+china+relations+key+to+preventing+war&ots=HcAEGnP-o_&sig=OXAc7xzDe4LzrO3R7VXdEoVBT_0#v=onepage&q&f=falsehttp://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=8IFCpV3PSfwC&oi=fnd&pg=PR4&dq=US+china+relations+key+to+preventing+war&ots=HcAEGnP-o_&sig=OXAc7xzDe4LzrO3R7VXdEoVBT_0#v=onepage&q&f=falsehttp://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=8IFCpV3PSfwC&oi=fnd&pg=PR4&dq=US+china+relations+key+to+preventing+war&ots=HcAEGnP-o_&sig=OXAc7xzDe4LzrO3R7VXdEoVBT_0#v=onepage&q&f=false


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China Disadvantage- Impact- Econ

US-China cooperation has positive effects on global economyGarrett 12Dr. Banning Garrett is director of both the Asia Program and the Strategic Foresight Initiative at the

Atlantic Council,http://www.acus.org/new_atlanticist/where-next-us-china-relations, Where next forUS-China relations?, 2/23/12.Xis personality and background may lead him to gently move policy, when possible, toward greaterreform and openness and a more cooperative foreign policy-at least that is the hope of many Chineseintellectuals. If Xi and the Fifth Generation do move policy in this directionand if the US understandsand responds to reinforce such movesthen presumably this will be positive for US-China relations.Some Chinese fear Xi and his cohorts may rely more on the military and hardline nationalists in foreignpolicy and further strengthen state capitalism and protections, which would presumably lead to moretension in Chinas relations with the US and its neighbors. In my view, however, the future of the US-China relationship is likely to be less determined by leadership changes and more by the larger context ofthe relationship and the response of Chinese and American leaders to that context in their global,domestic and bilateral policies. Over the next ten years that Xi may be in power, the changing global

context will include many great challenges and threats that require global and bilateral cooperation,including the impact of climate change; food, water and other resource scarcities; continued upheaval inweak and failing states; the great disruptive challenges posed by demographic changes, includingpopulation growth, aging societies and youth bulges, and rapid urbanization; and the usual list ofterrorism, proliferation, international crime, and potential pandemics. Affected by and affecting all of theabove will be the future of the global economy and the need for the US and China to cooperate tomaintain and rebalance economic growth, as well as to prevent or minimize future destabilizing eventslike the 2008 financial crisis. Top Chinese and American leaders recognize that they are in the samestrategic boat and thatif they do not cooperate on these issues, both countries and the rest of the worldwill suffer severe economic, political, environmental and security consequences. The question is whetherleaders of the two countries can overcome domestic politics, special interests, and the pressure of near-term decision making focused on tactical differences and disputes rather than on common strategic

challenges.
http://www.acus.org/new_atlanticist/where-next-us-china-relationshttp://www.acus.org/new_atlanticist/where-next-us-china-relationshttp://www.acus.org/new_atlanticist/where-next-us-china-relationshttp://www.acus.org/new_atlanticist/where-next-us-china-relations


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China Disadvantage- Impact Ext.

The US- China relations are growing but the plan escalates tensions that lead to GNW

Ikenson, 1-29, [Daniel, "Reading the Tea Leaves on U.S.-China Economic Relations", Cato Institute, 1-29-13, AAH] http://www.cato.org/publications/commentary/reading-tea-leaves-us-china-economic-

relations?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=twitter&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+

The claim that the U.S.-China relationship will be the 21st centurys most importanthas become a clich

repeated at policy gatherings in Washington and Beij ing. It also happens to be the truth.For better or worse, the trajectory of that relationship will beestablished firmly before the next U.S. president takes the oath of office. If one were to predict the nature of the bilatera l relationship over the next few decades byextrapolating from trends during any six-year period between 1978 and 2006, expectations would be quite positive. Despite occasional frictions, the relationship borefruit for people in both countries and the broader geopolitical and philosophical differences between the U.S. and Chinese governments were, to a large extent,quarantined from infecting mutually beneficial economic re lations. That appears to be no longer the case. Although the massive economic relationship which

reached a record half trillion dollars of trade andinvestment flows in 2012is still mutually beneficial, the future of U.S.-China relations based on developmentsover the most recent six years appears more problematic. Today, it seems, most bilateral economic frictions are magnified through the prism of those geopolitical and

philosophical differences, making controversies seem larger and more intractable. In general, policymakers had been mostly we lcoming of Chinas growth until things

started to change in the second half of the second term of the George W. Bush presidency. When Democrats regained control of Congress in January 2007, the

emphasis of U.S. trade policy shifted from liberalization and accommodation to enforcement and prosecution. Skepticism over t rade, its benefits, and the intentions of

certain U.S. trade partnersChina, in particularanimated the new congressional trade agenda. The Great Recession and the election of

