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Chemistry Tools CTD (conductivity temperature depth) Thermometers Bucket Reversing Bathythermograph pH pH meter Chemical test

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Chemistry Tools Oxygen concentration Winkler titration Oxygen probe Salinity Hydrometer Set measures temp too Knudsen titration Not very accurate Salinometer Electric and expensive

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Chemistry Tools Radiometer Electromagnetic radiation Temp and satellites SPMD (Semi Permeable Membrane Device) Hydrophobic organic compounds

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Bottle Samplers Van Dorn (Messenger) Uses messenger Surface Sampler JZ Bacteriological (messenger) Sterile Niskin Bottle (messenger) Nansen modified by Shale Niskin

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Bottle Samplers Nansen Bottle (messenger) Reverses 180* Rosette Sampler 12 to 36 bottles Center has other instrument

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Ship Technology Altimeter Height Barometer Air pressure Velocity Profiler Speed Gyrocompass Direction SCS NOAA

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Ship Terminology

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Types of data Continuous Ongoing (mainly driving the ship) Event Moments (test taking) Raw Directly from observation tools Derived Derived from other raw data

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Currents Drift Bottle Pollution Current meter speed Current Dye biodegradable Drifter Transmits location/conditions

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Currents Drogue Pollution Rare Drift Card Just under surface pollution Swallow float Tracked Specific depth

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Biological tools Suction sampler(critter getter) vacuum D-Sampler Detritus and small organisms Deck Plankton Collector Pump from boat Succession Plate Set for a period of time

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Biological tools Sedgwick-rafter plankton counting chamber estimate Folsom Plankton splitter Put in a drum and split Standard Plankton net Towed horizontally or vertically

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The deep Sounder depth Fathometer SONAR (Sound Navigation And Ranging) Bottom corer Samples sediment

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Dredges and grabs Biological dredge Rocky bottom destructive Petersen grab Rocky or soft bottom (free fall) Ekman Grab Soft bottom only (messenger)

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Tools Messenger Triggers many tools Wash Bucket cleans Surveying equipment Tells beach profile Secchi disk clarity

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Tools Forel Ule Scale Clarity Sonde Many Recordings Transects Reference point Quadrats Counting in an area

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Satellites Sea-sat A 1978 Ocean temp Nimbus 7 (CZCS) 1978-86 Ocean color Geosat 1985-1989 Ocean level height

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Satellites Topex-Poseidon France-US 1992-2005 Sea level height NASA Scaterrometer (NSCAT) 1996-today Atmospheric winds and ocean waves SeaStar/SeaWIFS 1997-2010 Ocean Color

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Satellites QuikSCAT/Sea Winds 1999-today Atmosphere winds and ocean waves Terra 1999-today Earths climate Jason-1 2001-today France-US (replaced Topex) Sea level height

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Satellites GRACE Germany-US 2002-today Ocean currents, sea level, climate change Aqua Japan-US-Brazil 2002-today Water cycle, and climate change ICESat 2003-today Ice sheet growth/retreat

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Satellite terminology GOES(Geo-Stationary Operational Environmental Satellite) Geosynchronous, stays at one point POES(Polar Operational Environmental Satellite) Sun-synchronous, same place-same time

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Satellite Technology AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) Takes 2048 pixel pictures to determine ocean color GPS (Global Positioning System) Ship navigation