chernigiv history

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CHERNIGOV SECRETS800 - 2012..

COZAKS,HIDEN GOLD, BLACK GRAVE,ST.ANTONYI MONASTERY and VIKINGS
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Repin_Cossacks.jpg


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To Chernihiv .

, .K 907, .

6 7 . , . , Chernihiv , 1300 . Chernihiv Russ , . 11 Chernihiv Chernihiv-Sivers'kyi . 1024, LystvenChernihiv Mstyslav Volodymyrovych . 11 Svyatoslav Yaroslavovych (1054-1073) . Yelets'kyi (1060) (1069) Chernihiv-Sivers'kyi. Chernihiv 12 - 13 . Chernihiv . Olhovychi. 450 , - 40 000 , . , . Chernihiv , , , , . Mongol . 14 Chernihiv . 1320 . 1340 . - 1503 Chernihiv Sivers'kyi . . Desna ( .


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) . , , . . Stryzhen , 17 .

Chernihiv , . 1611 Gornostay. 1618 Chernihiv , Dueling . 1623 Chernihiv Magdeburg Chernihiv . -. pidkomorni zemstvo ( ), ,

: Chernihiv Novhorod-Sivers'kyi. , . V - Vladyslav .Magdeburg . . . .

. .Borys Hlib Uspens'kyi . .

1648-1654 - Kyi .Hmelnyts . 1648 Chernihiv Martyn Nebaba( 1651) . Chernihiv .

1649 Stepan Podobailo . 10 Borys Hlib , . Yeletskyi , Pyatnyts'kyi . . - Polk () sotnias ( ).Hetman, , sotniks . Chernihiv , . - . voivode () .


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. / . 17 Chernihiv . 17 . LaMotte Deriver

. 1695. 18 Chernihiv Collegium . , Chernihiv . 18 , - Zamkova (), (Lyubech), Prohorili (Loyevs'ki) Vodyani (). - Zamkova (), Vodyana () . . " "

, , , , , , , . . 1708 Chernihiv . 4 2,5 , 365, . Chernihiv.

. Desna . . , , . - 2381, - 164, - 1124, - 141, - 51. 1786 . 1781 .

Chernihiv Myloradovych . 18 Chernihiv . . 705 , 4 , 4 , 12 , 2 . 1786, Chernihiv - Borys Hlib, . -St., Pyatnytskyi.

. 19 - 20 Chernihiv - ,


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zemstvo, ... 615. 1861 : 1897 27.716, 1913 35850. 19 .

Chernihiv " .... . , , 1895 . . 20 , -St. Petersburg Chernihiv Homel Chernihiv Kozelets .

138 ( 1912) . 19 . Chernihiv 1875. , . Chernihiv . () 19 . - ,

. : 1910 428 1912 734. 15 , 9 3 . 19 20 : zemstvo " ". 20 - . . 20 Chernihiv 3 , 2

, . 1916 . 1897 53% Chernihivites . WW Chernihiv 6,2 . 1917 . WW

19 - 20 . 1914 WW . Chernihiv . ,


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. , , . . . diarchy Chernihiv.

. . 1917-1919 Chernihiv. (Tsentral'naRada), Hetman Skoropads'kyi , , - Petlyura . 12 1919 Bohun Mykola Shchors . . , .

, 11. "Znamya " . 12 Chernihiv Denikin. . 7 . , . 9 1920 Chernihiv. Chernihiv Chernihiv. , , . 1921

cast, , . 7 1922"MOLOT Zhovtnevyi" ( " ") . 1925 11 . 35.500 Chernihiv. . 1924 . 30 .

. . 1923 Chernihiv. 1927-1929 . 1928 Chernihiv- "Tsehla" ( "Brick") Chernihiv-Homel . Chernihiv-Ovruch 1931 Chernihiv. -

. 32 1000 . . 1933 -


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, . 1934 M.M. Kotsyubyns'kyi . 1936 . 1937 . 1939 M. Shchors. 68,6 Chernihiv , 57 , 109

34 . , 6 policlinics, 2 , , 13 5 X-ray . 14 , 2 4 , 8 . Chernihivites . 9 1941 Chernihiv . - ,

, . , 3000 , Kryvolivshchyna - 20000,Podusivka - 15000, Yalivshchyna, Rashevshchyna, Malyeyev Riv Berezovyi Rih, ,. 52,5 Chernihivites . ,

, . 1943 13 Chernihiv. 21 , . Chernihiv . 50 57 , , , , . 70% . 1943

1944 . 1946 M.M. Kotsyubyns'kyi Chernihiv Ufa . 1948 91 279 Chernihiv. 1949 . 1950 Desna 1951 . 1956 Chernihiv , .

