chemistry nya answers part 4

4.1.1 Exercises:

1. Complete the Lewis Diagram for the following molecules:

a) CH4

b) H2O

c) NH3

H C H

H

H

H O H

H N

H

H

4.1.2 Exercises:

1. Complete the Lewis Diagram for the following molecules:

a) BeCl2

b) BeH2

c) BF3

d) BH3 B

H H

H

B

Be

H Be H

Cl

Cl

F

F

F

4.1.3 Exercises:

1. Complete the Lewis Diagram for the following molecules:a) H3O

+

b) NH4+

c) BCl4-

d) NH2-

H O H

H[ ]+

H N H

H

H

[ ]+

B

F

F

F

[ ]-

[ ]-

F

H N

H

4.1.4 Exercises:1. Complete the Lewis Diagram for the following molecules:a) SCl4

b) ClF3

c) XeF2

d) BrF4+

e) SbCl5

S

Cl

Cl

Cl

[ ]+

Cl

F

F

F

Xe F

F

Br

F

F

F

F

Sb

Cl

Cl

Cl

4.1.5 Exercises:

1. Complete the Lewis Diagram for the following molecules:a) O2

b) C2H4

c) H2CO

d) N2

e) CO

f) CN-

OO

H C

H

C H

H

H C

H

O

NN

CO

+

-

CN

[ ]-

4.2.1 Exercises:

1. Complete the Lewis Diagram for the following molecules and assign formal charges:a) H2O

b) H3O+

c) NH3

d) SbCl52-

H O H

H O H

H[ ]+

H N

H

H

Sb Cl

Cl

Cl

[ ]2-

4.2.2 Exercises:1. Complete the Lewis Diagram for the following molecules and assign formal charges:a) CO2

b) SCN-

2. Complete the Lewis Diagram for the following molecules and assign formal charges:

a) H2S

b) AsF5

c) BeF2

d) C2H2

CO

O

CN

S

[]1-

H S H

As F

F

F

[ ]

Be F

F

HC

CH

4.2.2 Exercises:2. Complete the Lewis Diagram for the following molecules and assign formal charges:

e) TeF4

f) CS2

g) BrF3

h) ICl4-

i) N2H4

j) HCN

k) BrF5

CS

S

Te

F

F

F

F

Br

F

F

F

]-I Cl

Cl

Cl

[

H N

H

N H

H

CN

H

Br F

F

F

4.2.2 Exercises:2. Complete the Lewis Diagram for the following molecules and assign formal charges:

l) XeF3+

m) XeF4

n) C2Cl4

o) BCl3

p) C2F2

q) N2H2

Xe

F

F

F

]+[

Xe F

F

F

Cl C

Cl

C Cl

Cl

B

Cl

Cl

Cl

FC

CF

N

H

N

H

4.3.1 Exercises:

1. Draw different isomers for the following molecules:

a) C2H2Cl2 b) C2H4O

(no need to know the examples above) (no need to know the example above)

c) C2H4ClBr d) C3H5F

(no need to know the examples above)

4.4.1 Exercises:

1. Draw the Lewis diagram (if not given) and resonance structures for the following:

a) Benzene (C6H6): b) NO2- :

c) Ozone (O3): d) SO2:

e) SO3 :

f) CO32- :

.. .......

... .. .-

. .-

..... .. .. ..

.....

... .. .-

. .-

..... ..

4.5.1 Exercises:

1. Arrange the following in order of increasing bond length

a) The N-N bond in N2, N2H4, N2H2 :

N2 < N2H2 < N2H4

Reasoning: progression from a triple bond (shortest), to a double bond, to a single bond (the longest).

b) The C-O bond in CH3OH, HCO2-, CO3

2-, H2CO, CO :

CO (triple bond) < H2CO(double bond) < HCO2- (1 single bond) < CO3

2- (1 1/3 single bond) < CH3OH (single bond

c) The N-O bond in NO+, NO2-, NO3

- :

NO+ (triple bond) < NO2- (1 bond) < NO3

- (1 1/3 bond)

..

.

- -

-

. . .. . .

. . .

. . .

- - -

. .

.

. . .

