chemistry of life essential question: what chemicals build living things?
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Chemistry of LifeChemistry of LifeEssential Question: What chemicals build living things? Essential Question: What chemicals build living things?
What is biochemistry?What is biochemistry?
• The branch of chemistry that studies organic compounds
• The branch of chemistry that studies organic compounds
What is an organic compound?What is an organic compound?
• Any compound containing Carbon• Any compound containing Carbon
Why is life based on carbon?Why is life based on carbon?
Carbon is found in all living things!
Carbon is not stable by itself
Carbon can make four bonds
Carbon is found in all living things!
Carbon is not stable by itself
Carbon can make four bonds
Carbon loves bonding! Carbon loves bonding!
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ypbb9Zi5Tao
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cOJ3MUpDrfI
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ypbb9Zi5Tao
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cOJ3MUpDrfI
What 6 elements does carbon bond with to build living things? C-H-N-O-P-S
What 6 elements does carbon bond with to build living things? C-H-N-O-P-S
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Phosphorus
Sulfur
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Phosphorus
Sulfur
DNADNA
Carbon combines with elements to build huge moleculesCarbon combines with elements to build huge molecules
• We call these huge molecules “Macromolecules”
• We call these huge molecules “Macromolecules”
Macromolecules are made of smaller subunitsMacromolecules are made of smaller subunits
These subunits are called Monomers
Monomers bond together to form polymers
These subunits are called Monomers
Monomers bond together to form polymers
PolymerizationPolymerization
Building important polymersBuilding important polymers
sugar – sugar – sugar – sugar – sugar – sugar
nucleotide – nucleotide – nucleotide – nucleotide
Carbohydrates = built from sugars
Proteins = built from amino acids
Nucleic acids (DNA) = built from nucleotides
aminoacid
aminoacid–
aminoacid–
aminoacid–
aminoacid–
aminoacid–
Let’s focus on 4 basic carbon-based macromolecules found in all living things:
Let’s focus on 4 basic carbon-based macromolecules found in all living things:
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates: CHOCarbohydrates: CHO
Living things use carbohydrates as
their main source of energy
Example: starch & glucose (sugar) used for energy in cells.
Living things use carbohydrates as
their main source of energy
Example: starch & glucose (sugar) used for energy in cells.
What carbs do you eat?What carbs do you eat?
Lipids: CHOLipids: CHO
Lipids (continued)Lipids (continued)
Lipids can be used to store energy in fats. They make up membranes of cells. They are the waxy coating on leaves and bird feathers.
Lipids can be used to store energy in fats. They make up membranes of cells. They are the waxy coating on leaves and bird feathers.
Proteins:CHONSProteins:CHONS
Proteins: (cont.)Proteins: (cont.)
Proteins are built from molecules called amino acids
Proteins are important in all cell processes, forming bones & muscles, transporting stuff in and out of cells
Proteins are built from molecules called amino acids
Proteins are important in all cell processes, forming bones & muscles, transporting stuff in and out of cells
Enzymes are important proteinsEnzymes are important proteins
Nucleic Acids- CHNOP
• Nucleic acids are DNA and RNA
• Nucleic Acids store genetic information
• Nucleic acids are built from monomers called nucleotides
• Nucleic acids are DNA and RNA
• Nucleic Acids store genetic information
• Nucleic acids are built from monomers called nucleotides
Polymer Monomer
polysaccharidesmonosaccharide
s
triglycerideFatty Acids +
glycerol
Protein/polypeptide
Amino Acids
DNA/RNA Nucleotides
Remember: Monomers bond
together to make polymers.
Chemical bonds are ENERGY!
Remember: Monomers bond
together to make polymers.
Chemical bonds are ENERGY!
ReviewReview
What are the chemicals of life?
What is the one element necessary for life?
What are the 4 organic compounds that can be found in living things?
The more chemical bonds, the more _______.
What are the chemicals of life?
What is the one element necessary for life?
What are the 4 organic compounds that can be found in living things?
The more chemical bonds, the more _______.
Name the Name the macromolecule!macromolecule!Name the Name the macromolecule!macromolecule!