. Shevchenko 1959. 1961 Chernihiv CHP . 100 . , 240 1979


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257 1982. 20 . 1970 Pioneer Palace , 1973 Chernihiv Desnyans'kyi Novozavods'kyi . 1975, "Druzhba" , . 1980

Chernihiv . "Hradets'kyi" (1981) "Peremoha" (1984), # 12 "Desna" . 1986 - Chernihiv . .

Alley . 1991, . Chernihiv-Sivers'kyi


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Chernigiv

Chernigiv oblast

. ', 12 -13 , ., 15 .,

,

, Chernigiv , . Desna 140 907. 11 -13 , Chernigiv . 1654, Chernigiv Kyivan Rus, . ,

Cherniga. . , Chornyy, .

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? , , Chrnigiv, ? ? ? ?

Chernigiv Dytynets, . , 8 -12 , . , Dytynets Desna , . 11

. Kyivan , Prince , , Prince Svyatoslav. Chernigiv . Glib, Dytynets, 12 , .

,

18 Hetman Mazepa, , . 18 - Dytynets Chernigiv. oblast (.: 0462-43-236).

Chernigiv , Mezinska . 20 , . , , . Chernigiv VV Tarnovsky (4 ., .: 0462-

17-66-50, 17-67-93). " " Castanet !


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, .

Chernigiv

Chernigiv St Anthony - (92 .), KyivanRus. 1069 -Pechersk , , Chernigiv. ,

12 . . .

1960, , . 1970, , , ...

, , , '

. , - (1679), Feodosy Lavrenty , (1677) 58- . ! 1898 1913, Mikhailo Kotsyubinsky Chernigiv.

. . , Leonid Glibov, - .

Chernigiv Oblast

1669 1708 1750 1764, Baturin Hetmans Samoilovych Mazepa

Hetman, Kyryl Rozumovsky. (1799-1803) , . (.: 04635-48-437)


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, Rozumovsky , .

Kachanivka Reserve (.: 04633-24-193) . Tarnovskys, ,

18

1980. V. Tarnovsky Jr , , .

Novgorod-Siversky, Siversky 11 . , 1033 Vladymyrovych

Yaroslav , 1036. (1785-1787) A Word Regiment (. , .:04658-21-521).

, 10 Yuriev Kyivan Rus, , Oster

Kozelets. Nizhyn 1147. , . Nizhyn , 1820, Mykola .

Sosnytsa Mensky, , Dovzhenko , ' (Dovzhenko Tel. : 04655-21-590).

-Chernigiv van Lisova. UAH10 .

Ukraine International Airlines , . ,
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UIA 38 0 ( 44) 581-5050, UIA: www.flyUIA.com

Slovyansky Hotel Complex 200

-deluxe , , / , , . : Chernigiv, 33Myra Ave., Tel.: (04622) 74-604

Gradetsky Hotel Chernigiv 10 deluxe -deluxe , . : Chernigiv, 68 Myra Ave.,Tel.: (04622) 45-025

Etoile Cafe , Courage, , , .: Chernigiv, 50 Pyatnitska ., T.: (0462) 18-57-30

, .

:Chernigiv, 32 Myra Ave., : (04622) 7-41-65

Kachanivka Hotel 26 (UAH20 ), Tarnosky Palace.: Kachanivka Village, Ichnyanskiy ? Tel.: (04633) 24-115, 24-125

Mislivets-Cozelets 79 -95, 30 . 50 , 10- , braziers.: 79 , Chernigiv Route, Cozelets? T.: (04646) 42-454

Chernihiv Rus. Chernigov
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. 1992 1300. Chernigiv Desna Chernigiv Severa . Chernihiv 7 "Severa"

. Chernigov Cherny. "ChernyGrave". Rus. Chernihiv . Chernigov Mstyslav Tmutarakan.

Volodymyr . Mstyslav "TheBrave" , Volodymyr Baptizer , Prince Svyatoslav. Yaroslav Mstyslav Kyivan . 1024 Mstyslav Yaroslav . Rus

: -Rus -Rus Chernihiv. Mstyslav Spassky ( ) . . Chernihiv ! Mstyslav 1036 ( 3 ), Kyiv Prince

Yaroslav Rus . 1054Svyatoslav , Yaroslav Chernihiv 20 . Chernigov Yeletsky ( Fir) Uspensky ( ) Cathedral.

1069

Boldin Hills Chernigov. . Boldin Hills . - .


