child protection - · pdf file · 2012-07-25percentage of child workers (5-14...

Child Protection

8

• Many children are subjected to violence, exploitation and abuse in communities,

schools and institutions; and to harmful practices such as child marriage and child

labour. Many more, not yet victims, also remain without adequate protection.

Protecting children from violence, exploitation and abuse is integral to protecting their

rights to survival, growth and development.

• Child protection is a cross cutting issue and several departments are responsible for

the care and protection of children and towards their holistic development.

• The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000 covers children in

conflict with law (CCL) and those in need of care and protection (CNCP) up to the

age of 18 years. The Act provides for proper care, protection and rehabilitation of

these children by addressing their needs and adopting a child-friendly approach in the

adjudication and disposition of matters in their best interest.

• The Competent Authorities under the Act are the Child Welfare Committee (for

CNCP) and Juvenile Justice Board (for CCL); and they have been established in all 35

districts.

• Special Juvenile Police Unit have been established across all districts.

• In addition, certain sections of Indian Penal Code (IPC) and Criminal Procedure Code

(Cr PC), the Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986 and the Prohibition of

Child Marriage Act,2006 also protect children.

• Government of Maharashtra has constituted the Maharashtra Commission for

Protection of Child Rights (MCPCR).

Overview

• Maharashtra displays a higher rate in birth registrations (91.5%) as compared to the

national average (71.0%). However, 18 other states have a higher birth registration

rate than Maharashtra.

• At the national level, birth registration rate is slowly and consistently increasing after

a marginal decrease in 2003. In Maharashtra, the birth registration rate has witnessed

a decline between 2003 to 2005 (from 93.1% to 85.1%) but has shown improvement

thereafter (91.5% in 2007).

Source : RGI. Government of India

100 | CHILD PROTECTION

Trends in birth registration, India and Maharashtra

• As compared to an increase in the number of child workers (5 -14 years) at the

national level from 112.85 lakhs to 126.66 lakhs between 1991 to 2001, Maharashtra

has witnessed a decline in the number of child workers from 10.68 lakhs to 7.64 lakhs

in the same period.

• In the year 1991, Maharashtra’s share of child workers in the country was 9.43% and

this decreased to 6.03% in 2001.

• Percentage of child workers in Maharashtra state is 3.5% which is lower than the

national average (5.0%).

• Percentage of child workers for boys (5.1%) is slightly higher than girls (4.9%) at the

national level while it is same (3.5%) for boys and girls in the state.

Source : Census of India, RGI. Government of India

Trends in number of child workers 64, 5-14 years

Source : Census of India, 2001, RGI. Government of India

Percentage of child workers (5-14 years) by sex, India and Maharashtra, 2001

CHILD PROTECTION | 101

Percentage of child workers (5-14 years) by age group, sex and worker category, 2001, Maharashtra

• The percentage of both boy and girl child workers across rural and urban areas in

Maharashtra has seen a decrease from 1991 to 2001.

• Over the decade, rural Maharashtra has seen a significant decrease (4.6% points) of

girl children in the child labour work force.

• It is very interesting to note that in rural areas, girls are more likely to be child

workers, while in urban areas, boys are more in terms of percentage, at both national

and state levels.

• Percentage of main and marginal child workers as well as male and female child

workers are almost same.

• Percentage of child workers is higher in rural areas compared to urban areas.

• Percentage of child workers is very high in the 10-14 years age group as compared to

the 5-9 years especially in rural areas.

Source : Census of India, RGI. Government of India


Percentage of child workers (5-14 years) by area, 1991 and 2001, Maharashtra


• Seven districts in Maharashtra have more than 7.5% child workers (5-14 years) and

they are spread across all divisions.

• Eight districts have more than 30,000 child workers and majority of districts are from

Pune and Nashik divisions.

Percentage of child workers (5-14 years) by districts, 2001, Maharashtra



National: 126.66 lakhs

State: 7.64 lakhs

Lowest: 3, 117 Bhandara

Highest: 55,371 Nandurbar

Magnitude of child workers (5-14 years) by districts, 2001, Maharashtra

Index

Less than 2.5%

2.5-5%

5.1-7.5%

More than 7.5%

No. of districts

11

05

10

09

Index

Less than 10000

10001-20000

20001-30000

More than 30000

No. of districts

07

10

10

08

National average: 5.0%

State average: 3.5%

Lowest: 1.3 % Bhandara

Highest: 8.1 % Nandurbar


Percentage of child workers (5-14 years), India and Maharashtra, 2004-05

• 82.6% child workers are involved in agriculture- related activities and more than 5%

are each are involved in manufacturing and trade/hotel related activities.• Percentage of child workers in Maharashtra is 3.42% which is slightly higher than the

national average (3.33%).

