child & family well-being in new york state

January 2021

Child & FamilyWell-being inNew York StateRanking Risks Across 62 Counties

We educate and mobilize New Yorkersto make the city a better place for children. Our advocacy combines public policy research and data analysis with citizen action.We cast light on issues, educate the public, engage allies, and identify and promote practical solutions to ensure that everyNew York City child is healthy, housed, educated and safe.

For more information about CCC, visit www.cccnewyork.org.

Jennifer March, Ph.D. Executive Director

Project Staff Sophia Halkitis, M.A. Data Analyst

Bijan Kimiagar, Ph.D. Associate Executive Director for Research

Citizens’ Committee for Children of New York 1

A Well-being Index for New York State Citizens’ Committee for Children of New York (CCC) is an independent, nonpartisan child advocacy organization that leverages data on the well-being of children and families to inform budgetary, legislative and programmatic decisions made at the federal, state, and local level.

The COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted families across New York State, and children are experiencing unprecedented levels of trauma and disproportionally suffering in communities of color.1 Children and families from these communities have not only experienced illness, loss of life, and economic insecurity but other significant stressors, including but not limited to over-policing and resultant violence. All underscore the profound and distressing effects of racism.

Decisive attention must be paid to the cumulative impact of these crises on children and families: rising parental unemployment levels deepen child hunger, housing insecurity and homelessness; decreased engagement in pediatric primary care, immunization and early intervention due to shelter-in-place requirements result in declining child health and development; and inequitable distance learning and learning loss widen the achievement gap.2 These threats to well-being are increasing at a time of social isolation and result in declining mental health and a heightened risk of child welfare involvement and exposure to domestic violence.3 The situation is grave and requires a comprehensive response.

The path forward requires an urgent and collective need to combat systemic racism in income and asset accumulation, housing, health care, education, and community safety; and to be tireless in the fight for federal, state and local resources and policies that provide the infrastructure and services that all children, families and communities require.

Today, CCC puts forward a Child and Family Well-being Index for New York State. The insights from this analysis are particularly important considering the current triple crises in public health, economic decline, and persistent race-based discrimination. While the data we analyze pre-date the pandemic and economic downturn, they draw attention to troubling risk factors that must be addressed and ameliorated to promote an equitable recovery for children and families in our state. There is no mistake that additional federal stimulus including direct state and municipal aid is needed to help address the fiscal instability of New York State and its counties and to provide additional support for households experiencing profound economic distress. The findings in this report also make clear that child and family needs must be prioritized in

1 See CCC analysis of Household Pulse Survey and COVID-19 series, https://www.cccnewyork.org/; United Hospital Fund (2020) COVID-19 Ripple Effect, https://uhfnyc.org/

state budget, legislative, and policy decision-making if New York State is to effectively promote recovery.

About the Index This analysis examines data for New York State’s 62 counties across six domains of child and family well-being—Economic Security, Housing, Health, Education, Youth, and Family & Community. The analysis replicates CCC’s Child and Family Well-being Index for New York City, which was created to understand where multiple risks to well-being concentrate geographically. This is important, as research on child development tells us that the presence of multiple risk factors can have cumulative negative effects on child development and well-being.

We used 18 county-level indicators—three in each of the six domains of well-being. We scaled data for each indicator using min-max normalization and averaged these values using equal weighting to create an overall composite index score, as well as a domain index score for each of the six domains.4 We ranked and categorized each overall and domain index score into quintiles corresponding to one of five categories of risk—highest risk, moderate high risk, moderate risk, moderate low risk, and lowest risk—where the county ranked #1 is in the highest risk category and the county ranked #62 is in the lowest risk category.

CATEGORIES OF RISKS TO WELL-BEING

HIGHEST RISK MODERATE HIGH RISK

MODERATE RISK MODERATE LOW RISK

LOWEST RISK

This index is designed to inform a broad understanding of where children and families across New York State face particular risk factors or barriers to their well-being. Countywide data are ideal for this statewide analysis because they are comparable, statistically reliable, and readily available annually. However, we acknowledge that county averages may mask differences between smaller geographies within counties or between demographic groups. Therefore, this analysis serves to complement efforts to examine child and family well-being within counties.

All data are sourced from the United States Census Bureau’s American Community Survey or New York State agencies, including the Department of Education, Department of Health, and Division of Criminal Justice Services. We provide a full list of data sources at the end of this brief.

2 CCC COVID-19 series, https://www.cccnewyork.org 3 Ibid. 4 In the Education domain, Math and ELA pass rates are combined into one indicator.


Findings & Policy Considerations Barriers to Well-Being Overall

The Bronx ranks in the highest risk category in multiple domains (Economic Security, Housing, and Family & Community), and several indicator values for the Bronx and other New York City counties diverge significantly from the rest of the state. In fact, the overall composite index score for the Bronx is so different from all other counties that there are no counties in the moderate high risk category overall. Yet, several counties in the moderate risk category for the overall composite index do fall in the highest risk category in one or more of the six domains, including: Oswego (Economic Security, Health, Education); Montgomery (Economic Security, Education); Franklin (Economic Security, Education, Youth), Chautauqua (Economic Security, Education); Chemung (Economic Security, Health, Education); Yates (Health, Education); and Fulton (Economic Security, Education, Youth, Family & Community).

Notably, Putnam, Nassau, Saratoga, Hamilton, Wyoming, Ontario, Genesee, Westchester, Tompkins, and Suffolk all fall within the lowest risk category for the overall composite index. However, specific indicators in each of these counties point to important barriers to well-being, such as high child poverty rates and severe rent burden. As described earlier, county-level averages may mask important geographic or demographic differences within counties. These intra-county disparities also demand action and budget and policy priorities must support families and children, including families in counties falling within the lowest risk category.

Economic Security Allegany, Bronx, Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, Clinton, Delaware, Franklin, Fulton, Kings, Montgomery, Oswego, and Oneida counties ranked in the highest risk or moderate high risk categories in the Economic Security domain. In these counties, median incomes for families with children tend to be much lower than counties ranked in the lower risk categories.

Notably, despite high labor force participation rates for families with children in many counties, child poverty is disturbingly high in counties across the state. A total of 835,815 children statewide live in households below the Federal Poverty Level. Of the 62 counties in New York State, about a third have child poverty rates greater than the NYS average (20.6%) and yet more than 90% of families with children in nearly all of these counties have one or both parents in the labor force.