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Murom. Boldin Hills. Volodymyr Chernihiv (1078-1093). (1113). 1120Chernigiv Gleb

Val (). Parasceva Pyatnitsa , " Lay ( XII) Chernihiv. Lay , Prince Igor -Siversky Chernigiv Polovtsian 1185.

Chernigiv .

Chernigiv - 1239 Rus. Chernigov Chernihiv . 1503 Rus Chernigiv. , 1606 . (1648-1964)

Chernigiv Martyn Nebaba -in- Hetman Bogdan Khmelnitsky. 1696 Chernigov Hetman Jakob Lyzogub . Yekateryninska () . . , Pavlo Polubotok.

, 08/07/1709 ' Charles XII . PavloPolubotok . ' Polubotok Chernihiv . ! .

1679, Lazar Baranovych Troitskyi (Trinity) Boldin Hills. - .

1700 Chernigiv Collegium (), -Bank . . Tsarskoselsky


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Saint-Petersburg. Chernigiv . ' - .

Leonid Glibov Chernihiv Afanasiy Markovych Marko Vovchok (MariyaVilinska). Kotsubynskies Chernigov. Mikhail Kotsubynsky , . Chernigiv .

. ,

1069, Bolding Hills, Liubech, , , -Pechersk, ( ), ChernigovAntoniy . , Sviatoslav, ( 12 in), . , , . 350 , : Antoniy ,

. . . 10 12 C 100 . Totemsk, 8,4 ., , - . , . ,

. , , izlyubil Anthony Boldin, , . , , Boldino ,


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. , Chernigov , 12metrov, .

"", . Dnepropetrovsk. . , .

." , . . Antony . , .

Bolding . Antoniy - 11-19 .

. (kimitrii). . 1967, , - .Novoantonievy , , . 17. . . . , , ( ) . , . . . ,

Antoniy . , Novoantonievyh, , .


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200 , . , (). Novoantonievy , .

50 . , , , . , . , , , .

. 350 , : Antoniy , . . . 10 12 C 100 .

. Tunneling Eletsky Chernigov, Antoniy - , . . - . - . , Antoniy , , Eletski . 1892 , . 1908 XIV Chernihiv , "Elets . Eletsky ? .

. . - , . ,


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( ) . . , , , . . - . .

Chernigov Val Chernigov. , , . , . Chernigov

1667, Zagryazhskogo Strizhenov. . 2 19. Chernigov AV Verzilova , . , .

, , , . Verzilova, , 17-18 . , 1896, 1932, 1937, 1941 1945 . - . , Chernigov ., . ,

Chernigov - Eletskii - Bolding -Detinets. 11. Prince SvyatoslavYaroslavich , - Eletskii.


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18. , : 11., 17., 17., 16-18 . , Abbot 18. , Uglich .

Yelets , - Chernigov-Christian ( ) , 17. 1060 , , .

3, 1060 (). , , . " " . . , - " " Yelets Chernigov,

, ChernihivChernihiv, . , 1239 - . 16 Chernigov . . , . 1611 Chernihiv . , . 1623 . 1649 Chernihiv , Eletskii . . Baranovich,

St. Uglich, , , Collegium Chernigov, . Ionica Galyatovsky. ,


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, . . Elets priors, DaniloTuptalo - . , . Dmitry . , Yelets .

VsevolodTrubchevsk Svyatoslavovych, Pereyaslav LA Polubotok, Vasily Obozny Dunin-Borkowski, Andrew StepanovichMiloradovich, Lizogub . 18. Eletskii , 1786 . , .

36-meter, Naddniprianske , . : 1670-1675gg. overbuilt , . - - , 1688. ,

, Uglich. 17-18 . . Eletsky 11. Chernihiv Rus'- (907) (), 9 , Khaganate. 10 , . Grave, , 19 . . [2] 11 Chernigov, Kievan Grand Princes, . Severian

Murom, Ryazan Tmutarakan. Chernihiv, 25.000, 1239, Batu Khan, .


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1036.

1353. Meli Giray 1482 1497 , (1408-1420 1503), - (1618-1648 ), Magdeburg 1623 1635 ChernihivVoivodeship. 17 Khmelnytsky . Hetman Chernihiv Chernihiv ( ). 1667 Andrusovo

, Chernihiv, Hetmanate. Hetmanate, . , , Chernihiv namestnichestvo () (

1782), Malorosiyskaya ( 1797) Chernigov

( 1808 ). 1897 Chernihiv 11.000 27.006. .

- . Chernihiv1.321 , 404 seamstresses, .

69 (-

, Teamsters. . [3]


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( 1201, ).

Eletsky Pechersk . 12- 17 .