. . .. . .. . .. . .

. . .. . .. . .

. . .. . .

..

......

....-

.

... .

-.

.

... ..

....

4.6.1 Exercise:1. Determine if the following molecules are polar or non-polar, if they are polar then determine the

direction of the resultant.

a) H2O polar

b) PF3 polar

c) BF3 non-polar

d) HF polar

e) CO2 non-polar

f) ClF polar

g) CH4 polar

....

.. ....

........ ....

......

.. .... ..

. ...........

.

..

. ..

....... .

..

..

.

.

4.6.1 Exercises:

2. For the following determine or draw: Lewis StructureRepulsion numberName of geometry without lone pairsVSEPR sketchName of actual geometryBond anglesIf the molecule is polar or non-polar

a) OF2 b) CH4c) BeCl2 d) CH2F2e) BF3 f) NH3g) PCl5 h) ClF3i) SF6 j) IF5k) BrF4

- l) XeF2m) XeF4 n) ClF4

+

o) SO2 p) H2COq) HCN r) N2H4s) CO2 t) NH2

-

u) I3-

Central

atom

s

Bonds

Lone

Pairs

(LP)

s

bonds

+ LP

p

bonds

Hybridization Electron Pair

arrangement

Molecular

geometry (around

each central atom)

O 2 2 4 0 sp3 tetrahedral bent

Orbital Box Diagram

O: [He] _ _

2s 2p

O*: [He] _ _

sp3

H2Lewis Structure VSEPR Sketch (with bond angles)

Polar (Y or N, show vectors): polar

Central

atom

s

bonds

Lone

Pairs

(LP)

s

bonds

+ LP

p

bonds


arrangement

Molecular

geometry (around

each central atom)

C 4 0 4 0 sp3 tetrahedral tetrahedral

CH4Lewis Structure VSEPR Sketch (with bond angles)

Polar (Y or N, show vectors): non polar

Orbital Box Diagram

C: [He] _ _ __ C*: [He] _ _ _ _

2s 2p 2s 2p

C*: [He] _ _ _ _

sp3

109.5o

Central

atom

s

bonds

Lone

Pairs

(LP)

s

bonds

+ LP

p

bonds


arrangement

Molecular

geometry (around

each central atom)

Be 2 0 2 0 sp linear linear

BeCl2Lewis Structure VSEPR Sketch (with bond angles)


Orbital Box Diagram

Be: [He] __ __ __ Be*: [He] _ _ __ __

2s 2p 2s 2p

Be*: [He] _ _

sp

180o ............

Central

atom

s

bonds

Lone

Pairs

(LP)

s

bonds

+ LP

p

bonds


arrangement

Molecular

geometry (around

each central atom)

C 4 0 4 0 sp3 tetrahedral tetrahedral

CH2F2Lewis Structure VSEPR Sketch (with bond angles)


Orbital Box Diagram

C: [He] _ _ __ C*: [He] _ _ _ _

2s 2p 2s 2p

C*: [He] _ _ _ _

sp3

........

....109.5o

Central

atom

s

bonds

Lone

Pairs

(LP)

s

bonds

+ LP

p

bonds


arrangement

Molecular

geometry (around

each central atom)

B 3 0 3 0 sp2 Trigonal planar Trigonal planar

BF3Lewis Structure VSEPR Sketch (with bond angles)


Orbital Box Diagram

B: [He] _ __ __ B*: [He] _ _ _ __

2s 2p 2s 2p

B*: [He] _ _ _

sp2

.. ..

......

..

..

....120o

Central

atom

s

bonds

Lone

Pairs

(LP)

s

bonds

+ LP

p

bonds


arrangement

Molecular

geometry (around

each central atom)

N 3 1 4 0 sp3 tetrahedral Trigonal pyramidal

NH3Lewis Structure VSEPR Sketch (with bond angles)


Orbital Box Diagram

N: [He] _ _ _

2s 2p

N*: [He] _ _ _

sp3

Central

atom

s

bonds

Lone

Pairs

(LP)

s

bonds

+ LP

p

bonds


arrangement

Molecular

geometry (around

each central atom)

P 5 0 5 0 sp3d Trigonal

bipyramidal

Trigonal

bipyramidal

PCl5Lewis Structure VSEPR Sketch (with bond angles)


Orbital Box Diagram

P: [Ne] _ _ _ P*: [Ne] _ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ __

3s 3p 3s 3p 3d

P*: [Ne] _ _ _ _ _

sp3d

.. .