As we consider the effects of the pandemic and the subsequent economic collapse, with about half of households reporting loss of income since March 2020,5 there is a critical opportunity

5 US Census Bureau (2020) Household Pulse Survey Week 20, Employment Table 1. Experienced and Expected Loss of Employment Income, https://census.gov

to do more to combat poverty by deepening and expanding the state’s Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) and reforming the Empire State Child Credit to include a robust credit for children under four years of age. In addition, more must be done to increase access to affordable child care as a critical tool supporting the workforce participation required of economic recovery. Finally, legislation that sets concrete targets on child poverty reduction and measures legislative and budgetary proposals in relation to their impact on poverty reduction goals should be enacted.

Housing In the Housing domain, similar to the Economic Security domain, counties in the highest risk category are both within and outside of New York City: Bronx, Rockland, Kings, Queens, Suffolk, Orange, and Dutchess counties. In these counties, more than 28% percent of people pay more than half of their income on rent. In some counties such as Suffolk and Rockland, about one-third of households pay more than half of their income on rent. In counties ranked in the highest risk category, the percentage of people who live with more than one person per room is triple the rate of the counties ranked in the lowest risk category. Notably, some counties with high proportions of severely rent burdened households may rank in the moderate low or lowest risk categories because the other two indicators of barriers to well-being in the Housing domain—rental overcrowding and students living in temporary housing—are less prevalent.

In New York State, 43% of the population are renters, and 27% of NYS households are severely rent burdened, affecting an estimated 915,370 New Yorkers. In total, 26 out of 62 counties have more than a quarter of households spending more than half their income on rent, and in eight counties more than 30% of households are severely rent burdened.

As we consider the effect of the pandemic and dramatically heightened housing insecurity, including more than one in six adults in renter households that are not current on rent,6 these data point to the opportunity to prioritize housing stability by not only extending the eviction moratorium, but also investing in a robust statewide rent subsidy to both address rent arrears and promote long-term housing stability. Additionally, state affordable housing and supportive housing commitments must prioritize maintaining and creating units for families with children.

Health In the health domain, several counties fall in the highest risk category, and fewer counties rank in the moderate low or lowest risk categories. For Yates, Oswego, St. Lawrence, Chemung, Monroe, Lewis, Allegany, Warren, Rensselaer, 6 US Census Bureau (2020) Household Pulse Survey Week 20, Housing Table 1b. Last Month’s Payment Status for Renter-Occupied Housing Units, https://census.gov


Wayne, Bronx, and Richmond counties, nearly all of these counties and several others have an Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) much higher than the state average of 4.5 per 1,000 births. In total, 33 counties have an IMR higher than the state average, and three counties (Chemung, Oswego, St. Lawrence) have an IMR nearly two times the national average of 5.7 per 1,000 births.

New York State boasts one of the lowest uninsured rates for children at 2.4% statewide compared to 5.2% of children nationwide. In 28 counties, the percentage of children without health insurance exceeds the New York State average of 2.4 % and several counties have double or triple this threshold with special attention needed in several counties with smaller populations.

As we consider the pandemic's impact on illness, loss of life, economic insecurity, as well as disruption in access to health and behavioral health care, and children’s everyday interactions with friends in child care, preschool and school settings, the level of trauma experienced by children and families is sobering. And more than one in five adults report feeling down, depressed, or hopeless.7 These data point to the critical opportunity to ensure children have health care coverage, make certain that coverage for babies and their caregivers is continuous, and prioritize investments in programs essential to healthy child development and maternal well-being. The data also underscore the necessity for the state to support a children’s behavioral health care continuum, with a focus on facilitating the integration of child and adolescent primary and behavioral health care and ensuring that behavioral health care is accessed in schools and early care and early education settings across the state.

Education In the Education domain, counties falling within the highest risk category include Bronx, Chemung, Franklin, Montgomery, Schenectady, Seneca, Sullivan, and Yates. In these counties, graduation rates and pass rates for Math and English Language Arts (ELA) standardized tests are about half the rates of counties in the lowest risk category.

Importantly, only 5 of 62 counties have Math pass rates above 50%—Nassau, New York, Queens, Richmond, Saratoga, and Westchester—and these same five counties, plus Putnam, are the only counties with ELA pass rates above 50%. In three counties—Franklin, Sullivan, and Seneca—fewer than 30% of students meet Math and ELA standards. Furthermore, in New York State, 22 counties have graduation rates lower than the state average of 83%.

7 Annie E. Casey Foundation analysis of Household Pulse Survey (2020) Kids, Families, and COVID- 19, https://www.aecf.org/ 8 US Census Bureau (2020) Household Pulse Survey Week 20, Education Table 2: Coronavirus Pandemic Impact on How Children Received Education, New York State, https://census.gov/

Most counties also struggle with early education enrollment. In 33 counties, fewer than 50% of 3 and 4-year-olds are enrolled in public or private early education programs. Most counties (50) have early education enrollment rates lower than the state average of 58.6%, and 23 counties fall behind the national average of 47.9%.

As we consider the pandemic's impact on children’s education with learning loss and profound barriers to remote learning, including canceled classes for one in three students in the state,8 these data point to the need to protect against cuts to state education aid and actively improve academic outcomes by increasing state commitments to counties through foundation aid, afterschool and community school funding. Furthermore, as the pandemic has had a detrimental impact on care giving arrangements and forced many parents and particularly women out of the workforce,9 it is critical that the state increase its investment in child care subsidies and Pre-Kindergarten, to both promote healthy child development and school readiness, and ensure parents remain employed or can reconnect to the job market.

Youth In the Youth domain, Bronx and Franklin counties rank in the highest risk category, and Jefferson, Washington, Greene, Fulton, Schuyler, Lewis, Steuben, Tioga, and Orleans Counties ranked as moderate high risk category. These counties have high rates of youth unemployment (20 to 24-year-olds) and teens (16 to 19-year-olds) who are not enrolled in school and not in the labor force, and many have higher teen birth rates.

In 25 out of 62 counties, the percent of teens who are not in school and not in the labor force exceeds the NYS average of 4.7%, with six counties exceeding 10% of teens. Similarly, 21 counties have rates of youth unemployment exceeding the state average of 12%, and some counties (Bronx and Franklin) have youth unemployment rates exceeding 20%.