Barack Obama accelerated reevaluation of the U.S.-China relationship, which was rapidly swept into the emergingnarrative of American decline. In 2009, as the United States was crawling out of recession at very low rates of growth, experiencing high unemployment, heavily

indebted, and stricken by uncertainty about the fu ture, opinion leaders observed Chinas continued near-double digit annualeconomic growth rates and asked twoquestions: Where did we go wrong? What did China get right? The answers that most resonated were that the United States had b een too permissive of Chinas riseand that it was time for a tougher policy tack, and that the secrets of Chinas success were five -year plans and other elements of state-directed capitalism. A future inwhich both countries are fully committed to engagement looks very different from one where containment of China has become a more prominent policy objective.

The confluence of media hyperventilation over Chinas inexorable rise to global preeminence and U.S. politicians habits of scapegoating China for their own failuresspawned a popular impression of China as an adversary in a zero sum game. In that game, exports are considered Team Americas po ints, imports are Team Chinas

points, and the trade account is the scoreboard. Since the scoreboard showed a deficit, the United States was portrayed as losing at trade and it was losing becauseChina perpetually cheats. Currency manipulation, subsidization of industry, dumping, intellectual property theft, discriminat ion against imports, forced technology

transfer, indigenous innovation policies, raw material export restrictions, and other allegations of cheating came to define Chinese trade practices. Of course, some ofthe allegations had merit. Buoying these claims was a report published by the American Chamber of Commerce in Chinaan organization of Americanmultinational corporations that had for years counseled the U.S. government against taking provocative actions that might frustrate the economic relationship. Thereport identified questionable and possibly illegal Chinese policies intended to thrust China to preeminence in a variety of industries and documented how Chinas

market reforms had been abandoned in 2002 and a subsequent re-embrace of state planning, support for state -owned enterprises, and official discrimination against

imports and foreign companies operating in China had begun in 2003. Meanwhile, on the home front, the U.S. government seemed to be taking a page right out of thesame Chinese playbook it had so frequently criticized. That may come as a surprise to some, but those who follow trade policy closely may be aware that the United

States has a rich history of skirt ing the rules of trade that it so often invokes to discipline Chinas (and other trade partners) actions. In fact, U.S. policies have beenthe subject of more World Trade Organizat ion disputes (119) than have any other countries policies. (The EU is second with 73 and China is third with 30). Nogovernment is more likely to be out of compliance with a final WTO rulingor for a longer period than the U.S. government. In fact, to this day, the UnitedStates remains out of compliance on issues adjudicated several years (and sometimes more than a decade) ago. U.S. subsidization of industry took off in earnest in

2009 under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act and through other channels. Special deals for chosen companies, such as the infamous solar panel makerSolyndra, were cut as though they were state -owned enterprises. President Obama did not so much explain his rationale, but offered a ra llying cry for the greenindustrial policy his administration was promoting to the tune of nearly $100 billion in 2010 when he said: Countries like China are moving even faster Im notgoing to settle for a situat ion where the United States comes in sec ond place or third place or fourth place in what will be the most important economic engine of the

future. Much like the Chinese government, President Obama was throwing the weight of the U.S.

government behind the companies and industries that he believed mattered most to the future.And hewas asserting his belief that the United States and China are economic rivals in a zero-sum game. By 2011, the Obama administration was advising U.S. t elecomcarriers that if they had aspirations to partake of the lucrative U.S. government procurement market, they should not purchase routers or other equipment from Chinese

companies, Huawei and ZTE, citing them as cyber security threats to the United States. In 2012, the House Intelligence Committee produced a report reaching similarfindings and advising all U.S. companies against doing business with those companies. Whether Huawei and ZTE present unique security risks or there is an effort inWashington to sabotage emerging Chinese economic rivals is unclear. What is clear is that the public vers ion of the Committees report contained no evidence tosupport its allegations or recommendations, just as the administrations admonitions in 2011 were based on classi fied analyses never released to the public. W hat is

also clear is that, in 2012, Chinese participation in U.S. green energy projects was scuttled by the Obama

administrationon several occasions, despite the presidents avowed commitment to wean the U.S. economy of off fossil fuels and promote renewableenergy consumption. In addition to U.S. imposition of antidumping and countervailing duties on Chinese-made solar panels and wind towers, the U.S. Committee on

Foreign Investment in the United States recommended thatPresident Obamablock a Chinese purchase of a U.S. wind farm in Oregon,

which he did, reaffirming his view of China as an economic rival.Although an official decision has not yet been made, whispers inWashington are growing louder that the Obama administration is considering reneging on the United State s obligation to begin treating China as a market economyfor the purposes of calculating duties under the U.S. antidumping regime by no later than December 11, 2016. That would be a breach of exceptional consequence.

