Chemistry IIBeginning of the Year

Warm Up

Let's see what the sun baked out this summer!

Easy Ones!

• What is the chart thing on the wall?

– Answer: Periodic Table

• Bonus: How is it arranged?

– Answer: By atomic number / by number of protons

Tell me what else you know about this thing ...

Other things to know:

• Polyatomic Ions• Naming Compounds• Writing Compound Formulas• Identifying Charges on Ions

• Any of these SCARE you???

Where to Start??

Our first topic is bonding… so you should remember the following items from Pre-AP or Chemistry I.

If these first five slides made you sick, you are either going to have to study/review/ask for help/wake up your brain, or reconsider your schedule.

Periodic Trends

What do you remember about Periodic trends?

Did you get it all?

Periodic Trends

Definition: a pattern of behavior on the periodic table• Defined for a group

• Defined for a period

Some Examples:• Atomic Size: • Electronegativity:• Ionization Energy:

Periodic Trends Continued…

• Atomic Size- atomic radius• increases down a group, decreases L-R across a period

• Electronegativity- Ability of an atom to attract shared electrons "greed“

• Decreases down a group, Increases L-R across a period

• Ionization Energy- Energy needed to remove electrons from the atom

• Decreases down a group, Increases L-R across a period

Next Topic: Valence Electrons

What do you remember about Valence Electrons?

Did you get it all?

Valence Electrons

• Outermost Electron(s)• Control chemical activity• Can be shared• Can be transferred• Loss of electrons = positive ion• Gain of electrons = negative ion• Involved in bonding (sharing, transfer)

Atomic Models

What do you remember about atomic models?

Did you get it all?

Atomic Models

• JJ Thomson “Plum Pudding Model”

• Rutherford “Gold Foil Experiment”

• Bohr “orbits, only worked for H”

Atomic Models continued

• Current Model- Wave Mechanical Model• Mathematical representation• Orbital- area of probability- expect to find electrons• s/p/d/f sublevels• Electron configurations represent mathematical

description

Electron Configurations

What do you remember about Electron Configurations?

Did you get it all?

Electron Configurations

• Description of electron arrangement• wave mechanical model• quantum mechanical model

• Orbital- probability zone• Pauli Exclusion Principle: no two electrons can

have the same set of four quantum numbers• Quantum Numbers

• Principle Energy Level• Sublevel- s, p, d, f• Orbital• Spin

Anatomy of a Standard Electron Configuration

1s2 Principle Energy Level:

Tells distance from nucleusRelative amount of energyNumber of sublevels in the P.E.L.

Number of electrons in the sublevel

Sublevel:Tells shape of orbitalIndicates how many electrons may be helds - 2 electrons

max.p- 6 electrons max.d- 10 electrons max.f- 14 electrons max.

Abbreviated Configurations

• Start with the previous noble gas in brackets

[He] 2s2 2p4

Previous noble gas symbol placed in brackets

Continue with electron configuration from noble gas on

Orbital Diagrams

• Show the fourth quantum number- spin

1s 2s 2p

Practice Electron Configurations• Magnesium- atomic #12

– Standard configuration

– Abbreviated configuration

– Orbital diagram

You should remember what you learned in Chemistry I or Pre AP !

If you do not, the items you will need most right now are:

• recognize polyatomic ions (names, formulas and charges)• write formulas for compounds, write names for formulas• describe basic workings/organization of periodic table

Later you will need:

• describe parts of a chemical equation : reactant, product, coefficients

• describe basic parts of a solution: solvent, solute, concentration (molarity)

• describe acids and bases

Assignment

• Electron Configuration Practice Worksheet

• Answer Key Page 1• Answer Key Page 2