As we consider the effect on loss of income for about two-thirds of young adults ages 18 to 24 since the start of the pandemic10 as well as the heightened social isolation, depression and anxiety this population is experiencing, these data point to the need to protect and expand services that prevent youth disconnection from school and work and improve outcomes for youth who are already system involved. State investments in summer youth employment should be expanded upon; the State’s EITC should include eligibility for young childless adults; access to behavioral health care should prioritized for system involved youth; and Solutions Not Suspensions legislation should be enacted.

9 See CCC analysis of Household Pulse Survey and COVID-19 series, https://www.cccnewyork.org/ 10 US Census Bureau (2020) Household Pulse Survey Week 20, Employment Table 1: Experienced and Expected Loss of Employment Income, New York State, https://census.gov/


Family & Community Bronx county ranks in the highest risk category and another three New York City counties (Kings, New York, Queens) rank in the moderate high risk category. This domain examines the share of adults without a high school degree, the share of children in single parent households, and rate of violent crimes (murder, rape, robbery, and aggravated assault) per 100,000 residents. Higher rates of violent crime exist in Bronx, Kings, New York and Queens counties and may be influenced by population density. County-level data for the other two indicators—share of adults without a high school degree and share of children in single parent headed households—are more similar than different across the state.

More than a quarter of children in 51 counties live in households headed by a single parent. Nationwide, 30% of children live in households headed by a single parent, in New York 42 counties exceed this national average. In 36 counties, more than 10% of adults do not have a high school degree, with eight counties exceeding the state average of 13.5%.

As we consider the disproportionate impact of the pandemic on communities of color, as well as heightened economic insecurity for more than one in three households in the state who find it somewhat or very difficult to pay for usual

household expenses,11 these data point to the importance of ensuring counties are equitably resourced. Families headed by single parents or adults without a high school degree are more likely to experience financial hardship compared to households headed by married couples or adults with a high school (or higher) degree, respectively. For this reason, and as noted in discussions of previous domains, efforts to lift incomes and ensure accessible health and behavioral health care, affordable housing, well-resourced schools and access to child care and youth programming are all critical to the well-being of New York’s children and their families. In addition, the data in this domain call attention to the opportunity to protect state investments in programs that combat child abuse and neglect prevention and address food insecurity. Child safety and family stability are achieved by helping parents and caregivers’ access economic and food aid, employment and peer supports they need.

Summary Tables The following pages include tables summarizing the overall and domain specific ranking and risk categories, and data for each of the indicators in the index by county and statewide. These data are not parsed by race/ethnicity or other demographics, but demographic profiles for each county and statewide are included as an appendix.

11 US Census Bureau (2020) Household Pulse Survey Week 20, Household Spending Table 1: Difficulty Paying for Usual Household Expenses, New York State, https://census.gov/


LEGEND Highest Risk Moderate High Moderate Moderate Low Lowest Risk DOMAIN RANK & CATEGORY

COUNTY OVERALL

INDEX SCORE OVERALL

RANK OVERALL

RISK CATEGORY ECONOMIC SECURITY HOUSING HEALTH EDUCATION YOUTH

FAMILY & COMMUNITY

Albany 0.32 50 Moderate Low 52 32 21 50 53 19 Allegany 0.35 38 Moderate Low 11 55 7 47 47 36 Bronx 0.78 1 Highest Risk 1 1 11 1 2 1 Broome 0.41 16 Moderate Low 14 19 17 23 37 21 Cattaraugus 0.38 29 Moderate Low 12 44 27 37 24 26 Cayuga 0.41 17 Moderate Low 31 40 13 17 19 10 Chautauqua 0.45 6 Moderate Risk 3 22 31 18 20 13 Chemung 0.44 8 Moderate Risk 13 42 4 6 22 30 Chenango 0.38 28 Moderate Low 29 30 35 29 17 22 Clinton 0.36 35 Moderate Low 9 43 44 19 59 18 Columbia 0.35 39 Moderate Low 37 37 47 20 29 35 Cortland 0.32 45 Moderate Low 30 38 36 21 60 45 Delaware 0.39 23 Moderate Low 2 25 58 24 50 17 Dutchess 0.32 47 Moderate Low 57 8 33 39 49 52 Erie 0.39 26 Moderate Low 19 29 15 30 42 14 Essex 0.32 49 Moderate Low 53 46 46 49 15 40 Franklin 0.48 5 Moderate Risk 4 39 60 2 1 12 Fulton 0.44 10 Moderate Risk 8 50 51 7 6 5 Genesee 0.27 55 Lowest Risk 45 51 57 57 39 42 Greene 0.39 25 Moderate Low 35 16 56 32 5 25 Hamilton 0.23 59 Lowest Risk 56 60 62 15 62 20 Herkimer 0.37 34 Moderate Low 20 61 24 11 18 46 Jefferson 0.40 19 Moderate Low 16 53 28 25 3 38 Kings 0.50 2 Moderate Risk 7 3 37 44 21 2 Lewis 0.39 27 Moderate Low 25 34 6 43 8 51 Livingston 0.31 51 Moderate Low 32 15 53 45 58 49 Madison 0.30 52 Moderate Low 49 59 19 34 44 48 Monroe 0.42 14 Moderate Risk 22 20 5 33 32 11 Montgomery 0.48 4 Moderate Risk 5 18 42 5 12 9 Nassau 0.20 60 Lowest Risk 61 11 41 62 55 60 New York 0.37 31 Moderate Low 42 9 38 56 43 3 Niagara 0.35 36 Moderate Low 26 45 20 40 35 23 Oneida 0.43 12 Moderate Risk 10 35 26 10 25 8 Onondaga 0.40 20 Moderate Low 23 27 29 12 36 16 Ontario 0.25 58 Lowest Risk 54 47 50 51 56 57 Orange 0.32 46 Moderate Low 50 7 55 52 31 54 Orleans 0.40 18 Moderate Low 15 48 25 26 11 24 Oswego 0.50 3 Moderate Risk 6 12 2 13 16 15 Otsego 0.34 41 Moderate Low 43 23 16 35 48 50 Putnam 0.17 62 Lowest Risk 62 24 54 60 52 62 Queens 0.44 9 Moderate Risk 44 4 23 38 28 4 Rensselaer 0.34 40 Moderate Low 36 41 9 42 45 28 Richmond 0.39 24 Moderate Low 40 5 12 46 38 33 Rockland 0.33 43 Moderate Low 55 2 52 55 33 59 Saratoga 0.17 61 Lowest Risk 59 56 45 61 54 61 Schenectady 0.42 13 Moderate Risk 47 33 14 9 14 6 Schoharie 0.32 44 Moderate Low 24 57 61 28 26 27 Schuyler 0.39 22 Moderate Low 28 28 18 41 7 34 Seneca 0.35 37 Moderate Low 34 54 40 3 51 37 St. Lawrence 0.44 11 Moderate Risk 17 21 3 14 30 29 Steuben 0.38 30 Moderate Low 18 58 30 27 9 39 Suffolk 0.28 53 Lowest Risk 58 6 32 53 46 58 Sullivan 0.42 15 Moderate Risk 21 26 48 8 23 7 Tioga 0.33 42 Moderate Low 41 52 49 31 10 53 Tompkins 0.28 54 Lowest Risk 51 13 34 54 61 56 Ulster 0.37 33 Moderate Low 46 14 43 16 34 41 Warren 0.32 48 Moderate Low 48 31 8 58 40 44 Washington 0.40 21 Moderate Low 38 36 22 22 4 32 Wayne 0.37 32 Moderate Low 27 49 10 36 27 31 Westchester 0.26 56 Lowest Risk 60 10 39 59 41 47 Wyoming 0.25 57 Lowest Risk 39 62 59 48 57 43 Yates 0.45 7 Moderate Risk 33 17 1 4 13 55