Chernihiv - (11 12) Hetmanate ( 17 18 .) 5- Saviour Cathedral, 1030s , . Boris Gleb, 12 ,

, 20 . , . Chernihiv Paraskeba (Pyatnitskaya), 12 13 . ? PeterBaranovsky.

17 , . Polkovnyk Lyzohub (1690s) Polkovnyk Polubutok(1700). , Mazepa , .

Collegium, (1702).

1780. (1715), 5 , , 1696.[]

, Chernihiv .

, . Eletsky Pechersk ( ).


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6 - 11 12 ? 750-year-old . 1611, . , , 17 .

- . , Svyatoslav Chernigov 6 1060. , Eletskaya , Svyatoslav - PrincesBoryatinsky - 1579. ,

800 . , , 1679 1689. , , 1679. 17 , , 5- 1780.

Chernihiv? Kozelets Hustynya

. Chernihiv Shestovitsa , Chernigov. Chernihiv Ossip Maximovitch Bodyanskiy, - Slavist,, Anatoly Rybakov, Vladimir Antonov-Ovseenko,

Cossack HetmanateVassal ofRzeczpospolita (1649)Vassal ofRussian Empire (1654-1707, 1709-1775) 1649The Hetmanate in 1654.1764 Capital Chyhyryn1 Language(s)Ukrainian Religion Greek Orthodox Government Republic- 16481657 (first) Bohdan Khmelnytsky - 17501763 (last) KyryloRozumovsky LegislatureCossack Rada- Established 1649 - Treatyof Pereyaslav1654 -Treaty of Andrusovo January 30,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1649http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1654http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1707http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1709http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1775http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_former_national_capitalshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chyhyrynhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_religionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_religionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_Orthodoxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohdan_Khmelnytskyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrylo_Rozumovskyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrylo_Rozumovskyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cossack_Radahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Pereyaslavhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Pereyaslavhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Andrusovohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Andrusovohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Andrusovohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1649http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1654http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1707http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1709http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1775http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_former_national_capitalshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chyhyrynhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_religionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_Orthodoxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohdan_Khmelnytskyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrylo_Rozumovskyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrylo_Rozumovskyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cossack_Radahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Pereyaslavhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Pereyaslavhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Andrusovo


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Famous Cossacks Bohdan KhmelnytskyPetro Sahaidachny Ivan MazepaIvan Sirko Yemelyan PugachevStenka Razin Andrei Shkuro PyotrKrasnovYermak Timofeyevich Shokan Walikhanuli

Cossack terms Ata_manHet_man Kontusz Papakhi PlastunSzablaShashka Stanitsa Yesaul

Cossacks (Ukrainian: ,Kozaky; Russian: ,Kazaky;Polish:Kozacy)

were originally members of military communities in Ukraine andsouthern Russia[1]. Their origin is a subject of scholarly dispute.

15 , " "

. 16 , . , .
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohdan_Khmelnytskyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohdan_Khmelnytskyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petro_Konashevych-Sahaidachnyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petro_Konashevych-Sahaidachnyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Mazepahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Mazepahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Sirkohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemelyan_Pugachevhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemelyan_Pugachevhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemelyan_Pugachevhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stenka_Razinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrei_Shkurohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyotr_Krasnovhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyotr_Krasnovhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyotr_Krasnovhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yermak_Timofeyevichhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yermak_Timofeyevichhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shokan_Walikhanulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atamanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atamanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hetmans_of_Ukrainian_Cossackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hetmans_of_Ukrainian_Cossackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontuszhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papakhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szablahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szablahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szablahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shashkahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanitsahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanitsahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yesaulhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cossack#cite_note-0%23cite_note-0http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Repin_Cossacks.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohdan_Khmelnytskyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petro_Konashevych-Sahaidachnyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Mazepahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Sirkohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemelyan_Pugachevhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stenka_Razinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrei_Shkurohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyotr_Krasnovhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyotr_Krasnovhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yermak_Timofeyevichhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shokan_Walikhanulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atamanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hetmans_of_Ukrainian_Cossackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontuszhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papakhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szablahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shashkahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanitsahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yesaulhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cossack#cite_note-0%23cite_note-0


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. -, Hetmanate, BohdanKhmelnytsky 17 . , Pereyaslavl

. [2] , , , , Terek . 18 , . Stenka Razin, Kondraty Bulavin Yemelyan

Pugachev. , , 1775. 18 , ? ( ) , Russo - Wars. . 19

. , . Kuban Cossacks . , , . ,

, repressionary . , . , . , ,

.