When China acceded to the WTO in 2001, it agreed to allow standing WTO members to apply what amounts to a punitive antidumping calculation methodology

known as the non-market economy (NME) methodology to Chinese companies for a period not to exceed 15 years. The methodology is arbitrary, capricious,utterly unrepresentative of economic reality, and it creates a cloud of uncertainty that essentially deters U.S. importers from purchasing Chinese products that could

potentially be targeted by U.S. industries. It is also a stigma that the Chinese government is anxious to put in the past. Reneging on that commitment would be

perceived by Beijing as the worst kind of affront. In 2012, the administration reported progress toward completion of a trade agreement between the United States and10 other Asia-Pacific nations, which conspicuously excludes China. The Trans-Pacific Partnership was first embraced in the United States by the State Department asa potential tool of foreign policy, and not by the U.S. Trade Representative as a possible trade init iative. Negotiations have been evolving as the United States has beenrather loudly announcing and executing a foreign policy pivot to Asia, all in the midst of intensifying acrimony between Ch ina and several neighboring countries

over conflicting territorial claims on islands in the South and East China Seas. These developments have raised suspicions that the United States may be pulling backon its policy of engagement with China, as it commits more resources to a policy of containment. That makes the future of U.S.-China economic relations especially


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murky. A future in which both countries are fully committed to engagement looks very different from one where containment of China has become a more prominent

policy objective. A recent report to Congress from the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative implies an ultimatum to the new Chinese leadership: recommit to thekinds of market reforms undertaken in the past and significantly curtail the states role in the economy or the United States will focus on thwarting Chinas economicadvances. Lending credibility to that threat is the fact that over the course of the next few years, the Obama administration will be the gatekeeper watching over

billions of dollars of possible Chinese direct investment in the United States. The administration will unveil a national cyber security policy that could be crafted to the

disadvantage of Chinese companies. It will decide one way or the other on antidumping policy toward C hina. And, it will presu mably conclude trade agreements withseveral Asia-Pacific nations not named China, which may or may not be crafted to accommodate Chinas eventual accession. Of course, one must wonder whether the

United States will curtail its own burgeoning state-ism if China were to reform. After all, Chinas interventions have served as rationalizations for the Obamaadministrations generous subsidies and industrial policies. The shape and tenor of evolving U.S. policies will profoundly affect the bilateral relationship, but thefuture will not be decided exclusively in Washington. There is plenty that the new Beijing government can do to assuage growing fears in Washington that China is no

longer committed to market reform. But a nagging question is whether that reform would assuage growing fears

that China is an economic adversary whose continued growth threatens U.S. interests.


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China Disadvantage- Impact- Generic

Relations with china could cause competition and disrupt national order

GoldsteinGlobal Politics and International Relations 2013(Avery First Things First the Pressing Danger of Crisis Instability in U.S.-China Relations

MIT 2013http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/ISEC_a_00114)

Two concerns have driven much of the debate about international security in the postCold Warera. The first is the potentially deadly mix of nuclear proliferation, rogue states, and internationalterrorists, a worry that became dominant after the terrorist attacks against the United States onSeptember 11, 2001.1 The second concern, one whose prominence has waxed and waned sincethe mid-1990s, is the potentially disruptive impact that China will have if it emerges as a peercompetitor of the United States, challenging an international order established during the era ofU.S. preponderance. Reflecting this second concern, some analysts have expressed reservationsabout the dominant postSeptember 11 security agenda, arguing that China could challenge U.S.global interests in ways that terrorists and rogue states cannot. In this article, I raise a more

pressing issue, one to which not enough attention has been paid. For at least the next decade,while China remains relatively weak, the gravest danger in Sino- American relations is thepossibility the two countries will and themselves in acrisis that could escalate to open military conflict.
http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/ISEC_a_00114http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/ISEC_a_00114http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/ISEC_a_00114http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/ISEC_a_00114