ECONOMIC SECURITY HOUSING

COUNTY Child

Poverty Median Income

Families with Children Labor Force Participation

Families with Children Rent

Burden Rental

Overcrowding Students in

Temporary Housing Albany County 16.0% $87,031 93.6%

24.5% 1.6% 2.9%

Allegany County 26.3% $54,181 92.2%

19.4% 1.7% 1.0% Bronx County 40.8% $36,090 85.4%

33.1% 14.0% 19.7%

Broome County 23.0% $60,297 90.9%

28.5% 3.1% 3.3% Cattaraugus County 22.5% $53,726 91.1%

21.7% 3.2% 1.2%

Cayuga County 16.7% $62,718 93.2%

21.9% 2.2% 2.8% Chautauqua County 29.0% $51,954 87.5%

28.0% 3.0% 2.1%

Chemung County 20.8% $58,116 90.3%

24.7% 1.5% 0.8% Chenango County 18.7% $54,917 94.6%

21.3% 5.7% 1.9%

Clinton County 19.4% $61,869 87.5%

22.2% 1.9% 2.6% Columbia County 16.3% $67,672 93.0%

22.5% 2.4% 3.0%

Cortland County 17.1% $60,852 93.5%

23.3% 2.5% 1.5% Delaware County 29.9% $55,044 87.0%

23.3% 6.7% 0.7%

Dutchess County 11.8% $97,443 95.7%

28.9% 8.9% 2.3% Erie County 21.6% $ 71,276 90.5%

25.8% 2.2% 2.4%

Essex County 11.5% $65,432 95.1%

19.9% 4.8% 0.5% Franklin County 25.3% $60,600 85.7%

21.8% 2.9% 2.2%

Fulton County 21.9% $52,110 89.7%

20.8% 1.8% 1.8% Genesee County 17.9% $73,534 93.8%

21.1% 1.7% 1.5%

Greene County 15.1% $71,467 91.8%

30.4% 4.1% 1.5% Hamilton County 7.1% $48,750 100.0%

19.9% 0.0% 0.0%

Herkimer County 21.8% $62,891 92.2%

13.7% 3.2% 0.6% Jefferson County 20.5% $53,760 91.3%

18.5% 3.0% 1.3%

Kings County 29.3% $56,428 91.5%

29.0% 11.9% 10.9% Lewis County 23.9% $60,531 95.0%

26.6% 0.5% 2.0%

Livingston County 16.2% $68,915 92.3%

30.9% 3.4% 2.5% Madison County 11.9% $73,575 93.2%

17.4% 1.6% 1.1%

Monroe County 21.9% $71,436 91.5%

28.5% 2.4% 3.4% Montgomery County 30.5% $45,625 90.7%

28.0% 3.1% 4.1%

Nassau County 7.1% $138,625 96.8%

29.1% 7.2% 2.3% New York County 22.3% $106,366 90.8%

21.4% 6.7% 12.1%

Niagara County 19.2% $67,578 92.5%

22.1% 2.5% 1.6% Oneida County 25.7% $63,040 90.4%

23.9% 2.8% 1.3%

Onondaga County 21.6% $72,103 91.3%

25.2% 3.0% 3.3% Ontario County 13.0% $78,827 94.2%

21.2% 2.5% 2.2%

Orange County 18.6% $89,194 94.3%

29.1% 8.0% 3.4% Orleans County 20.0% $49,634 91.5%

18.4% 5.2% 1.0%

Oswego County 27.9% $54,380 88.6%

26.9% 5.6% 4.5% Otsego County 18.5% $ 66,921 94.9%

27.7% 3.4% 1.4%

Putnam County 4.9% $131,511 97.2%

27.0% 4.2% 0.5% Queens County 17.1% $65,134 94.6%

28.0% 12.7% 7.0%

Rensselaer County 18.9% $76,309 92.7%

20.5% 3.0% 3.0% Richmond County 17.3% $93,247 90.0%

29.2% 8.0% 4.7%

Rockland County 24.7% $97,255 97.3%

34.9% 15.6% 1.8% Saratoga County 7.2% $104,072 96.6%

17.2% 2.2% 2.2%

Schenectady County 16.1% $80,367 92.9%

24.7% 1.8% 2.2% Schoharie County 18.6% $64,265 91.5%

18.9% 2.0% 0.6%

Schuyler County 20.8% $64,474 93.9%

22.0% 6.0% 2.3% Seneca County 15.0% $61,957 93.1%

19.5% 0.8% 3.1%

St. Lawrence County 25.2% $58,459 92.9%

25.6% 3.7% 4.1% Steuben County 20.0% $58,905 90.9%

17.0% 2.1% 2.0%

Suffolk County 9.3% $117,262 95.1%

32.2% 6.8% 2.3% Sullivan County 22.1% $64,148 92.6%

21.6% 5.1% 4.2%

Tioga County 13.6% $72,556 91.8%

19.0% 3.6% 0.9% Tompkins County 14.4% $80,240 93.9%

33.1% 2.5% 2.0%

Ulster County 17.1% $75,699 93.3%

30.3% 3.9% 2.8% Warren County 14.7% $71,567 93.6%

23.7% 2.3% 2.8%

Washington County 16.1% $58,021 94.5%

22.4% 3.0% 2.3% Wayne County 16.1% $64,593 91.8%

18.7% 3.6% 2.2%

Westchester County 11.1% $127,821 96.0%

28.5% 8.2% 1.9% Wyoming County 15.2% $64,058 93.3%

15.4% 1.1% 1.3%

Yates County 15.1% $64,847 92.5%

30.5% 2.7% 3.0% NEW YORK STATE 20.6% $75,565 92.5%

27.1% 8.6% 5.9%


HEALTH EDUCATION

COUNTY Uninsured

Children Infant Mortality

Rate Low Birthweight

Babies

Early Education

Enrollment Math/ELA

Pass Rates Graduation

Rate Albany 1.6% 5 8.4%

54.6% 45/46% 85.0%

Allegany 8.5% 6.2 8.2%

53.4% 42/40% 87.0% Bronx 2.6% 5.3 9.8%

55.1% 30/35% 65.0%

Broome 2.3% 5.1 8.6%

49.2% 41/38% 81.0% Cattaraugus 8.2% 4.9 6.9%

46.8% 46/41% 86.0%

Cayuga 5.6% 7.7 6.9%

50.2% 40/32% 81.0% Chautauqua 6.2% 5.9 6.2%

46.1% 38/38% 82.0%

Chemung 3.6% 11.1 7.1%

48.4% 34/32% 75.0% Chenango 4.0% 8.2 4.7%

57.6% 37/32% 82.0%

Clinton 1.7% 7 4.9%

36.5% 41/42% 86.0% Columbia 1.4% 3.9 6.5%

49.6% 35/38% 82.0%

Cortland 4.7% 4.2 7.1%

48.8% 35/32% 85.0% Delaware 3.7% 2.8 5.6%

47.9% 35/32% 86.0%

Dutchess 2.2% 3.9 8.1%

56.2% 40/40% 84.0% Erie 1.8% 4.8 9.1%

52.0% 40/40% 81.0%

Essex 1.6% 0 9.2%

54.2% 37/43% 89.0% Franklin 6.3% 2.3 4.1%

34.0% 24/25% 85.0%

Fulton 4.6% 1.9 6.7%

46.6% 33/33% 76.0% Genesee 2.1% 1.8 6.7%

59.1% 48/43% 90.0%

Greene 3.7% 0 7.8%

49.1% 34/32% 89.0% Hamilton 0.5% 0 3.7%

33.3% 40/45% 85.0%

Herkimer 5.9% 5.1 7.3%

41.6% 39/32% 84.0% Jefferson 4.6% 6.5 6.5%

42.0% 43/42% 83.0%

Kings 2.6% 3.9 7.7%

66.8% 47/49% 73.0% Lewis 6.2% 9 7.2%

40.6% 44/45% 91.0%

Livingston 1.3% 4 5.8%

53.9% 45/38% 86.0% Madison 3.7% 6 7.4%