Andrusovo


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. Andrusovo Andrusovo (: Rozejm wAndruszowie, : , : ', Andrusivs'ke Peremyr "ya, , Andrusovo)

, 1667 - , 1654 . 30 Afanasy Ordin-Nashchokin() Jerzy Chlebowicz () Andrusovo Smolensk. , - (Pravoberezhna Ukrayina) , Chernigov Voivodeships

. , - (Livoberezhna Ukrayina). , .


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1686. . . , Andrusovo

- , , , , , ( 1721). , Hetmanate . [1] . [2Rus- 907 - 911 945 , Rus'- 907 Oleg

( Rus'- (907) ). Rus'- 911. , Kievan , . : Karl, Farulf,Vermund, Hrollaf, Steinvith. Kievan Rus : , Chernigov,Pereyaslav, Polotsk, , Lyubech. Aleksey Shakhmatov

. , Varangian . . , , , . , , . , , Varangians

, Perun ( ).

907 , 907.

9th century 10th century 11th centuryDecades:870s 880s 890s 900s 910s 920s 930s Years:904905906 907 908909910 907 inother calendars Gregorian calendar907 CMVII Ab urbe condita
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1660 Armenian calendar356 Bah' calendar-937 -936Bengali calendar314Berbercalendar1857Buddhist calendar1451Burmese calendar269Byzantinecalendar6415 6416Chinese calendar (3543/3603-12-15) to

(3544/3604-11-24)

Oleg of NovgorodOleg of Novgorod byVasnetsov Reign 879-912 Died 912 Buried ?PredecessorRurikSuccessor IgorOffspring ?Oleg Morava DynastyRurikDynasty

Oleg of Novgorod(:, Old Norse: Helgi,

Khazarian, Helgu) Oleg Batir [] Varangian (konung) .

Novgorod , , . , . , Oleg 882 912. , , Schechter , khaganHLGW 940s,

. Rurikid , ,

Oleg of the EastSlavic

chronicles
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Bruni. Oleg Shield . Chronicle, Oleg ( -in-law) , Rurik, Rurik Ingvar ,

Igor. Oleg , ( Varangian , Askold ) , , Novgorod . Tsargrad () 911. , Oleg, Rus . , Oleg

, . , .Viktor Vasnetsov. Oleg (1899). , , Oleg Rurik, - . Novgorod

Oleg, 922 912. [1] "" Oleg Igor . [2] Kievan Oleg , Novgorodian Barrow in Ladoga Oleg [3].

Oleg

Oleg ?Volkhov Old Ladoga. , Oleg (), ( ),


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, , . , , 1825 1832. Natalya Goncharova, 1831, . 1837,

, , Georges d'Anths, . . , [7]. 1937, Tsarskoe Selo .Tsarskoye Selo

18

"Tsarskoye Selo" (Royal Village). ' Alexander Palace

31 1917. Catherine Palace , . , "Detskoye Selo" () 1918. 1937,

, . [5] [8] , . Gannibal

1696 "Lagon," , " Mareb ..."[ 2] [3] ( ). 1810 Henry Salt ( Sarda, , Tigrinnya Saho? Chewa )

trussed , ( ). (1996) DieudonnGnammankou


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Logone-Birni Logone , , . Gannibal 1742 , , "FVMMO( Kotoko). , FVMMO

"Fortuna Vitam Meam MutavitOppido" Fortune ." (. 1703) Gannibal . , Mustafa ( 1695-1703) (1703-1730). Gannibal, , , , ",

. Gannibal Lahan , , . 1704, , Gannibal Raguzinsky , ( Andreyevich, .) Gannibal 1705, , Peter . 1717, Gannibal

, . . XV Louis ' . Gannibal Hannibal(Gannibal ). DenisDiderot, Baron de Montesquieu Voltaire. (

Andrew Kahn. [4])Voltaire Gannibal " ". [5]

Under Peter & Elizabeth

A.Ganibal 22 1744. Tallinn City. Gannibal 1722 . Peter


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, . 1725, Gannibal 1727, 4.000 . 1730 . 1741, ,

Reval ( Tallinn, ), 1742 1752. 22 1744 ". Ganibal" ( ) , . 1742 Pskov Mikhailovskoye . [6] [7] , 1762. Alexander Suvorov Gannibal, Suvorov .

Gannibal . Dioper, . 1731 . Dioper , . Gannibal , , . Gannibal , Regina Siberg (1705-1781), Mattias Johan Siberg Elisabeth d'Albedyll, Reval (Tallinn, ), 1736,

bigamously . Dioper 1753, Gannibal, Dioper . Gannibal, , .