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China Disadvantage- A2 Cyber Attack

Cyber Attacks do not hurt relations- America still willing to negotiate

The Econimist 6-8-13(Here we go again, President Xi Jinping shows interest in reviving ties withAmerica. How far is he prepared to go?, The Economist, www.economist.com/news/china/21579043-president-xi-jinping-shows-interest-reviving-ties-america-how-far-he-prepared) CTL

AFTER his historic meeting with Mao Zedong in 1972, Richard Nixon wrote in his diary of what he called probably the most moving momentof the hour-long encounter: the chairman clasping the American leaders hand for about a minute as they sat talki ng. Such sparks of personalchemistry are what Chinas new president, Xi Jinping, and Barack Obama may be hoping to recreate during an informal summit on June 7th and8th.As The Economist went to press Mr Xi was winding up a week-long visit to Latin America and the Caribbean (see article) before headingon to meet Mr Obama at Sunnylands, an estate in the desert town of Rancho Mirage, California, that once belonged to Walter Annenberg, a

publisher. Never before has such a prolonged informal encounter between the two countries leaders been scheduled (dress code: no neckties).Its rarity and its timing so early in Mr Xis presidency suggest a recognition by both countries that their relationship badl y needs new zest.

Relations have become increasingly strained by American allegations of Chinese government involvement in thewidespread hacking of American computer systems(see article) and signs of greater assertiveness by China in its maritime disputeswith American allies in the western Pacific. China is worried by Americas security pivot towards Asia. Americanofficials are encouraged, however, by Mr Xis willingness to engage in such freewheeling diplomacy . Hispredecessor, Hu Jintao, shunned it, preferring to stick to formal agendas. Before Mr Hu, Jiang Zemin pressed for, andeventually secured, an informal summit with George W. Bush at his ranch in Crawford, Texas. But that meeting in 2002 was much briefer, and

Mr Jiang was just days away from stepping down. For the newly installed Mr Xi, the decision to engage in unscripteddiscussions spread over two days shows unusual confidence in his political grip and his mastery of a vital and highlycomplex area of foreign policy.


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China Disadvantage- A2 Snowden

Snowden conflict wont hurt relations

Jinwei 6/25/13

(Ming Snowden case should not affect China-U.S. relationship Peoples Daily Online 6/25/13http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90883/8298252.html Accessed 6/27/13)

The U.S. government, which has tried to extradite Snowden on criminal charges, expressed displeasure on Monday over the fact that the former U.S. government spy

had managed to leave Hong Kong.A White House spokesman even hinted that the Snowden case might have a negative impact on the bigger China-U.S. relationship.

For many people in China, this assertion goes a little bit too far.The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region(HKSAR)government did have a legitimate case when it said that the U.S. government's request for theHKSAR government to issue a provisional arrest warrant for Snowden did not fully comply withthe city's legal requirements.For the China-U.S. relations, both Beijing and Washington fully know that an isolated case shouldnot be allowed to hurt one of the most critical relationships in the world. As many can see, theChina-U.S. relationship has made valuable progress after the latest leadership transitions in thetwo countries. The first summitbetween Chinese President Xi Jinping and his U.S. counterpart Barack Obama, held earlier this month inCalifornia, has further boosted mutual trust and understanding between the world's two largesteconomies.It is in the interest of both countries to keep the positive momentum in bilateralrelations
http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90883/8298252.html%20Accessed%206/27/13http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90883/8298252.html%20Accessed%206/27/13http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90883/8298252.html%20Accessed%206/27/13


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24/30

AFF answers- China Disadvantage- No Coop

China doesnt want cooperation- recent cyber hacks prove

Business Line 6/27/13

(Business Line Massive cyber-attacks threaten US-China relations: Lawmakers The HINDU

6/27/13http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/international/massive-cyberattacks-threatens-uschina-relations-lawmakers/article4855959.ece Accessed 6/27/13)