42.4% 47/41% 86.0%

Monroe 1.8% 8.4 9.3%

52.9% 41/39% 82.0% Montgomery 6.8% 3.3 6.7%

43.2% 29/30% 78.0%

Nassau 2.3% 3 7.8%

62.5% 60/58% 88.0% New York 1.8% 3.2 8.3%

75.7% 53/56% 73.0%

Niagara 1.5% 4.3 9.0%

57.3% 42/41% 82.0% Oneida 2.4% 5.5 7.7%

36.9% 40/37% 83.0%

Onondaga 2.3% 4.9 7.9%

45.6% 38/35% 81.0% Ontario 2.3% 3.1 6.7%

49.5% 48/41% 89.0%

Orange 2.3% 2.9 6.2%

62.4% 41/39% 86.0% Orleans 6.6% 4.9 7.3%

43.9% 37/36% 87.0%

Oswego 2.3% 11.2 8.1%

44.8% 38/32% 83.0% Otsego 4.8% 6.2 7.4%

53.5% 40/38% 84.0%

Putnam 1.7% 2.5 6.6%

66.2% 50/48% 90.0% Queens 3.4% 4.1 8.6%

55.8% 49/52% 76.0%

Rensselaer 1.9% 6.4 9.3%

50.1% 41/43% 87.0% Richmond 2.2% 7.3 8.6%

56.1% 46/52% 79.0%

Rockland 3.0% 3.1 6.1%

70.6% 43/43% 84.0% Saratoga 1.9% 3.7 7.0%

56.6% 60/55% 90.0%

Schenectady 3.1% 5.8 8.5%

47.2% 34/37% 75.0% Schoharie 2.6% 4.1 3.3%

48.9% 36/35% 86.0%

Schuyler 4.5% 6.2 7.4%

50.3% 37/41% 89.0% Seneca 14.4% 5.9 3.5%

31.4% 38/30% 80.0%

St. Lawrence 6.3% 11.7 6.5%

42.4% 36/34% 85.0% Steuben 5.5% 6 6.4%

41.3% 41/38% 87.0%

Suffolk 2.4% 4.6 7.8%

58.8% 43/43% 88.0% Sullivan 2.0% 2.5 7.3%

48.0% 28/27% 80.0%

Tioga 2.6% 2.3 7.2%

46.8% 42/34% 87.0% Tompkins 2.0% 6.5 6.4%

63.1% 47/45% 85.0%

Ulster 2.3% 3.4 7.4%

43.4% 37/36% 84.0% Warren 2.4% 3.7 11.1%

62.7% 50/48% 86.0%

Washington 5.3% 7.6 5.9%

49.1% 39/42% 80.0% Wayne 4.4% 8.4 7.5%

60.0% 35/32% 85.0%

Westchester 2.3% 3.5 7.9%

66.5% 53/51% 87.0% Wyoming 2.7% 2.9 5.5%

44.4% 48/41% 91.0%

Yates 37.9% 6.3 4.1%

34.4% 42/36% 76.0% NEW YORK STATE 2.7% 4.5 8.1%

58.6% 45/45% 83.0%


YOUTH FAMILY & COMMUNITY

COUNTY Teen Birth

Rate Teens Not in

School/Labor Force Youth

Unemployment No High School

Degree Single Parent

Families Violent Crimes per

100,000 People Albany County 9.1 3.4% 8.0% 7.3% 35.5% 364.1 Allegany County 12.9 4.2% 7.0% 10.0% 32.7% 164.0 Bronx County 21.0 7.4% 20.4% 28.0% 57.9% 860.6 Broome County 13.5 2.4% 11.4% 9.5% 33.1% 318.9 Cattaraugus County 18.4 3.9% 12.0% 11.5% 33.4% 165.6 Cayuga County 16.3 6.1% 13.6% 12.3% 37.0% 258.5 Chautauqua County 19.6 5.7% 11.7% 11.1% 35.4% 284.5 Chemung County 23.1 9.7% 6.3% 9.7% 36.1% 160.5 Chenango County 25.5 5.5% 9.2% 11.8% 35.9% 184.5 Clinton County 9.8 3.2% 5.6% 12.1% 34.2% 219.4 Columbia County 10.9 11.1% 9.6% 9.6% 33.3% 172.5 Cortland County 8.0 2.5% 6.7% 9.3% 32.8% 124.2 Delaware County 12.1 3.0% 7.9% 11.8% 37.8% 174.4 Dutchess County 7.0 2.6% 11.0% 9.5% 23.6% 184.7 Erie County 14.9 3.9% 8.0% 8.6% 34.4% 388.2 Essex County 17.1 4.3% 15.3% 8.9% 34.1% 146.3 Franklin County 23.7 6.8% 22.6% 13.2% 41.0% 141.8 Fulton County 21.0 10.8% 12.5% 12.6% 41.6% 276.1 Genesee County 18.2 3.5% 7.2% 7.9% 31.0% 226.6 Greene County 7.4 26.0% 10.2% 12.8% 26.6% 245.9 Hamilton County 10.8 0.0% 4.9% 17.4% 31.4% 68.9 Herkimer County 15.6 4.5% 15.1% 10.1% 30.6% 118.5 Jefferson County 35.5 4.8% 10.7% 8.9% 30.9% 227.3 Kings County 13.1 6.8% 14.4% 18.4% 31.5% 549.4 Lewis County 25.3 6.3% 12.8% 10.2% 25.6% 123.2 Livingston County 6.1 3.4% 8.7% 10.3% 29.9% 92.9 Madison County 11.0 5.4% 8.6% 8.8% 27.9% 193.4 Monroe County 13.8 2.9% 12.3% 9.7% 38.8% 309.3 Montgomery County 28.1 4.8% 9.8% 14.2% 38.7% 163.9 Nassau County 5.9 3.9% 9.3% 8.8% 15.7% 111.6 New York County 8.7 4.1% 10.9% 13.0% 34.0% 544.0 Niagara County 18.4 3.6% 8.2% 8.8% 35.8% 291.8 Oneida County 20.2 5.2% 9.8% 11.4% 37.8% 284.7 Onondaga County 13.5 3.7% 10.7% 9.3% 36.9% 300.4 Ontario County 9.4 2.0% 8.3% 6.6% 28.0% 120.3 Orange County 14.9 5.8% 9.8% 10.3% 19.7% 209.1 Orleans County 19.1 8.6% 12.6% 12.9% 33.5% 160.2 Oswego County 20.5 3.1% 13.7% 12.2% 38.6% 162.4 Otsego County 5.6 4.0% 10.9% 8.8% 27.6% 161.9 Putnam County 2.9 2.1% 13.2% 7.0% 13.8% 55.4 Queens County 11.6 4.7% 13.7% 18.5% 27.6% 379.9 Rensselaer County 8.3 2.6% 10.9% 8.4% 34.5% 247.5 Richmond County 8.8 5.9% 10.7% 11.5% 23.7% 297.1 Rockland County 13.5 3.2% 11.6% 12.1% 13.7% 108.6 Saratoga County 7.5 2.5% 9.4% 5.9% 21.2% 102.2 Schenectady County 17.4 4.2% 15.2% 9.7% 33.2% 468.1 Schoharie County 11.7 1.9% 16.3% 10.4% 39.7% 88.1 Schuyler County 31.4 10.6% 6.9% 10.7% 36.1% 85.1 Seneca County 14.2 5.5% 4.9% 14.6% 24.8% 139.3 St. Lawrence County 9.9 4.0% 14.6% 11.3% 34.3% 140.8 Steuben County 19.0 6.9% 14.5% 10.0% 31.5% 169.0 Suffolk County 10.0 3.8% 9.1% 9.6% 19.8% 103.1 Sullivan County 16.5 6.8% 11.8% 13.8% 34.7% 264.2 Tioga County 20.9 4.5% 15.0% 9.2% 28.6% 90.8 Tompkins County 4.3 0.8% 7.9% 5.8% 30.5% 150.1 Ulster County 10.1 4.7% 12.0% 9.5% 31.8% 161.1 Warren County 16.3 3.2% 8.0% 8.3% 34.1% 152.0 Washington County 17.6 10.6% 15.3% 12.3% 31.8% 121.2 Wayne County 18.3 5.0% 10.6% 10.6% 32.0% 193.1 Westchester County 6.9 4.0% 12.5% 12.2% 22.9% 174.8 Wyoming County 9.3 4.2% 6.6% 10.4% 29.7% 159.5 Yates County 10.1 13.3% 13.2% 13.8% 19.2% 69.6 NEW YORK STATE 12.4 4.7% 12.0% 13.5% 30.7% 350.6