Ivan Gannibal, Abram's son , Gannibal : Siberg (),Galtung () Grabow ( ). [1] [8] Gustaf Siberg, Rittmester til Estrup , 1694, Lauritzdatter Galtung (.1651-1698), Lauritz Lauritzson Galtung (.1615-1661) Barbara Grabow til Pederstrup (1631-1696).Abram Gannibal Regina Siberg , , oSIP. OSIP , , . Gannibal , , 1779 -in-Chief, . Gannibal, Natalia Grosvenor,
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Gannibal&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Gannibal&action=edit&redlink=1


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Westminster, Mountbatten, 4 Milford Haven. [9][10] , Oleg 913 , , 944. Schechter, [5],

,

Lecapenus, HLGW (: ), "Helgu". [6] Schechter , Helgu ( Oleg) 940s. [7], , ,

David Zuckerman Schechter , Rus Oleg

Rurikid , Oleg . [8 ] Zuckerman

. Zuckerman Khazars 900S ( 882, [9]), Rurik, , Oleg Rurik, Varangian . [10] Schechter Oleg (, FRS,

, [11] ) Ibn Miskawayh, Rus

Arran 944 / 5. [12]

Prince Oleg


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, Kholuy . Zuckerman, Oleg , . , , Oleg Rurik 879 (

), 70 , . , "helgu", "" , - , .[ Helgu-Oleg 940s, Rurik

. - 911 944 " administrando De Imperio. , Rurikid , Rurik, Oleg, Igor 10- Rurikids-11 . Georgy Vernadsky Oleg

Schechter , Predslava - 944. , V. Ya. Petrukhin Helgu-Oleg 940s Chernigov, Khazaria, Grave, Kurgan Chernigov, .

mainstream, .

1. ^ AN Nasonov, Novgorodskaia Pervaia Letopis Starshego iMladshego Izvodov, ( : ANSSR, 1950), 109.cf. Kloss 337-343.2. ^ Shahmatov xxxii-xxxiii.3. ^ Novgorod Chronicle, Oleg "" (, ) .4. ^ , Aurora Art Publishers, 1991.


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5. ^ Schechter Golb 106-121. (.. SL Fol.X: x)6. ^ SL Fol. 2r, 15-16? 17. Khazaria . SL Fol. 1R: 19, 2v: 15,20.7. ^ Mikhail Artamonov

.Artamonov 12. , , . .., Gregoire 242-248, 255-266? Dunlop 161. Novoseltsev, , , " ." Novoseltsev 216-218. Brutskus HLGW Igor. Brutskus 30-

31. Mosin HLGW Oleg Tmutarakan? Tmutarakan , . Mosin 309-325? Cf. Zuckerman 258.8. ^ Zuckerman 257-268. Zuckerman , , Novgorod . Cf., .., Christian 341-345.9. ^ Pritsak 60-71? Shahmatov xxxii-xxxiii?10. ^ Pritsak 60-71. Pritsak "

Oleg Igor. Zuckerman "? .11. ^ Pavel Kokovtsov, 1932, FRS , Rus Lecapenus (online).12. ^ Cf Miskawaihi 67-74?. SL Fol. 2v: 3 ..13. ^ Parkhomenko 24 .

14. ^ Brook 154.15. ^ Vernadsky 41 ..


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16. ^ Petrukhin 226-228
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Trizna_1899.jpg


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http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e3/Oleg%27s_shield.jpg


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http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/OlegsMound.jpg


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Princeton Univ. Press, 1954. Gregoire, H. 'Le "Glozel' khazare."Revue des tudes

Byzantines 12, 1937. Golb, Norman and Omeljan Pritsak.Khazarian Hebrew

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Norse: Rrik, meaning "famous ruler"; c. 830 c. 879), was aVarangian chieftain who gained control of Ladoga in 862, built theHolmgardsettlement nearNovgorod, and founded the Rurik Dynastywhich ruled Kievan Rus and then Galicia-Volhynia until 14th andMuscovyuntil the 16th century.
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Varangians

Varangian Guardsmen, an illumination from the 11th century chronicleofJohn Skylitzes. Varangians Varyags (Old Norse: Vringjar? :, , Varangoi, Variagoi? : ,Varyagi / Varyahy), Variagians, [1][2] , , 9 10 . , ( MV Lomonosov) "Varangians" , , . , . "nemets" (), , .
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Skylitzeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Skylitzeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Skylitzeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Skylitzes


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-"". , 1113, Varangians Norsemen Rus, , , , Gotlanders .[3] , , Varangians

, . [4] , , portages Gardariki, .