Top American lawmakers and experts have warned that the massive cyber-hacking emanatingfrom China seriously threatens the bilateral relationship and urged the Obama administration totake all necessary measures to counter the threat. Weve seen in the last few years its not onlyAmerican companies that are the targets, its media and its human rights organisationssomething particularly important to Congressman Smith and me. Journalist writing aboutcorruption in China find their computer systems hacked and their passwords stolen, SenatorSherrod Brown said during a Congressional hearing yesterday. For human rights organisationsand activists dealing with hacking attacks from China is almost a daily fact of life. We cant sitidly by. Thats why I support a comprehensive common sense bipartisan approach to hold Chinaaccountable, he said.With the growing prevalence of computer networks in Americas heavilywired economy, cyber-attacks represent an increasingly growing threat alongside moretraditional forms of intellectual property theft. China simply doesnt play by the same rules as wedo. Chinese Governments deny these attacks even though there is evidence of Chineseinvolvement, he added.Cyber-attacks on Congress are only a small, but not insignificant partof a much larger pattern of attacks that have targeted the executive branch, the Pentagon andAmerican businesses, Congressman Christopher Smith said in his remarks, alleging that hisown computers have been hacked by sources originating in China.

Chinas conscious decision to release Snowdenproves China doesnt want a good

relationship with the United States

Associated Press 6/24/13

(Associated Press White House: Release of Snowden hurts relations with China AssociatedPress 6/24/13http://www.calgaryherald.com/news/White+House+Release+Snowden+hurts+relations+with+China/8570640/story.html Accessed 6/27/13)The White House says it is "not buying" that the decision by Hong Kong authorities to letadmitted leaker Edward Snowden leave for Russia was a technical decision. It says it was adeliberate choice to release a fugitive and that "unquestionably" damages U.S.-China relations.White House spokesman Jay Carney says the U.S. assumes that Snowden is now in Russia andthat the White House now expects Russian authorities to look at all the options available to themto expel Snowden to face charges in the U.S. for releasing secret surveillance information.
http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/international/massive-cyberattacks-threatens-uschina-relations-lawmakers/article4855959.ece%20Accessed%206/27/13http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/international/massive-cyberattacks-threatens-uschina-relations-lawmakers/article4855959.ece%20Accessed%206/27/13http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/international/massive-cyberattacks-threatens-uschina-relations-lawmakers/article4855959.ece%20Accessed%206/27/13http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/international/massive-cyberattacks-threatens-uschina-relations-lawmakers/article4855959.ece%20Accessed%206/27/13http://www.calgaryherald.com/news/White+House+Release+Snowden+hurts+relations+with+China/8570640/story.html%20Accessed%206/27/13http://www.calgaryherald.com/news/White+House+Release+Snowden+hurts+relations+with+China/8570640/story.html%20Accessed%206/27/13http://www.calgaryherald.com/news/White+House+Release+Snowden+hurts+relations+with+China/8570640/story.html%20Accessed%206/27/13http://www.calgaryherald.com/news/White+House+Release+Snowden+hurts+relations+with+China/8570640/story.html%20Accessed%206/27/13http://www.calgaryherald.com/news/White+House+Release+Snowden+hurts+relations+with+China/8570640/story.html%20Accessed%206/27/13http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/international/massive-cyberattacks-threatens-uschina-relations-lawmakers/article4855959.ece%20Accessed%206/27/13http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/international/massive-cyberattacks-threatens-uschina-relations-lawmakers/article4855959.ece%20Accessed%206/27/13


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AFF answers- China Disadvantage- Relations Low

China relations still low.

Cato Institute 2013

(Cato Institute Reading the Tea Leaves on U.S. China Economic Relations 1/29/13http://www.cato.org/publications/commentary/reading-tea-leaves-us-china-economic-relations?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=twitter&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+CatoRecentOpeds+(Cato+Recent+Op-eds)China relations based on developments over the most recent six yearsappears more problematic. Today, it seems, most bilateral economic frictions are magnifiedthrough the prism of those geopolitical and philosophical differences, making controversies seemlarger and more intractable. In general, policymakers had been mostly welcoming of Chinasgrowth until things started to change in the second half of the second term of the George W.Bush presidency. When Democrats regained control of Congress in January 2007, the emphasisof U.S. trade policy shifted from liberalization and accommodation to enforcement andprosecution. Skepticism over trade, its benefits, and the intentions of certain U.S. trade partners

China, in particularanimated the new congressional trade agenda.

