chesapeake bay research project. may 5, 2005 by: northside middle school students: adam foster,...
TRANSCRIPT
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Chesapeake Bay Research Project
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May 5, 2005
By: Northside Middle School Students:Adam Foster, Anthony Phillips & April Smitheman
Guidance provided by www.rkpuma.com
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Table of Contents• History• Geography• Flora• Fauna• Industry• Recreation• Problems/Threats• Solutions
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History of the Bay• The bay was formed
from natural events during the last ice age.
• The first to enter the bay was Vicente Gonzalez.
• John Smith was the first to thoroughly explore the bay.
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History of the Bay (cont.)
• The bay has been used for fishing for thousands of years.
• The word Chesapeake means in Indian, “Great Shellfish Bay”.
• You can catch Rockfish, Bluefish, Flounder along with many other fish species.
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Bay Geography• The Chesapeake covers
64,000 square miles.• Tributary rivers include
the Susquehanna, Patuxent, Potomac, Rappahanock, York and James.
• Chesapeake waters flow into the Atlantic Ocean at Hampton Roads at the Bay's southeastern end.
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Bay Geography (cont.)
• The length of the Bay is about189 miles.
• It is about 4 miles wide near Annapolis, Maryland.
• It is 30 miles at its widest, near the mouth of the Potomac River.
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Bay Flora1. Sea Grass
2. Phytoplankton
3. Sea lettuce
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Plant 1• Bay grasses improve
water quality and provide food and shelter for animals.
• 16 species of underwater grass are found in the Bay.
• 64,000 acres of grasses were in the Bay in 2003, much less than the year before.
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Plant 2• Algae (Phytoplankton)
are small, microscopic plants.
• They are photosynthetic, and produce their own food from sunlight.
• Phytoplankton are a primary producer of the oxygen we breathe.
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Plant 3• Sea Lettuce (Seaweed)
are found in brackish and higher salinity waters of the Bay.
• When seaweed over-grows, it can reduce oxygen for other organisms.
• It grows in waters that are nutrient-rich or polluted.
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Endangered Flora Species
1. American Lotus
2. Tawny Cottongrass
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Bay Fauna1. Blue Crabs
2. Striped Bass
3. Blue Fish
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Animal 1• Blue Crabs or
“Callinectes Sapidus” are ten-legged crustaceans.
• It walks sideways and defends itself with sharp pincer claws.
• The crab's favorite food are bivalves, but when scarce, cannibalism increases.
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Animal 2• Rockfish, Striped Bass or
“Morone Saxatilis” hatch 29 - 80 hours after fertilization.
• They are light green, olive, steel blue, brown or black.
• They get a name from the seven or eight dark, stripes along their sides.
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Animal 3• Bluefish or
“Pomatomus Saltatrix” or Snapper are found all along the east coast.
• They migrate north in the spring and and south in the fall.
• They travel in groups or “schools”.
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Endangered Fauna Species
1. Marine Turtles
2. Bald Eagle
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Bay IndustryBlue Crabs
OystersMenhaden
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Industry 1• Our bay has been the
largest producer of Blue Crabs in the country.
• Blue Crab harvests have been going down since the early 1980’s.
• The reasons are over-harvesting, disease and the loss of habitat.
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Industry 2• The Bay Oyster
harvests have gone down to less than 1% percent of its peak in the 1870’s.
• In 1980, the Bay provided the country with 50% of US oysters.
• The Bay now provides only 1-5% of oysters.
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Industry 3• Menhaden fish are
important because they have the ability to filter water.
• There is no quota to limit harvests.
• Over-fishing for Menhaden is ruining the Bay's most valuable resource.
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Bay Recreational UsesFishingBoatingCamping
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Recreational Use 1• Fishing is a popular
recreation on the Bay.
• It provides hours of fun for millions of people.
• Tourism is an important industry which provides many jobs.
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Recreational Use 2• Boating is also a
popular Bay recreation.
• Boat builders, supplies, sales, marinas, charters, and restaurants are all related Bay industries.
• Boat sales are falling.
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Recreational Use 3• Camping is another
popular Bay recreation.• There are many
campsites in Maryland and Virginia.
• Events include shows, festivals and fairs which attract visitors, because camping is fun, affordable lodging.
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Bay Problems/ThreatsNatural Threats
Industrial/Developmental Improper Disposition
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Problem 1• The Bay's pollution
is mostly from too many nutrients, nitrogen and phosphorus.
• These elements effect the food chain and ecosystem.
• When the delicate balance is upset, animals and plants die.
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Problem 2• Other pollutants are toxic
chemicals, air, and landscape changes.
• Wetlands are very fragile, but vital to the world’s ecosystem.
• Industry, property developers and lawmakers don’t always consider the value of our Bay.
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Problem 3
• Sedimentation involves particles carried off land and into waterways.
• Household and lawn care products in drains don’t help the problem.
• Improper disposal of auto products also plays a part.
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Bay SolutionsStudyAction
Awareness
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Solution 1• Studies for controlling
nutrients, nitrogen and phosphorus should be made.
• Laws, use guidelines and monitoring could play a bigger part.
• Education should be key for all who enjoy the Bay.
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Solution 2• Vote for those who
consider the Bay, more than potential revenue in development of our shorelines.
• Report dumping or activities which threaten your Bay community.
• Your family can increase awareness of materials you use everyday.
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Solution 3• Think of our beautiful
Bay and continue to increase your awareness of possible threats to it.
• Share what you learn with family and friends.
• Walk on the beach, collect shells, and watch the Bay shoreline closely, whenever you can.