• Percentage of child workers in Maharashtra in year 2004-05 as per NSSO is slightly

lower than Census 2001 data.

• Percentage of child workers is very high in the age group of 10-14 years as compared

to 5-9 years at both national and state levels.

• NSSO estimated 7.48 lakhs child workers in the 5-14 years age group in Maharashtra,

6.64 lakhs in rural and 0.84 lakh in urban areas, which is slightly lower than Census

2001 data.

• Comparison of Census, 2001 and NSSO, 2004-05 data shows that incidence of child

labour in Maharashtra is decreasing.

Source : NSSO, 61th round survey

Source : NSSO, 61st round survey

Percentage of child workers (5-14 years) by activities, Maharashtra, 2004-05


Index

Less than 23.5

23.6-24.5

24.6-25.5

More than 25.6

No. of districts

09

07

10

09

Index

Less than 18.5

18.6-19.5

19.6-2.5

More than 20.5

No. of districts

08

11

08

08

National: 23.4 years

State: 24.4 years

Lowest: 22.2 years Jalna

Highest: 27.7 years Sindhudurg

National: 19.8 years

State: 19.3 years

Lowest: 17.6 years Hingoli

Highest: 23.3 years SindhudurgSource: DLHS-3,2007-08 Source: DLHS-3, 2007-08

Mean age of marriage65, 2007-08, Maharashtra Percentage of marriages below legal age, 2007-08, Maharashtra

Boys Boys

GirlsGirls

National: 23.4%

State: 12.4 %

Lowest: 1.4 % Sindhudurg


Index

Less than 5%

5-10%

10-15%

More than 15%

No. of districts

11

07

08

09

Index

Less than 7.5%

7.5-15%

15-22.5%

More than 22.5%

No. of districts

09

09

07

10

National: 22.1 %

State: 17.6 %

Lowest: 0 % Sindhudurg, Wardha



Comparison of child abuse66, India and Maharashtra,2007 (%) Trends in crime rate against67 children

• Incidence of corporal punishment is highest, followed by neglect of girls and physical

abuse in Maharashtra.

• Except for the practice of corporal punishment, there is no significant difference

between the extent of prevalence of other forms of abuse at the state and national

levels.

• Incidence of corporal punishment is higher in Municipal /Zila Parishad (47.6%) schools

as compared to Private schools (15.7%). Similarly boys (63.51%) are more subject to

corporal punishment as compared to girls (36.49%).

• Crime rate (crime per one lakh population) against children has increased over the

compared period at both national and state levels.

• Crime rate against children in Maharashtra is very high compared to the national

average.

• Maharashtra ranks 13th in India for crime rate against children (year 2010).

Source: Study on Child Abuse :India 2007, Ministry of Women and Child Development, 2007 Source: “Crime in India” report from year 2002 to 2010, National Crime Records Bureau


Trends in incidence of crime against children, Maharashtra Crime against children by category, 2010, Maharashtra

• Incidence of crimes against children has increased over the compared period.

• Maharashtra ranks 3rd in India, after Madhya Pradesh and Delhi, in number of crime

committed against children, for the year 2010.

• Cases related to victimization or abuse of children are registered under two broad

sections:

• Indian Penal Code (IPC).

• Special and Local Laws and Special Acts.

• Of all the cases highest cases (1277, 39.1%) are registered in “Other category” and

followed by kidnapping and abduction (749, 22.9%) and rape (747, 22.9%).

Source: “Crime in India” report from year 2002 to 2010, National Crime Records Bureau Source: “Crime in India”, 2010, National Crime Records Bureau


Institutional and Non- institutional Child Care Trends in budget provisions for child protection, Government of Maharashtra

• 17,354 children are covered through non institutional care under Bal Sangopan

yojana68. • Maharashtra Government has made provisions for observation homes and children’s

homes under Juvenile Justice Act, Establishment of Maharashtra State Commission

for Protection of Child Rights. Besides, it has also provided for running programme for

“Children in Need of Care and Protection” and juveniles with conflict with law in the

budget.

• Total budget provision has increased over the compared period but forms a very

minimal share of the total budget.

• Child Welfare Committee (CWC), Juvenile Justice Board (JJB) and Special Juvenile

Police Unit (SJPU) have been established in all 35 districts in Maharashtra.

• Number and capacity of institutions:

Source: Collected from Department of women and child development* Actual, $ Revised ^ Estimated

Source : Budget in brief, 2009-10 and 2010-11, Government of Maharashtra


Type of institutions

Number of institutions Capacity

Govt. NGO Total Govt. NGO Total

Observation Homes

12 48 60 600 4,275 4,875

Children’s homes

33 1039 1072 3,425 84,299 87,724

After- care homes

1 3 4 100 110 210

Special needs children homes

- 22 22 - 975 975

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