Uniqueness- Relations Low

U.S.-Chinese relations taking big dives; U.S. policy getting stricter with China, using

unilateral actions in Asia with trade agreements, economic ultimatums, and containment

policies.Ikenson, M.A. in Economics, 13 (Daniel J., Reading the Tea Leaves on U.S.-China Economic Relations,Cato Institute, January 26, 2013, JH, www.cato.org/publications/commentary/reading-tea-leaves-us-china-economic-relations?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=twitter&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+CatoRecentOpeds+(Cat

o+Recent+Op-eds) )In 2012, the administration reported progress toward completion of a trade agreement betweenthe United States and 10 other Asia-Pacific nations, which conspicuously excludes China. TheTrans-Pacific Partnership was first embraced in the United States by the State Department as apotential tool of foreign policy, and not by the U.S. Trade Representative as a possible tradeinitiative. Negotiations have been evolving as the United States has been rather loudlyannouncing and executing a foreign policy pivot to Asia, all in the midst of intensifyingacrimony between China and several neighboring countries over conflicting territorial claims onislands in the South and East China Seas. These developments have raised suspicions that theUnited States may be pulling back on its policy of engagement with China, as it commits moreresources to a policy of containment. That makes the future of U.S.-China economic relations

especially murky. A future in which both countries are fully committed to engagement looksvery different from one where containment of China has become a more prominent policyobjective. A recent report to Congress from the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative impliesan ultimatum to the new Chinese leadership: recommit to the kinds of market reforms undertakenin the past and significantly curtail the states role in the economy or the United States will focuson thwarting Chinas economic advances.Lending credibility to that threat is the fact that overthe course of the next few years, the Obama administration will be the gatekeeper watching overbillions of dollars of possible Chinese direct investment in the United States. The administration


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will unveil a national cyber security policy that could be crafted to the disadvantage of Chinesecompanies. It will decide one way or the other on antidumping policy toward China. And, it willpresumably conclude trade agreements with several Asia-Pacific nations not named China,which may or may not be crafted to accommodate Chinas eventual accession.

China and U.S. dueling in Latin America- no cooperation in SquoBloomberg, 5-28-13, (Biden Circles Xi as U.S. Duels China for Latin America Ties, BloombergBusinessweek, JH, www.businessweek.com/news/2013-05-28/biden-circles-xi-as-u-dot-s-dot-duels-china-for-latin-america-influence )

The competition between the worlds two biggest economies for influence in Latin America is ondisplay this week as U.S. Vice President Joe Biden visits Rio de Janeiro today near the end of athree-nation tour of the region with Chinese President Xi Jinping close behind. The dueling visits-- Biden departs Brazil May 31, the same day Xi arrives in Trinidad & Tobago to begin his firsttour of the region since Chinas political transition ended in March -- underscore how LatinAmericas natural resources and rising middle class are making it an increasingly attractive tradepartner for the worlds top two economies.Competing with Chinas checkbook isnt easy for theU.S. Seeking South American soy, copper and iron ore, China boosted imports from LatinAmerica 20-fold, to $86 billion in 2011 from $3.9 billion in 2000, according to calculations bythe Inter-American Development Bank. By contrast, the U.S. policy of pursuing free-tradeaccords has been controversial, said Kevin Gallagher, a Boston University economist.

American "Asia pivot" causing tensions in the status quo- proves non-uniqueCarpenter, Senior Fellow on Foreign Policy at the Cato Institue, 6-10-13 (Ted Galen, Cato Institute, JH,www.cato.org/publications/commentary/us-china-summit-why-cooperation-remains-tentative?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+CatoRecentOpeds+(Cato+Recent+Op-eds) )

The principal security tensions between China and the United States, though, center around USsuspicions regarding Chinas regional ambitions as well as Beijings equally intense suspicionsabout Washingtons strategic pivot to East Asia and the initiatives associated with that shift.USleaders view Chinas military modernization and rapid increase in military spending over thepast decade and argue that it vastly exceeds the countrys legitimate defense needs. TheirChinese counterparts are deeply skeptical about US assurances that the pivot is not a containmentstrategy directed against China. A recent report from the Washington-based Center for Strategicand International Studies concluded: The US Asia pivot has triggered an outpouring of anti-American sentiment in China that will increase pressure on Chinas leadership to stand up tothe United States.The report notes further that nationalistic voices are calling for militarycountermeasures to the bolstering of Americas military posture in the region and the new US

defense strategic guidelines.
http://www.cato.org/publications/commentary/us-china-summit-why-cooperation-remains-tentative?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+CatoRecentOpeds+(Cato+Recent+Op-eds)http://www.cato.org/publications/commentary/us-china-summit-why-cooperation-remains-tentative?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+CatoRecentOpeds+(Cato+Recent+Op-eds)http://www.cato.org/publications/commentary/us-china-summit-why-cooperation-remains-tentative?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+CatoRecentOpeds+(Cato+Recent+Op-eds)http://www.cato.org/publications/commentary/us-china-summit-why-cooperation-remains-tentative?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+CatoRecentOpeds+(Cato+Recent+Op-eds)http://www.cato.org/publications/commentary/us-china-summit-why-cooperation-remains-tentative?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+CatoRecentOpeds+(Cato+Recent+Op-eds)http://www.cato.org/publications/commentary/us-china-summit-why-cooperation-remains-tentative?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+CatoRecentOpeds+(Cato+Recent+Op-eds)