COUNTY TOTAL

POPULATION CHILD

POPULATION SHARE

CHILDREN RENTERS Albany 307,426 57,396 18.7% 37.5% Allegany 47,025 9,586 20.4% 22.9% Bronx 1,437,872 361,080 25.1% 79.3% Broome 194,402 37,961 19.5% 31.4% Cattaraugus 77,686 17,440 22.4% 25.4% Cayuga 77,868 15,627 20.1% 26.4% Chautauqua 129,656 26,748 20.6% 27.2% Chemung 85,740 18,660 21.8% 30.0% Chenango 48,348 10,141 21.0% 23.1% Clinton 80,794 14,535 18.0% 29.9% Columbia 60,919 10,965 18.0% 25.7% Cortland 48,123 9,436 19.6% 30.8% Delaware 45,502 7,854 17.3% 24.6% Dutchess 293,894 57,051 19.4% 27.2% Erie 919,866 188,543 20.5% 31.2% Essex 37,751 6,325 16.8% 23.2% Franklin 50,692 9,912 19.6% 24.9% Fulton 53,743 10,977 20.4% 28.2% Genesee 58,112 11,934 20.5% 24.4% Greene 47,617 8,057 16.9% 23.4% Hamilton 4,575 633 13.8% 15.7% Herkimer 62,505 13,061 20.9% 25.2% Jefferson 114,448 27,777 24.3% 42.4% Kings 2,600,747 599,759 23.1% 66.4% Lewis 26,719 6,192 23.2% 18.5% Livingston 63,907 11,596 18.1% 23.6% Madison 71,359 13,922 19.5% 21.0% Monroe 744,248 157,373 21.1% 32.8% Montgomery 49,426 11,285 22.8% 30.5% Nassau 1,356,564 295,105 21.8% 17.2% New York 1,632,480 235,771 14.4% 76.7% Niagara 211,704 42,846 20.2% 25.0% Oneida 230,782 49,082 21.3% 30.6% Onondaga 464,242 100,050 21.6% 31.8% Ontario 109,472 22,565 20.6% 22.4% Orange 378,227 97,099 25.7% 29.8% Orleans 41,175 8,165 19.8% 22.2% Oswego 119,104 25,429 21.4% 25.3% Otsego 60,244 9,878 16.4% 24.5% Putnam 99,070 20,311 20.5% 15.2% Queens 2,298,513 465,458 20.3% 52.5% Rensselaer 159,431 31,723 19.9% 33.4% Richmond 474,101 104,503 22.0% 26.2% Rockland 323,686 90,065 27.8% 31.8% Saratoga 227,377 46,969 20.7% 23.1% Schenectady 154,883 33,475 21.6% 27.9% Schoharie 31,364 5,655 18.0% 23.0% Schuyler 17,992 3,515 19.5% 22.7% Seneca 34,612 6,915 20.0% 23.1% St. Lawrence 109,558 22,418 20.5% 23.8% Steuben 96,927 21,208 21.9% 25.6% Suffolk 1,487,901 322,908 21.7% 17.6% Sullivan 75,211 16,032 21.3% 33.2% Tioga 49,045 10,495 21.4% 20.2% Tompkins 102,962 15,362 14.9% 39.9% Ulster 179,303 32,420 18.1% 28.5% Warren 64,480 11,956 18.5% 25.5% Washington 61,828 11,910 19.3% 25.6% Wayne 90,856 19,705 21.7% 21.0% Westchester 968,815 217,100 22.4% 36.5% Wyoming 40,565 8,064 19.9% 20.7% Yates 25,009 5,650 22.6% 17.7% NEW YORK STATE 19,618,453 4,141,633 21.1% 43.1%


COUNTY White Black/

African Am. Asian Nat. Hawaiian/

Pac. Islander Am. Indian/

Alaska Native Other Two or

more Hispanic/Latino