Varangian Rus'

Aldeigja (Ladoga) 750s, ethnogenesis , Khaganate .

Ladoga 12 400 .
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Skylitzis_Chronicle_VARANGIAN_GUARD.jpg


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'

, ,

, .

St. George's Church in the LadogaFortress.

St. George's Church containsmagnificent frescoes painted in 1167.

. ?

. ?Eighth to Tenth CenturyViking

burial mounds along the VolkhovRiver near Staraya Ladoga.

Novaya Ladoga 1911. (: ), :Vanha Laatokka Aldeigjuborg , (selo) Volkhovsky , , Volkhov , 8. Volkhov.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viking


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8 9 . , Russia Dendrochronology

Ladoga 753. 950, . Ladoga Novgorod . .

Atil, , , . , Ladoga. Ladoga Norsemen, , , , . ,Alode-Joki (, " ), Aldeigja Ladoga () .

Ladoga Rurik

Hypatian , Varangian Rurik Ladoga 862 . Rurik Novgorod , . kurgans, , Ladoga. Rurik, - Oleg.

?

Heimskringla 990s Eirkr Hkonarson . Ladoga , 800 900 CE, 90 95% dirhams Ladoga. Ladoga

1019, Ingigerd Yaroslav Novgorod. , Yaroslav Ladoga , , Ragnvald Ulfsson,


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. , Ladoga Varangian . Ladoga, Stenkil Inge , Anund Grdske. 12 13 , Ladoga

Novgorod . XV . [2]. Oreshek Korela 14 Ladoga . Ladoga pyatina Vodskaya 84 XV.

.

. [2] Novgorodians . 15 16 , 12 - . , - 12 . 2010. [3] 1703, Novaya Ladoga( Ladoga) .

Ladoga, town.The Yelena Volkhov. , , Volkhov River. , 12 Climent, . , 17

(: , = " "

(270 - 6 346) , [3] (, , ). , . ,


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, DEITE POSO PARADOPISTOI EINAIOI KLHRIKOI KI APO POTE (, , ), ,, , , , , , ,, , Friuli . ,

Lotharingian , , " Day" 6 . , . Sinterklaas , 6 , (280-342), . . , . . , childbishop.

. . , , . kapoentje( ) . . , . ,

( ) , , . , Sinterklaas paaps ( ) . , , , . Sinterklaas

Sint Nicolaas en zijn Knecht ( ) 1850 JanSchenkman (1806-1863). Sinterklaas , , . "Zie ginds komt de stoomboot"( "See, "), Sinterklaas . , (5 ) -.

"sinterklaasavond" "pakjesavond" ( " "). , ,


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5 , , 6.

Sinterklaas ' (1940-1945),Sinterklaas , . Sinterklaas [1], , Royal Air Force. 1941, , RAF . : R.A.F. Kapoentje, Gooi wat mijn schoentje,Bij de Moffen gooien, Maar strooien ! Sinterklaas, "RAF" "Sinterklaas" (, ), Sinterklaas "Moffen" ( "", "krauts" ) . , ? . [2] . Sinterklaas , ( ), , . . rides .Zwarte Piet Sinterklaas Zwarte Piet ( ) . . , . , Sinterklaas , Sinterklaas .

, chimneysweep, , chimneysweep Piet . Sinterklaas Piets , ,


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. Sinterklaas . The Zwarte Pieten , Sint Nicolaas '

.

SintNicolaas , , . Sint Nicolaas S Nicolaas ?? (SIN = )

, (Varyags, ), exacted Finnic 859. ? danegeld 859, Curonians Grobin . , 862, Finnic Varangian Rus, , . Varangian Rus " . Rurik Truvor Sineus, Varangians( Rus) Holmgrd(Novgorod). 9 , Rus , (Gardariki) (Serkland). , . Ladoga Novgorod, Gnezdovo Gotland Varangian . [11] Varangians 880s . Rus () , Chronicles, , . , Varangian . ', Slavicized Varangian - Novgorod


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10 . , ,

Rus' and the Byzantine Empire Rus'

Byzantine Wars Varangian :

( ) ( ). . 842, Amastris,

. [12] 839, , Rhos, . 860, , Rus Askold . , , monoxyla .

Rus 870s 910, 912, 913, 943, . Rus , 907 941, Sviatoslav 968-971.

? , , . ( ) : Rus
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus'%E2%80%93Byzantine_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus'%E2%80%93Byzantine_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus'%E2%80%93Byzantine_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus'%E2%80%93Byzantine_War


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Varangian Guard

Varangian Guardsmen, an illumination from the SkylitzisChronicle


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' Byzantine guardsmen, , Varangians, . Varangian (: , ton Varngn)

, , , cast 11 .