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AFF answers- China Disadvantage- Impact

China and Latin America have good trade relations, adding US makes situation better

Santibaes, 2009, ["An End to U.S. Hegemony? The Strategic Implications of China's Growing

Presence in Latin America", Comparative Strategy (Book), 2-10-09, AAH]http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01495930802679728#tabModule

Although the emergence of China as a world power has been one of the most discussed topics in recent decades, not much attent ion has been given to the dramaticchanges this phenomenon is provoking in Latin America. Many economies are, indeed, seeing their patterns of trade be ing drastically modified; while some c ountriesin the region are enjoying remarkable rates of economic growth, due to their exports to the Asian nation, others, such as Mexico, perceive the PRC as a real threat to

their development. Sino-Latin American links, however, have not been restricted only to trade. Political and

military relations have also gotten stronger with the passage of time. But let us focus first on the economic side of this

partnership. Most Latin American leaders have also expressed an interest in Chinese foreign investment.By the end of 2004, Chinese stock investment in Latin America had already reached $4.62 billion, a figure that represents 14 percent of the total stock investment by

the PRC outside its frontiers. 20 Furthermore, according to the Chinese minister of commerce, Latin America is the

region of the world, outside Asia, that receives the most Chinese investment. 21 Nevertheless, with reserves reaching $795.1

billion the PRC can invest more, and that country seems to be taking the steps necessary to do so. Chinese companies have signed

important agreements with Latin American firms to extract and thentransport commodities to

China. 22 There are two joint ventures with Chilean mine companies, for example, that represent an investment of $2 billion, in one case, and $5 bill ion in theother.


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AFF answers- China Disadvantage- Plan KeyIrans power waning in Latin America, window for US and China if plan not passed

Goodman, , 6-26-13,[Joshua, "Iran Influence in Latin America Waning, U.S. Report Says",Bloomberg, 6-26-13, AAH]http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-06-26/iran-influence-in-latin-america-waning-u-s-report-says.html

Iran isnt actively supporting terrorist cells in Latin America and its influence is waning in theregionafter almost a decade of promises to increase investment, according to a State Department report.While Irans interest in Latin America is a concern, sanctions have undermined efforts by the Islamicrepublic to expand its economic and political toehold in the region, according to the unclassified summaryof yesterdays report.As a result of diplomatic outreach, strengthening of allies capacity, internationalnonproliferation efforts, a strong sanctions policy, and Irans poor management of its foreign relations,Iranian influence in Latin America and the Caribbean is waning,according to the report. Thefindings disappointed some Republican lawmakers who say President Barack Obamas administration isunderestimating the threat from Iran. The report comes as the U.S. takes a wait-and-see approach toPresident-elect Hassan Rohani, who has vowed to seek more dialog with the U.S. I believe theAdministration has failed to consider the seriousness of Irans presence here at home, said Congressman

Jeff Duncan, a Republican from South Carolina who wrote the legislation requiring the State Departmentreport. I question the methodology that was used in developing this report.
http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-06-26/iran-influence-in-latin-america-waning-u-s-report-says.htmlhttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-06-26/iran-influence-in-latin-america-waning-u-s-report-says.htmlhttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-06-26/iran-influence-in-latin-america-waning-u-s-report-says.htmlhttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-06-26/iran-influence-in-latin-america-waning-u-s-report-says.htmlhttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-06-26/iran-influence-in-latin-america-waning-u-s-report-says.htmlhttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-06-26/iran-influence-in-latin-america-waning-u-s-report-says.html


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AFF answers- China Disadvantage- Link

US making advancements for a better Latin America

Latin American Herald Tribune, 6-21-13, [Latin American Herald Tribune, "U.S. Reaffirms

Commitment to Latin America Security, Development", AAH]http://www.laht.com/article.asp?ArticleId=815509&CategoryId=12394

WASHINGTONThe United States remains committed to Latin Americas security and development

through multiple bilateral cooperation accords and within the framework of a pragmatic and

mutually respectful relationship, a senior Obama administration official told Efe. The remarks served to counter criticism from some sectors inthe United States who contend that Washington, despite its rhetoric and visits by top officials to the region, is not promoting closer ties with Latin America throughconcrete measures. The most important message is that we view our relations in the hemisphere as a relationship of equal partners. I think the president has made that

very clear through his words and through his actions in the region, the official, who spoke on conditi on of anonymity, said. Since 2009, U.S.

