china
DESCRIPTION
CHINA. Fig. 10-5a, p. 278. ARID CHINA Sparse Population. Wet China Heavily Populated. CHINA. 4 th Largest Area in World 1 st in Population . Population. Coast Rivers. The One-Child Policy urban parents required to have only one child - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
CHINA
Fig. 10-5a, p. 278
ARID CHINA Sparse
Population
Wet China Heavily
Populated
CHINA
4th Largest Area in World1st in Population
- CoastCoast- RiversRivers
Population
The One-Child Policy• urban parents required to have only one child• tax and education benefits restricted to first child only• rural families often given exemption• loss of girls through abortion (as many as 40 million)
Urban China 31% Urbanized 360 Million in
cities
Ethnic Groups
Chinese... Spoken Chinese
varies…Mandarin, Cantonese, etc.
Written Chinese is ideographic…
Characters rather than alphabet (click for details)
Language
Ancient Chinese Philosophy (6th Century B.C.)
Confucius Concerned with duty, ritual, order, morality, respect, and proper government
TaoismThe Tao in Tao de ChingLao-TsuConcerned with nature, harmony, flow, peace
Silk Road
Colonial
Spheres
Recent History
Republic of China 1911-1949 Nationalists Ruled– Chinese Presidents
Sun Yat-Sen Chiang Kai-Shek
1949, Lost Civil War– Fled to…
People’s Republic of China
1949-Present Communist… Mao Zedong
1949-1976
People’s Republic of China Great Leap Forward (1958-1962)
20-30 million starved as plows turned into industrial iron
Cultural Revolution (1958 – 1976)
Attempt to remove capitalist and colonial ideas and persons from power
Economic Liberalization Premier Deng Xiaoping (1977-1997) cracked
down on Tiananmen Square Protestors but publicly stated that “To get rich is glorious.”
Policy is called “Socialism with Chinese Characteristics.”
Special Economic Zones 5 established Foreign investment incentives…
– Low taxes– Easier import/export regulations– Simplified land leases
Open Cities 14 coastal cities… National investment focused on 4
China’sEconomi
cZones
Manchuria Northeast China X Cold Winter Forested Harbin
Russians… Japan 1931-45
Mines, Factories
North China
Hot, Rainy Summer Very Cold, Dry
Winter Winter Monsoon
North China Huang He
“Yellow River”–Silt Floods
North China Ancient Chinese
Civilization Xi’an…
Xi’an 1974 Discovery… Emperor Qin, 200 BC
North China Plain
Excellent Soil Farming Wheat Mandarin
Cuisine Noodles
Beijing 2nd Largest City… Chinese Capital for 1000 Years Forbidden City…
Beijing – Forbidden City
Beijing – Forbidden City
Great Wall
Great Wall 200 BC Built to hold
back MongolsFailed; Kublai
Kahn was great Mongol emperor
Great Wall
Great Wall
Chang Jiang “Yangtze River”
Deep Good for Shipping
ShanghaiLargest City…Colonial CapitalSeaport
The “Bund”
Shanghai Economic
Center
Chang Gorges
3 Gorges Dam on Yangtze River
Hydro Power = 18 nuclear plants
Massive Lake Displace
1,400,000
Figure 13-D, p. 365
South China Xi River
Xi (Hsi) River
Hot & Humid Rice
Double-Cropping
Food & Language…
Cantonese
Rice Harvest
Limestone Towers
Hong Kong Largest City, S. China
Hong Kong Harbor
Hong KongBritish ColonyDue to Opium War
British Vs. China, 1830sFought over access to trade and trade goods
Was returned to China in 1997
Tibet
Tibet High Plateau &
Mtns 15,000’ “Roof of the World” Cold, Dry Yaks
Tibetan Buddhism Lama Dalai Lama
God-King Communist Invasion
1950s Dalai Lama Fled
Xinjiang
Xinjiang Deserts & Mtns
People of Xinjiang
Muslim Silk Road Route Uighur Language related to Turkish
TAIWAN Chinese province…
Colonized by Japan - 1895-1945
Returned to China - WWII
Nationalist Government fled to Taiwan during Mao’s Revolution
Recognized as the “True China” by U.S. in 1947
Tension Remains
TAIWAN - Economy Few Resources High-Tech Industries Very Developed
$17,400 per capita in Taiwan $ 3,600 in China