Cheri ScheerCheri Scheer

EnergyEnergy

EnergyEnergy

ScienceScience

77thth grade grade

Stand 1Stand 1

Objective 2Objective 2

GLEGLE

OVERVIEWOVERVIEW

Kinetic energyKinetic energy

Energy an object has due to motionEnergy an object has due to motion

ExamplesExamples– rock rolling down the hillrock rolling down the hill– bike moving along the roadbike moving along the road

Increasing mass and speed also Increasing mass and speed also increases an object’s kinetic energyincreases an object’s kinetic energy

Potential energyPotential energy

Energy that is storedEnergy that is stored

ExampleExample– Ball at top of hillBall at top of hill– Leaf hanging from limbLeaf hanging from limb

Changing an object’s position to Changing an object’s position to some place higher, increases the some place higher, increases the object’s potential energyobject’s potential energy

practice

Kinetic and Potential EnergyKinetic and Potential Energy

EnergyEnergy•The ability to cause changeThe ability to cause change•FormsForms

MechanicalMechanicalChemicalChemicalElectricalElectricalThermal or heatThermal or heatRadiantRadiantSoundSoundNuclearNuclear

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Mechanical energyMechanical energy

Potential- stored energyPotential- stored energy– examples:examples:

Kinetic-energy of a moving objectKinetic-energy of a moving object– Examples:Examples:

– Energy in machinesEnergy in machines

Chemical EnergyChemical Energy

Energy trapped in chemical bonds Energy trapped in chemical bonds (Stored in foods or fuels)(Stored in foods or fuels)

Chemical reactions happen when Chemical reactions happen when compounds are broken down or compounds are broken down or created.created.

Types of chemical reactionsTypes of chemical reactionsEndothermic- absorbs heat: food as Endothermic- absorbs heat: food as it cooks, baking soda giving off gas it cooks, baking soda giving off gas as it heats causing cookies to rise.as it heats causing cookies to rise.Exothermic-give off heat: substance Exothermic-give off heat: substance burns turning into heatburns turning into heatBoth happen continuously in your Both happen continuously in your bodybodyCatalyst- is a substance that changes Catalyst- is a substance that changes the rate of the reactionthe rate of the reaction

Electrical energyElectrical energy

Energy associated with magnet, Energy associated with magnet, electrical circuits and combinations electrical circuits and combinations of the twoof the two

Examples:Examples:

Heat EnergyHeat Energy

Energy given off by a hot objectEnergy given off by a hot object

Also called thermal energyAlso called thermal energy

Different materials act as insulators Different materials act as insulators or conductors of heator conductors of heat

Examples:Examples:

Nuclear EnergyNuclear Energy

Energy locked in the nucleus of the Energy locked in the nucleus of the atomatom

Examples:Examples:

Light energyLight energy

Energy carried in a beam of lightEnergy carried in a beam of light

Also known as radiative energyAlso known as radiative energy

examplesexamples

Conservation of EnergyConservation of Energy

Energy CAN NOT be created or Energy CAN NOT be created or destroyed.destroyed.

Energy is changed to another form.Energy is changed to another form.

TemperatureTemperature

All objects have molecules that are in All objects have molecules that are in motion. Therefore, all objects have motion. Therefore, all objects have kinetic energy. kinetic energy.

Increasing temperature also Increasing temperature also increases kinetic energy.increases kinetic energy.

HeatHeat

A transfer of energy from one object A transfer of energy from one object to another due to a difference in to another due to a difference in temperature.temperature.

Heat flows from warmer objects to Heat flows from warmer objects to cooler ones until both objects are cooler ones until both objects are equal in temperature.equal in temperature.

The amount and type of material The amount and type of material effects how temperature will change.effects how temperature will change.

Transfer of HeatTransfer of Heat

Conduction – mainly through solids Conduction – mainly through solids and liquidsand liquids

Convection – mainly through liquids Convection – mainly through liquids and gasesand gases

Radiation – transfers energy through Radiation – transfers energy through spacespace

ConductionConduction

The transfer of energy by collisions The transfer of energy by collisions between the atoms and molecules in between the atoms and molecules in a material.a material.

Conductors are materials through Conductors are materials through which energy is easily transferred.which energy is easily transferred.– All metals (gold, silver, copper)All metals (gold, silver, copper)– Copper is less expensive and more Copper is less expensive and more

readily availablereadily available

InsulatorsInsulators

Poor conductors of heatPoor conductors of heat

ExamplesExamples– ClothCloth (blankets and clothes)(blankets and clothes)– AirAir– PlasticPlastic– WoodWood– RubberRubber– TileTile

ConvectionConvection

Transferring heat when particles Transferring heat when particles move between objects or areas that move between objects or areas that differ in temperaturediffer in temperature

Thermals are columns of warm air Thermals are columns of warm air that is forced up as cooler air sinks.that is forced up as cooler air sinks.– Aids birds to fly without moving wingsAids birds to fly without moving wings

RadiationRadiation

Transferring energy by wavesTransferring energy by waves

Can be visible or invisible wavesCan be visible or invisible waves

ExampleExample– Sun heats EarthSun heats Earth– Warming self by fireWarming self by fire– Microwave cookingMicrowave cooking

Chemical EnergyChemical Energy

Energy trapped in chemical bonds Energy trapped in chemical bonds (Stored in foods or fuels)(Stored in foods or fuels)

Chemical reactions happen when Chemical reactions happen when compounds are broken down or compounds are broken down or created.created.

Chemical ReactionsChemical Reactions

To break a bond, energy must be To break a bond, energy must be added.added.

To form a bond, energy is released.To form a bond, energy is released.

H20

Types of chemical reactionsTypes of chemical reactionsEndothermic- absorbs heat: food as Endothermic- absorbs heat: food as it cooks, cookies rising when baking, it cooks, cookies rising when baking, photosynthesisphotosynthesisExothermic-give off heat: substance Exothermic-give off heat: substance burns turning into heatburns turning into heatBoth happen continuously in your Both happen continuously in your bodybodyCatalyst- is a substance that changes Catalyst- is a substance that changes the rate (speed) of the reactionthe rate (speed) of the reaction

REVIEWREVIEW

CAREERSCAREERS

ENGINEERSENGINEERS

ELECTRICIANSELECTRICIANS

THEME PARK DESIGNERSTHEME PARK DESIGNERS