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, Vstergtland

""-

.[13] ,

: [14] . 980-1060 1018-1066 ( ingali). [14] , ,

, Varangian " ". 911, Varangians . 700Varangians 902 629 949. 415

Varangians 936. Varangian 955. , Varangian (Gr. ). . 988 ' . ,

Dorostolon (971), Vladimir 6.000 . , Vladimir , , . Vladimir


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Varangians . 700 Varangians 902 629 949. 415 Varangians

936. Varangian 955. , Varangian (Gr. ). . 988 ' . , Dorostolon

(971), Vladimir 6.000 . , Vladimir , , . Vladimir . 989 Varangian, , . , . ,

. Varangians " ." Varangian , , . 1018, catepan , Boioannes, Lombard Melus .

Varangian Cannae, . 1038., - . Harald Hardrada, . ,

, Arduin, Varangians . , catepan Doukeianos Varangians


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. 16 1041 Venosa Ofanto. Exaugustus Boioannes Varangians Doukeiano. 3 1041

. Varangian . 1047 Raphael Varangians, Bariots . , 1067, catepan , Mabrica, Varangian Taranto. 1071,

. [15] 100 , . 1088 . [5] 5.000 235 .

, Varangians Englinbarrangoi (-Varangians) . Robert , , . , 1080, " " " Thule",

. [16] , . Varangians . [17] , , . A .

. ,


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, , . , [1],

, . , , , , . , , , , . . "

, , " (: ), "Roman" ( ), " (), " " ( ), " " (). , barracked Bucoleon. ,

( ) , . ' 1122. hacked Pecheneg , thePecheneg .

. , , , , " . [5] Varangian , Varangians

1400. [18] dromons ( , , "runner") 6 -12 ...


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, . , ,

chelandion, , . , , ousiakon 100 . , ., pamphylos 120 160. , , 200: 50 , 100

, 50 . dromons ( - : " "), , . Dromons (siphones, siphnophoroi dromones) 10 kg 250 .

dromond dromont , .


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, Varangian 16 . [19] Varangian , - Kievan druzhina,

hird, housecarls. [20] , acclaimers , .

, , . Varangian

, . [21] " , , ". [21] berserkergang .

?

?

DELTA FORCE ?

?


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[21] , , , polutasvarf ( "). [21]

Varangians , Miklagarr ( = Miklagrd) (). [21]

! . ! . ? , ,

, . , .


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Varangians . 1081 , Varangians Varangians "

, , . " , , " , the slighted ." [22] , Varangian , . 969,

II. , , . , ."Alive : . ." [23] Walter Scott Robert

, . , , " " Varangians. ", peleky phoroi barbaroi, Varangians. [5] Varangian 1071. ' , . , , Varangian , , , VII, .

, , . , Varangian 11 . Varangian ' .


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1103 , ." , , 12 "- ."

Runestones , U 161, -- Tby , Varangian . Varangian

runestones , Runestones [24], Varangian Guard, . Runestones , Varangian . runestones RAK, 1015 ... [25] Skepptuna Runestone U 358, Vstra Ledinge Runestone U 518,Nlberga Runestone 170 Eriksstad Runestone Sm 46.[26]

runestones Ed. Ragnvaldr, Varangian , . PR4 Runestone U112, [26] runestones, PR5 , EdRunestone U 104 ( Ashmolean ), 1080-1130, runestones Risbyle Runestone U161, Tby.[27] , , Ulf


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Borresta Orkesta Runestone U 344 danegelds . [27]

,

. Laxdla, BolliBollason, . 1006, Varangian . [28] , Varangian Guard? " , . "[29] ,

:Bolli , , , , Bolli . Garth- , ? Girt , , , , ,

. , ? , Bolli , .The Varangian Guard Saga Njal Kolskegg- Holmgard(Novgorod) Miklagard (), . " , ,

Varangians, ." [31]

Varangian Harald Sigurdsson , HaraldHardrde ( "Hard-" [32]). , Harald Gardariki , 1035. , . Varangian Guard Harald manglavites spatharokandidatos.


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. V, Saga , . Harald , .

1043, , 1066. Varangian Guard , Harald Hardrde , Sigurd , . , Sigurd , 6.000 , Varangian . Sigurd . Folk Metal Turisas , The

Varangian Way, . Viking Metal Amon Amarth Thunder "Varyags Miklagaard" .

. . , , , . 400 .. .

2 . .

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(1218-1241) . [2] , . 1225 .

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