...

.

.

.....

.

.

.

.

...

.

.

.....

.

.

.90o

120o

Central

atom

s

bonds

Lone

Pairs

(LP)

s

bonds

+ LP

p

bonds


arrangement

Molecular

geometry (around

each central atom)

C 3 2 5 0 sp3d Trigonal

bipyramidal

T-shape

ClF3Lewis Structure VSEPR Sketch (with bond angles)


Orbital Box Diagram

Cl: [Ne] _ Cl*: [Ne] _ _ _ __ __ __ __

3s 3p 3s 3p 3d

Cl*: [Ne] _ _ _

sp3d

Central

atom

s

bonds

Lone

Pairs

(LP)

s

bonds

+ LP

p

bonds


arrangement

Molecular

geometry (around

each central atom)

S 6 0 6 0 sp3d2 octahedral octahedral

SF6Lewis Structure VSEPR Sketch (with bond angles)


Orbital Box Diagram

S: [Ne] _ _ S*: [Ne] _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ __

3s 3p 3s 3p 3d

S*: [Ne] _ _ _ _ _ _

sp3d2

.....

.....

....

....

.....

.....

....

....

90o

Central

atom

s

bonds

Lone

Pairs

(LP)

s

bonds

+ LP

p

bonds


arrangement

Molecular

geometry (around

each central atom)

I 5 1 6 0 sp3d2 octahedral square pyramidal

IF5Lewis Structure VSEPR Sketch (with bond angles)


Orbital Box Diagram

I: [Kr] _ I*: [Kr] _ _ _ _ __ __ __

5s 4d 5p 5s 4d 5p 5d

I*: [Kr] _ _ _ _

sp3d2

Central

atom

s

bonds

Lone

Pairs

(LP)

s

bonds

+ LP

p

bonds


arrangement

Molecular

geometry (around

each central atom)

Br 4 2 6 0 sp3d2 octahedral Square planar

BrF4-

Lewis Structure VSEPR Sketch (with bond angles)


Orbital Box Diagram

Br-: [Ar] Br-*: [Ar] _ _ _ _ __ __ __

4s 3d 4p 4s 3d 4p 4d

Br-*: [Ar] _ _ _ _

sp3d2

90o

.

.

..

.. ...

.

..

.... .

. ...

.

..

....

Central

atom

s

bonds

Lone

Pairs

(LP)

s

bonds

+ LP

p

bonds


arrangement

Molecular

geometry (around

each central atom)

Xe 2 3 5 0 sp3d Trigonal

bipyramidal

linear

XeF2Lewis Structure VSEPR Sketch (with bond angles)


Orbital Box Diagram

Xe: [Kr] Xe*: [Kr] _ _ __ __ __ __

5s 4d 5p 5s 4d 5p 5d

Xe*: [Kr] _ _

sp3d18

0o

..

.

..

..

.

..

.

.

...

.

.

.

Central

atom

s

bonds

Lone

Pairs

(LP)

s

bonds

+ LP

p

bonds


arrangement

Molecular

geometry (around

each central atom)

Xe 4 2 6 0 sp3d2 octahedral Square planar



Orbital Box Diagram

Xe: [Kr] Xe*: [Kr] _ _ _ _ __ __ __

5s 4d 5p 5s 4d 5p 5d

Xe*: [Kr] _ _ _ _

sp3d2

.

.

.

..

. ...

.

..

.... .

. ...

.

..

....

