child development group 6
TRANSCRIPT
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COGNITIVE
DEVELOPMENTOF ADOLESCENCE
Group 6
Presented By :
Citra Amalia &
Myahri Chariyeva
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INTRODUCTION
Adolescence is the life stagethat bridges childhood andadulthood. In general, itrepresents the second decadeof life.
A far more accurate vission ofadolescence is a time ofevaluation,of decision makingof commitment, of carving out
the place in the world.
In this chapter we will discuss about Cognitif Development ofAdolescence, especially about Piagets theory and adolescences
(formal operations stage) and Vygotskys sociocultural perspective
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Cognitive Development
What is cognitive
development? Cognitive development refers tothe development of the ability tothink and reason.
Adolescence marks the beginningdevelopment of more complexthinking processes (also calledformal logical operations)including abstract thinking andidealistic.
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HOME
Adolescences
Vygotskyssocioculturalperspective
Piagets theory
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Adolescences
The Nature of Adolescence
The adolescents thoughts are more
abstract and idealistic. Biological changestrigger a heightened interest in body image.Adolescence has both continuity anddiscontinuity with childhood. The Biologicalchanges, just like :
HormonalChanges
Body ImageThe Brain
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During adolescence (between 12 and18 years of age), the developingteenager acquires the ability to thinksystematically about all logicalrelationships within a problem. Thetransition from concrete thinking toformal logical operations occurs overtime. Some common indicatorsindicating a progression from moresimple to more complex cognitivedevelopment include the following:
early adolescenceDuring early adolescence, the use ofmore complex thinking is focused onpersonal decision making in schooland home environments, including thefollowing:
What cognitive developmentalchanges occur during
adolescence?
The early adolescent begins to formand verbalize his/her own thoughts andviews on a variety of topics
middle adolescenceWith some experience in using morecomplex thinking processes, the focusof middle adolescence often expandsto include more philosophical andfuturistic concerns, including the
following:The middle adolescent often questionand analyze more extensively
late adolescenceDuring late adolescence, complexthinking processes are used to focuson less self-centered concepts as wellas personal decision making, includingthe following:The late adolescent often developsidealistic views on specific topics.
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Information Processing in Adolescence
Decision Making
Critical Thinking
Adolescence is a time ofincreased decision making which friends to choose,
which person to date,whether to buy a car, go to
college and so on(Wigfield, Byrnes, &
Eccles, 2006)
Adolescence is animportant transitional
period in the developmentof critical thinking (
Keating, 1990)
Home
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Piagets Theory
Theory of Cognitive Development
As a result of the interaction of biologicalmaturation and experience, theory ofCognitive Development consists of fourstages of intellectual development.
The following discussion outlinesthese four stages:
Sensory Motor Stage (Birth2 years)Pre-operational Stage (2-7years)Concrete Operational Stage (7-11)Formal Operations Stage (11 andbeyond)
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Formal Operations Stage (11yrs-16yrs)
The formal operational stage begins around
age 11 and is fully achieved by age 15,bringing with it the capacity for abstraction.When faced with a complex problem, theadolescent speculates about all possiblesolutions before trying them out in the real
world. There are 2 major characteristics offormal operational thought:
Hypothetic-deductivereasoning
Propositional
http://ehlt.flinders.edu.au/education/DLiT/2000/Piaget/stages.htmhttp://ehlt.flinders.edu.au/education/DLiT/2000/Piaget/stages.htm -
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When faced with a problem,adolescents come up with ageneral theory of all possiblefactors that might affect the
outcome and deduce from itspecific hypothese that mightoccur. They then systematicallytreat these hypothese to see which
ones do in fact occur in the realworld. Thus, adolescent problemsolving begins with possibilty andproceeds to reality.
Hypothetic-deductive reasoning
Formal Operations Stage
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The second important characteristic ofthis stage is that it is 'propositional' in
nature. Adolescents can focus on verbalassertions and evaluate their logicalvalidity without making refence to real-world circumstances. In contrast,concrete operational children can
evaluate the logic of statements byconsidering them against concreteevidence only.
Propositional
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An Evaluation of Piagets Theory
Piagets Contributions
Founded the discipline we know today as cognitive
development. Convinced us that children are curious, active
explorers who play an important role in their owndevelopment.
Challenges
Underestimated developing minds Failed to distinguish competence from performance
Home
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Vygotskys Sociocultural Perspective
Sociocultural theory states that: Cognitive development occurs in a
sociocultural context that influences the formit takes
Most of a childs cognitive skills evolve from
social interactions with parents, teachers, andother more competent associates
-Culture and society play a pivotal role. Itaffect how we think, not just what wethink.
-Vygotskian model is held by the group,not the individual.
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The Tools ofThoughtIn Vygotskys view,adults
use a variety of tools to
pass culturally valuedmodes of thinking and
problem solving to their
children. Vygotskys notes
how tools-especiallylanguage-influence
thought.
Spoken language is clearly the mostimportant tool, but writing, usingnumbers, and applying problem-solvingand memory strategies also conveyinformation and enable thinking(Bodrova & Leong,Crain, Vygotsky)
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Zone of Proximal Development range of tasks that aretoo complex to be mastered alone but can be
accomplished with guidance and encouragement from amore skillful partner.
Scaffolding-the expert participant carefully tailorstheir support to the novice learner to assure theirunderstanding
As the result, an important implication of the zone ofproximal development is that knowledge is not afixed state and no single test or score canadequately reflect the range of a persons
knowledge.
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An Evaluation of Vygotskys theory
Vygotskys Contributions
Many scholars find Vygotskys ideas a refreshing
addition to Piagets theory. Vygotsky alerted us to sociocultural influences on
cognitive development but died before he couldformalize his theory.
Challenges
Vygotsky has been criticized for placing too muchemphasis on social interaction.
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As the conclusion:
Theories of Cognitive Development:
Vygotsky vs. PiagetVygotskys socioculturaltheory
Piagets cognitivedevelopmental theory
Cognitive development
varies across cultures
Cognitive development is
mostly universal acrosscultures
Stems from socialinteractions
Stems from independentexplorations
Social processes become
individual-physiologicalprocesses
Individual (egocentric)
processes become socialprocesses
Adults are important aschange agents
Peers are important aschange agents
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Thanks for attention