Any race Albany 75.6% 12.5% 6.5% 0.0% 0.2% 1.5% 3.7% 5.8% Allegany 95.4% 1.4% 1.1% 0.0% 0.3% 0.6% 1.2% 1.6% Bronx 21.3% 34.1% 3.6% 0.1% 0.7% 36.5% 3.6% 55.9% Broome 85.9% 5.7% 4.2% 0.0% 0.2% 0.9% 2.9% 4.1% Cattaraugus 92.0% 1.6% 0.8% 0.0% 3.1% 0.5% 2.0% 2.1% Cayuga 91.9% 4.3% 0.5% 0.0% 0.3% 0.7% 2.3% 2.9% Chautauqua 92.4% 2.6% 0.5% 0.1% 0.3% 2.0% 2.1% 7.4% Chemung 88.0% 6.1% 1.6% 0.0% 0.3% 0.6% 3.3% 3.0% Chenango 96.0% 1.0% 0.4% 0.0% 0.3% 0.5% 1.8% 2.1% Clinton 90.8% 4.3% 1.5% 0.0% 0.3% 1.8% 1.3% 2.9% Columbia 89.2% 4.4% 1.8% 0.0% 0.1% 1.7% 2.9% 4.6% Cortland 94.8% 1.5% 0.8% 0.0% 0.2% 0.5% 2.2% 2.7% Delaware 94.7% 1.8% 0.8% 0.0% 0.2% 0.9% 1.6% 3.8% Dutchess 78.3% 10.5% 3.6% 0.0% 0.4% 4.0% 3.2% 11.9% Erie 77.9% 13.4% 3.5% 0.0% 0.5% 2.2% 2.4% 5.4% Essex 93.2% 3.1% 0.4% 0.0% 0.2% 1.2% 1.9% 3.0% Franklin 82.4% 5.8% 0.5% 0.2% 7.1% 2.2% 1.7% 3.5% Fulton 94.6% 2.0% 0.7% 0.0% 0.4% 0.9% 1.4% 2.9% Genesee 91.9% 2.2% 0.8% 0.0% 0.9% 1.7% 2.4% 3.2% Greene 89.7% 6.2% 1.1% 0.0% 0.6% 1.0% 1.4% 5.8% Hamilton 96.6% 0.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.3% 0.3% 1.9% 1.6% Herkimer 95.9% 1.4% 0.5% 0.1% 0.2% 0.5% 1.4% 2.1% Jefferson 86.1% 6.0% 1.6% 0.2% 0.5% 1.5% 4.0% 7.4% Kings 43.5% 32.6% 11.8% 0.0% 0.3% 8.9% 2.9% 19.2% Lewis 96.7% 0.8% 0.5% 0.1% 0.2% 0.7% 1.0% 1.7% Livingston 93.4% 2.8% 1.3% 0.0% 0.2% 0.7% 1.6% 3.5% Madison 94.7% 1.8% 0.9% 0.1% 0.7% 0.4% 1.5% 2.2% Monroe 76.1% 15.3% 3.6% 0.0% 0.5% 1.6% 3.0% 8.5% Montgomery 87.8% 2.0% 0.8% 0.0% 0.1% 6.2% 2.9% 13.7% Nassau 68.6% 11.7% 9.3% 0.0% 0.3% 7.1% 3.0% 16.6% New York 56.2% 14.8% 12.0% 0.1% 0.4% 11.9% 4.6% 26.0% Niagara 87.5% 7.2% 1.1% 0.0% 1.0% 0.8% 2.5% 2.9% Oneida 85.7% 6.2% 4.0% 0.0% 0.2% 1.5% 2.4% 5.6% Onondaga 79.9% 11.4% 3.7% 0.0% 0.5% 1.0% 3.4% 4.8% Ontario 92.7% 2.5% 1.3% 0.0% 0.4% 1.4% 1.6% 4.6% Orange 74.0% 10.8% 2.7% 0.1% 0.3% 8.6% 3.5% 20.0% Orleans 88.8% 6.2% 0.8% 0.1% 0.4% 1.9% 1.8% 4.8% Oswego 95.6% 1.1% 0.7% 0.0% 0.2% 0.5% 1.8% 2.5% Otsego 93.4% 2.1% 1.4% 0.0% 0.2% 1.0% 2.0% 3.6% Putnam 87.7% 2.9% 2.0% 0.0% 0.2% 4.9% 2.2% 14.3% Queens 39.0% 18.3% 25.3% 0.0% 0.4% 13.5% 3.5% 28.0% Rensselaer 86.3% 6.4% 2.6% 0.0% 0.1% 1.0% 3.6% 4.8% Richmond 74.3% 10.2% 8.7% 0.0% 0.2% 4.0% 2.5% 18.3% Rockland 70.7% 12.3% 5.9% 0.0% 0.2% 8.1% 2.8% 17.4% Saratoga 92.9% 1.7% 2.8% 0.0% 0.2% 0.5% 1.7% 3.1% Schenectady 77.3% 10.3% 4.6% 0.0% 0.2% 3.3% 4.2% 6.9% Schoharie 95.7% 1.7% 0.9% 0.0% 0.2% 0.4% 1.1% 3.1% Schuyler 96.4% 1.2% 0.6% 0.0% 0.2% 0.2% 1.4% 1.7% Seneca 91.5% 4.9% 0.7% 0.0% 0.4% 0.7% 1.8% 3.3% St. Lawrence 92.9% 2.4% 1.1% 0.1% 0.8% 1.0% 1.8% 2.3% Steuben 94.9% 1.6% 1.5% 0.0% 0.1% 0.4% 1.4% 1.6% Suffolk 80.7% 7.9% 3.9% 0.0% 0.3% 4.9% 2.3% 18.9% Sullivan 80.7% 8.4% 1.6% 0.0% 0.3% 5.0% 4.1% 15.7% Tioga 96.6% 0.7% 0.7% 0.0% 0.2% 0.2% 1.6% 1.9% Tompkins 80.5% 4.1% 10.1% 0.0% 0.2% 1.3% 3.7% 5.0% Ulster 84.9% 5.9% 1.9% 0.1% 0.2% 2.8% 4.2% 10.0% Warren 95.8% 1.3% 1.0% 0.0% 0.3% 0.3% 1.2% 2.5% Washington 93.8% 3.3% 0.6% 0.0% 0.3% 0.6% 1.5% 2.7% Wayne 93.2% 2.9% 0.7% 0.1% 0.2% 0.9% 2.1% 4.3% Westchester 65.1% 14.7% 5.9% 0.0% 0.4% 10.8% 3.1% 24.3% Wyoming 91.6% 4.5% 0.4% 0.0% 0.6% 1.1% 1.8% 3.3% Yates 96.2% 0.9% 0.8% 0.0% 0.2% 0.7% 1.2% 2.2% NEW YORK STATE 63.8% 15.6% 8.3% 0.0% 0.4% 8.8% 3.1% 18.9%