90o

Central

atom

s

bonds

Lone

Pairs

(LP)

s

bonds

+ LP

p

bonds


arrangement

Molecular

geometry (around

each central atom)

Cl 4 1 5 0 sp3d Trigonal

bipyramidal

Seesaw

ClF4 +



Orbital Box Diagram

Cl+: [Ne] _ _ Cl+*: [Ne] _ _ _ _ __ __ __ __

3s 3p 3s 3p 3d

Cl+*: [Ne] _ _ _ _

sp3d

Central

atom

s

bonds

Lone

Pairs

(LP)

s

bonds

+ LP

p

bonds


arrangement

Molecular

geometry (around

each central atom)

S 2 1 3 1 sp2 Trigonal planar Bent

SO2Lewis Structure VSEPR Sketch (with bond angles)


Orbital Box Diagram

S+: [Ne] _ _ _ S+*: [Ne] _ _ _

3s 3p 3s 3p

S+*: [Ne] _ _ _

sp2 3p

....

-...

.

....

Central

atom

s

bonds

Lone

Pairs

(LP)

s

bonds

+ LP

p

bonds


arrangement

Molecular

geometry (around

each central atom)

C 3 0 3 1 sp2 Trigonal planar Trigonal planar

H2CO


Polar (Y or N, show vectors): Y

Orbital Box Diagram

C: [He] _ _ __ C*: [He] _ _ _ _

2s 2p 2s 2p

C*: [He] _ _ _ _

sp2 2p

.. ..120o

Central

atom

s

bonds

Lone

Pairs

(LP)

s

bonds

+ LP

p

bonds


arrangement

Molecular

geometry (around

each central atom)

C 2 0 2 2 sp linear linear

HCN



Orbital Box Diagram

C: [He] _ _ __ C*: [He] _ _ _ _

2s 2p 2s 2p

C*: [He] _ _ _ _

sp 2p

..180o

Central

atom

s

bonds

Lone

Pairs

(LP)

s

bonds

+ LP

p

bonds


arrangement

Molecular

geometry (around

each central atom)

N 3 1 4 0 sp3 tetrahedral Trigonal

pyramidal

N2H4Lewis Structure VSEPR Sketch (with bond angles)

Polar (Y or N, show vectors): N

Orbital Box Diagram

N: [He] _ _ _

2s 2p

N*: [He] _ _ _

sp3

.

.

.

.

Central

atom

s

bonds

Lone

Pairs

(LP)

s

bonds

+ LP

p

bonds


arrangement

Molecular

geometry (around

each central atom)

C 2 0 2 2 sp linear linear

CO2Lewis Structure VSEPR Sketch (with bond angles)


Orbital Box Diagram

C: [He] _ _ __ C*: [He] _ _ _ _

2s 2p 2s 2p

C*: [He] _ _ _ _

sp 2p

...

.

...

.180o

Central

atom

s

bonds

Lone

Pairs

(LP)

s

bonds

+ LP

p

bonds


arrangement

Molecular

geometry (around

each central atom)

N 2 2 4 0 sp3 tetrahedral bent

NH2-



Orbital Box Diagram

N-: [He] _ _

2s 2p

N-*: [He] _ _

sp3

.

.

.

.

Central

atom

s

bonds

Lone

Pairs

(LP)

s

bonds

+ LP

p

bonds


arrangement

Molecular

geometry (around

each central atom)

I 2 3 5 0 sp3d Trigonal

bipyramidal

linear

I3-



Orbital Box Diagram

I-: [Kr] I-*: [Kr] _ _ __ __ __ __

5s 4d 5p 5s 4d 5p 5d

I-*: [Kr] _ _

sp3d

..

.

..

..

.

..

.

.

...

.

.

.

4.7.1 Exercises:

1. Determine the hybridization of the orbitals in the following central atom in order to obtain the molecules below. For each, give: # of covalent bonds

# of electron pairsOrbital box diagram:Excited State:Hybridized State:

a) BeH2

b) BH3

c) CH4

d) PCl5

e) SF4

f) SF6

g) XeF2

h) XeF4

i) KrF4

j) ClF3

Central

atom

s

bonds

Lone

Pairs

(LP)

s

bonds

+ LP

p

bonds


arrangement

Molecular

geometry (around

each central atom)

BeH2Lewis Structure VSEPR Sketch (with bond angles)

Polar (Y or N, show vectors):

