cherry diseases lecture by allah dad khan provincial coordinator ipm kpk minfal
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Cherry Diseases A
Lecture To ToT trainees ( FFS)
By Mr. Allah Dad Khan
Provincial Coordinator IPM KPK
MINFAL Pakistan
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Crown and root rotPhytophthora spp.Symptoms
Poor new growth; leaves chlorotic, small in size and sparse; fruit may be small, brightly colored and susceptible to sunburn; shoots may suffer from dieback and tree will often die within weeks or months of first signs of infection or decline gradually over several seasons; root crown may show signs of decay which develops into a canker; bark of infected crown tissue turns dark brown; cankers may occur on aerial parts of plan
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Powdery mildew Podosphaera spp.
Symptoms
Light colored circular lesions on leaves inside tree canopy which develop a powdery appearance; lesions may coalesce to cover leaf; if infection is severe, leaves may blister and infected shoots may be distorted and stunted; infected fruits may have slightly depressed areas on the surface containing fungal hyphae (filamentous fungal structures)
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Silver leaf Chondrosterum pupureum
Symptoms
Leaves have a silvery appearance; if infection is severe the leaves may curl upwards and become necrotic; death of individual limbs or entire tree may occur; fungal fruiting bodies appear on the surface of the dead bark
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Bacterial cankerPseudomonas syringae
Symptoms
Cankers on twigs at bases of flower and leaf buds, in pruning wounds or at the base of spurs which exude amber colored gum; cankers spread upwards and form sunken areas in winter; if pathogen enters dormant buds they may be killed or open normally in Spring before collapsing in early Summer; infected buds may be symptomless
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Crown gallAgrobacterium spp
Symptoms
Galls on root and/or crown of tree which can range in size from so small they are not visible to the naked eye up to 10 cm (4 in) in diameter; galls first become visible as white, fleshy swellings that grow rapidly and become tan to brown in color; galls typically develop at the site of a wound and new galls form adjacent to old ones the next year
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X-diseaseX-disease mycoplasma-like organism (MLO)
Delayed fruit maturity caused by X-disease
Symptoms
Rapid or slow decline of tree depending on rootstock; in hypersensitive rootstocks such as Prunus mahaleb cherry scion is rapidly girdled; cherry grafted on susceptible rootstocks exhibit a slow decline over a number of years; leaves on infected limbs are small with a red tinge; fruit may mature late and color development may be incomplete; limbs experience dieback and the tree is killed
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Cherry leaf spotCoccomyces hiemalis
Symptoms Cherry leaf spot lesions on sweet cherry leaf
Small, red-purple spots on upper surfaces of leaves which turn brown and may coalesce; leaves may become chlorotic if there are a few lesions present; if tree becomes severely defoliated fruit may fail to develop properly and remain light in color and watery in texture
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Black knotApiosporina morbosaSymptoms Black knot on black cherry
stem
Elongated swellings (knots) on woody parts of tree which can reach up to 30 cm (12 in) long; knots are initially olive green in color with a corky texture but turn black in color and become hard and brittle; knots grow in length each year
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Black knotBlack knot symptoms on cherry
Black knot symptoms on cherry
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Brown rotMonilinia fructicola
Symptoms Cherry fruits infected with brown rot fungus
Brown discoloration of fruit skin and inner tissue; fruit skin wrinkled; collapsed flowers exuding sap from their bases; tan cankers with dark edges on twigs; gray-brown spore masses may be present on cankers
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Cherry rasp leafCherry rasp leaf virus (CRLV)
Symptoms Cherry leaves infected with cherry rasp leaf
Leaf like growths (enations) on underside of leaves near center; symptoms spread from lower parts of tree upwards; defoliation of limbs; decline of tree
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Sour cherry yellowsPrune dwarf virus (PDV)
Symptoms
Chlorotic rings or mottled pattern on newly expanded leaves of sour cherry which become necrotic and may drop out of leaves, giving them a shot hole appearance; leaves that expand after the initial symptoms have become visible display lesser and lesser symptoms; one or more years later leaves on infected trees become yellow with green mottle and drop from tree; fruit yield may be reduced by up to 50%; sweet cherry trees develop chlorotic spots or rings with some shot holes; fruiting spurs decrease in later years as the disease progresses; fruit on infected trees are generally firmer and larger than on uninfected
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Verticillium wiltVerticillium dahliae
Symptoms Symptoms of Verticillium wilt on sweet cherry tree
Withering of leaves on one or more spurs on 1 year old wood; leaves are dull and stunted; fruit small; older cherry trees do not recover from disease
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RustTranzschelia discolor
Symptoms
Pale yellow-green spots on both upper and lower leaf surfaces which are angular in shape and turn bright yellow in color; spots on lower leaf surface develop orange-red spores
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