Data Sources & Notes Economic Security

Child Poverty: The percentage of children under 18 with incomes below the Federal Poverty Level. Source: American Community Survey, Table S1701, 5-year estimates (2015-2018).

Median Income for Families with Children: Median income for families with children in 2018. Source: American Community Survey, Table S1903, 5-year estimates (2015-2018).

Share of Families in the Labor Force: The percentage of families with children where one or more parent is in the labor force. Source: American Community Survey, Table S2302, 5-year estimates (2015-2018).

Housing Severe Rent Burden: The percentage of renters who spend more than 50% of their income on rent. Source: American Community Survey, Table B25070, 5-year estimates (2015-2018).

Rental Overcrowding: The percentage of renters who live in households with more than one person per room. Source: American Community Survey, Table B25014, 5-year estimates (2015-2018).

Students in Temporary Housing: The percentage of students enrolled who experienced homelessness at any point in the 2017-2018 school year, including living doubled up, in hotel/motel, in shelter, or unsheltered. Source: NYSED Data on Student Homelessness, SIRS Data (retrieved through NYS Teach); NYSED IRS Historical Enrollment for 2017-18.

Health Infant Mortality Rate: Infant deaths under 1 year of age per 1,000 live births. Source: NYS Vital Statistics, Table 45 (2017)

Low Birthweight Babies: The percentage of live births where baby's birthweight was <2500g. Source: NYS Vital Statistics, Table 11a (2017)

Uninsured Children: The percentage of children under the age of 19 lacking health insurance. Source: American Community Survey, 5-year estimates (2015-2018)

Education Early Education Enrollment: The percentage of three and four-year-olds enrolled in school. Source: American Community Survey, Table S1401, 5-year estimates (2015-2018).

English Language Arts (ELA) & Math Standardized Test Scores: The percentage of 3rd to 8th graders scoring proficiently (levels 3+4) on ELA and Math standard tests in 2018. Source: NYSED 3-8th Assessment Database (2017-18).

Graduation Rate: The percentage of the 2014 high school cohort who graduated within four years (as of June). Source: NYSED Graduation Rate Database (2017-18).

Youth Teens Not in School and Not in the Labor Force: The percentage of 16- to 19-year-olds who are not enrolled in school and not in the labor force. Source: American Community Survey, Table B14005, 5-year estimates (2015-2018).

Youth Unemployment: The unemployment rate for 20- to 24-year-olds. American Community Survey, Table S2301, 5-year estimates (2015-2018).

Teen Birth Rate: Births to 15- to 19-year-old per 1,000 girls 15 to 19 years of age. Source: NYS Vital Statistics, Table 7 & 1a (2017)

Family and Community Adults with No High School Degree: The percentage of adults older than 25 without a high school degree. Source: American Community Survey, Table S1501, 5-year estimates (2015-2018)

Share of Children in Single Parent Families: The percentage of children living in homes headed by a single mother or single father. Source: American Community Survey, Table B09002, 5-year estimates (2015-2018)

Violent Crime Rate: Instances of violent crime (murder, rape, robbery, and aggravated assault) per 100,000 residents. Source: NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, 2018 County Violent Crime Counts and Rates per 100,000 Population

Demographics Population and Renters: American Community Survey, Table B25008, 5-year estimates (2015-2018)

Race and Hispanic Origin: American Community Survey, Table S0601, 5-year estimates (2015-2018)

14 Wall Street, Suite 4ENew York, NY 10005(212)[email protected]

Child & Family Well-being in New York StateRanking Risks Across 62 CountiesJanuary 2021

child & family well-being in new york state

Documents