Orbital Box Diagram

Central

atom

s

bonds

Lone

Pairs

(LP)

s

bonds

+ LP

p

bonds


arrangement

Molecular

geometry (around

each central atom)

BH3Lewis Structure VSEPR Sketch (with bond angles)


Orbital Box Diagram

Central

atom

s

bonds

Lone

Pairs

(LP)

s

bonds

+ LP

p

bonds


arrangement

Molecular

geometry (around

each central atom)



Orbital Box Diagram

Central

atom

s

bonds

Lone

Pairs

(LP)

s

bonds

+ LP

p

bonds


arrangement

Molecular

geometry (around

each central atom)

KrF4Lewis Structure VSEPR Sketch (with bond angles)


Orbital Box Diagram

Central

atom

s

bonds

Lone

Pairs

(LP)

s

bonds

+ LP

p

bonds


arrangement

Molecular

geometry (around

each central atom)



Orbital Box Diagram

4.9.1 Exercises:1. Determine the hybridization of the orbitals in the following central atom in order to obtain the

following molecules:

a) NH4+ # of bonds

# of electron pairs# of bondsOrbital box diagram:Excited State:Hybridized State:

b) AsF52- # of bonds

# of electron pairs# of bondsOrbital box diagram:Excited State:Hybridized State:

Central

atom

s

bonds

Lone

Pairs

(LP)

s

bonds

+ LP

p

bonds


arrangement

Molecular

geometry (around

each central atom)

NH4 +



Orbital Box Diagram

Central

atom

s

bonds

Lone

Pairs

(LP)

s

bonds

+ LP

p

bonds


arrangement

Molecular

geometry (around

each central atom)

AsF32-



Orbital Box Diagram

1. Determine the hybridization of the orbitals in the following central atom in order to obtain the following molecules:

a) C2H4 # of bonds# of electron pairs# of bondsOrbital box diagram:Excited State:Hybridized State:

b) C2H2 # of bonds# of electron pairs# of bondsOrbital box diagram:Excited State:Hybridized State:

4.9.2 Exercises:

Central

atom

s

bonds

Lone

Pairs

(LP)

s

bonds

+ LP

p

bonds


arrangement

Molecular

geometry (around

each central atom)

C2H4Lewis Structure VSEPR Sketch (with bond angles)


Orbital Box Diagram

Central

atom

s

bonds

Lone

Pairs

(LP)

s

bonds

+ LP

p

bonds


arrangement

Molecular

geometry (around

each central atom)



Orbital Box Diagram

Central

atom

s

bonds

Lone

Pairs

(LP)

s

bonds

+ LP

p

bonds


arrangement

Molecular

geometry (around

each central atom)

H2Lewis Structure VSEPR Sketch (with bond angles)


Orbital Box Diagram

Central

atom

s

bonds

Lone

Pairs

(LP)

s

bonds

+ LP

p

bonds


arrangement

Molecular

geometry (around

each central atom)



Orbital Box Diagram

Central

atom

s

bonds

Lone

Pairs

(LP)

s

bonds

+ LP

p

bonds


arrangement

Molecular

geometry (around

each central atom)

Br2Lewis Structure VSEPR Sketch (with bond angles)


Orbital Box Diagram

Central

atom

s

bonds

Lone

Pairs

(LP)

s

bonds

+ LP

p

bonds


arrangement

Molecular

geometry (around

each central atom)

O2Lewis Structure VSEPR Sketch (with bond angles)


Orbital Box Diagram

Central

atom

s

bonds

Lone

Pairs

(LP)

s

bonds

+ LP

p

bonds


arrangement

Molecular

geometry (around

each central atom)



Orbital Box Diagram

Central

atom

s

bonds

Lone

Pairs

(LP)

s

bonds

+ LP

p

bonds


arrangement

Molecular

geometry (around

each central atom)

N2Lewis Structure VSEPR Sketch (with bond angles)


Orbital Box Diagram

Central

atom

s

bonds

Lone

Pairs

(LP)

s

bonds

+ LP

p

bonds


arrangement

Molecular

geometry (around

each central atom)



Orbital Box Diagram

End of unit exercises:1. For the following molecules give: Box diagram of the central atom