President Barack Obama has traveled to Latin America a total of six times, while Vice President

Joe Biden has made four trips to the region, and over this period our entire approach has been

based on equal partnership, the official added. Latin America has seen a massive increase in its middle class and a reduction in severe poverty

and, within the context of a pragmatic relationship, Washington is working jointly to respond to challenges such as

promoting economic development, reducing energy costs and increasing the competitiveness of theregions economies.The official noted that the United States has invested nearly $500 million s ince 2008 in security assistance alone and $200 millionmore in that same period in the Caribbean. We do have a commitment to working with Central America, Mexico and other partners to reinforce citizen security and

that goes beyond the direct assistance because emphasis is a lso being placed on strengthening institutions. Security overall is something that (is) important in ourrelationship with Mexico, and its an area where were going to continue working with them, the official said, reiterating the Obama administrations support for acomprehensive immigration overhaul with a strong border-security component. The official also defended a June 5 meeting between U.S. Secretary of State JohnKerry and Venezuelan Foreign Minister Elias Jaua to try to establish a more constructive relat ionship with Caracas. Kerry also made clear that we are going to

continue to speak out when its appropriate on democratic governance issues, on fundamental freedoms, the rule of law, those are all part of our dialogue, both publicand private. According to Jaua, during that meeting on the sidelines of an Organization of American States meeting in Guatemala, the two men discussed establishinga direct channel of communication to clarify any differences in the future, and work toward returning the countries respec tive ambassadors to their posts. TheObama administration official also re ferred to the Nicaraguan Congress approval earlier this month of legislation giving a C hinese company an up to 100-year

concession to build and operate an inter-oceanic canal. Its up to Nicaragua and whatever pr ivate investors they found to determine the viability and suitability of the

project, the official said. Every country has to weigh the potential ecological cost of any kind of development program, any kind of infrastructure project of thisnature ... environmental considerations are big not just for this particular project but for any large infrastructure project, the official said. The remarks constituted the

Obama administrations first public reaction to a mega-project that, if completed, would rival the Panama Canal. Asked about what interest the U.S. government mayhave in the project, the official said this is all pretty much hypothetical at this point. Theres a pretty long distancebetween the idea of a canal and having the

project actually ... development has to be something that contributes to the overall development of the country, the official said. EFE
http://www.laht.com/article.asp?ArticleId=815509&CategoryId=12394http://www.laht.com/article.asp?ArticleId=815509&CategoryId=12394http://www.laht.com/article.asp?ArticleId=815509&CategoryId=12394


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AFF answers- China Disadvantage- Alt Cause

Alt Causes to relationsSnowden incident proves Obama wants to foster relations

Richter, LA Times Staff Writer,6-27 (Paul, Obama doesn't want Snowden hunt to damage ties withRussia, China, La Times, http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-snowden-diplomacy-

20130628,0,6272074.story) CTL

President Obama's declaration Thursday that he wouldn't be "scrambling jets" to capture Edward Snowden provided the clearest public signal ofhow much the administration wants to shield key diplomatic relationships from damage over the case of the fugitivenational security leaker.The administration's e fforts at downplaying may also stem, in part, from a desire to manage expectations, since Snowden maycontinue to elude U.S. custody. But it's clear that in the last several days, the administration has sought to de-escalate confrontations over his flight.Snowden fledHong Kong on Sunday to avoid a U.S. extradition request and landed in Russia. Since then, he has apparently been in a transit lounge at Moscow's Sheremetyevoairport while seeking asylum in Ecuador.At the beginning of the week, administration officials, including Secretary of State John F. Kerry, were condemning Russia,China and Ecuador as repressive governments, comments that provoked pique, especially in Moscow.Now, even as American officials continue their effort to get

Snowden, Obama has made it clear that the administration wants to limit damage to its relationship with China, its largest trading partner, and Russia, which has

leverage over Washington on the Syrian civil war, nuclear arms talks, the Iranian nuclear program and other matters.

china disadvantage supplement - gmu 2013

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