Box diagram of the excited central atomBox diagram of the hybridized atomVSEPR sketchBond AnglesName of geometry

a) BeH2b) BH3c) CH4d) NH3e) H2Of) HFg) PCl5h) SF4i) ClF3j) XeF2k) KrF4l) SiF4

2-

m) ClF4+

n) AsF5-2

o) BrF4-

p) IF6+

q) XeF3+

r) CN-

s) CH2Ot) CO2

Central

atom

s

bonds

Lone

Pairs

(LP)

s

bonds

+ LP

p

bonds


arrangement

Molecular

geometry (around

each central atom)

BeH2Lewis Structure VSEPR Sketch (with bond angles)


Orbital Box Diagram

Central

atom

s

bonds

Lone

Pairs

(LP)

s

bonds

+ LP

p

bonds


arrangement

Molecular

geometry (around

each central atom)

BH3Lewis Structure VSEPR Sketch (with bond angles)


Orbital Box Diagram

Central

atom

s

bonds

Lone

Pairs

(LP)

s

bonds

+ LP

p

bonds


arrangement

Molecular

geometry (around

each central atom)



Orbital Box Diagram

Central

atom

s

bonds

Lone

Pairs

(LP)

s

bonds

+ LP

p

bonds


arrangement

Molecular

geometry (around

each central atom)

NH3Lewis Structure VSEPR Sketch (with bond angles)


Orbital Box Diagram

Central

atom

s

bonds

Lone

Pairs

(LP)

s

bonds

+ LP

p

bonds


arrangement

Molecular

geometry (around

each central atom)

H2O



Orbital Box Diagram

Central

atom

s

bonds

Lone

Pairs

(LP)

s

bonds

+ LP

p

bonds


arrangement

Molecular

geometry (around

each central atom)

HF



Orbital Box Diagram

Central

atom

s

bonds

Lone

Pairs

(LP)

s

bonds

+ LP

p

bonds


arrangement

Molecular

geometry (around

each central atom)



Orbital Box Diagram

Central

atom

s

bonds

Lone

Pairs

(LP)

s

bonds

+ LP

p

bonds


arrangement

Molecular

geometry (around

each central atom)

KrF4Lewis Structure VSEPR Sketch (with bond angles)


Orbital Box Diagram

Central

atom

s

bonds

Lone

Pairs

(LP)

s

bonds

+ LP

p

bonds


arrangement

Molecular

geometry (around

each central atom)

SiF42-



Orbital Box Diagram

Central

atom

s

bonds

Lone

Pairs

(LP)

s

bonds

+ LP

p

bonds


arrangement

Molecular

geometry (around

each central atom)

ClF4 +



Orbital Box Diagram

Central

atom

s

bonds

Lone

Pairs

(LP)

s

bonds

+ LP

p

bonds


arrangement

Molecular

geometry (around

each central atom)

AsF52-



Orbital Box Diagram

Central

atom

s

bonds

Lone

Pairs

(LP)

s

bonds

+ LP

p

bonds


arrangement

Molecular

geometry (around

each central atom)

BrF4-



Orbital Box Diagram

Central

atom

s

bonds

Lone

Pairs

(LP)

s

bonds

+ LP

p

bonds


arrangement

Molecular

geometry (around

each central atom)

IF6+



Orbital Box Diagram

Central

atom

s

bonds

Lone

Pairs

(LP)

s

bonds

+ LP

p

bonds


arrangement

Molecular

geometry (around

each central atom)

XeF3 +



Orbital Box Diagram

Central

atom

s

bonds

Lone

Pairs

(LP)

s

bonds

+ LP

p

bonds


arrangement

Molecular

geometry (around

each central atom)

CN-



Orbital Box Diagram

Central

atom

s

bonds

Lone

Pairs

(LP)

s

bonds

+ LP

p

bonds


arrangement

Molecular

geometry (around

each central atom)

CH2O



Orbital Box Diagram

Central

atom

s

bonds

Lone

Pairs

(LP)

s

bonds

+ LP

p

bonds


arrangement

Molecular

geometry (around

each central atom)



Orbital Box Diagram

chemistry nya answers part 4

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