chemistry for changing times (cfct) - university...
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Chemistry for Changing Times(CFCT)(CFCT)
• Chapter 1: ChemistryChapter 1: Chemistry • Chapter 2: Atoms• Chapter 3: Atomic structure• Chapter 4: Nuclear chemistry• Chapter 4: Nuclear chemistry• Chapter 5: Chemical bonding• Chapter 6: Math• Chapter 7: Acids and bases• Chapter 7: Acids and bases• Chapter 8: Oxidation and reduction• Chapter 9: Organic chemistry
Ch t 10 P l• Chapter 10: Polymers• Chapter 11: Metals and minerals• Chapter 12: Air
Ch t 13 W t• Chapter 13: Water• Chapter 14: Energy & fuel
T fTo prepare for our topic lectures each weekour topic lectures each week
• Read the appropriate chapter in CFCT.• Skim parts you feel are basic to you.Skim parts you feel are basic to you.• Carefully read new materials and prepare
questionsquestions.
C6H12O6+
6 O2 ADP P2 ADP + Pi
6 CO2+
ATP
6 H2O
Photosynthesis Respiration
Modified from Biochemistry (Mathews, van Holde, and Ahern)
Introduction to Biomolecules
• Carbohydrates (sugars, starches, y ( gcellulose)
• Fats & lipids• Fats & lipids• Proteins• Nucleic acids (DNA & RNA)
Lipids: Fats and Fatty acidsLipids: Fats and Fatty acids
(other examples of lipids are cholesterol(other examples of lipids are cholesterol, sex hormones, fat-soluble vitamins, etc.)
Primary structurey
Glutamate
Glycine trans
Cysteine
transorientation
Cysteine
ValineValine
L iLysine
Secondary structureSecondary structure
M tl h liMostly β-sheet:
Mostly α-helix:
MyohemerythrinImmunoglobulin, V2 domain
Tertiary structure
Four-helix bundle:
Myohemerythrin
Antiparallel β-barrel:
Immunoglobulin, V2d i
Parallel β-barrel,
α/β:domain Pyruvate kinase,
domain 1
Cofactors3
SCys
N N1
S Cys
Fe
N N5
8Iron-sulfur cluster
O
-O
O
-O
heme
Metals: Cu ZnMetals: Cu, Zn, Fe, Mg, Ca, Ni, Coflavin
DNA and RNA areDNA and RNA are long chains of n cleotides bondednucleotides, bonded through phospate groups.
Each is a series ofEach is a series of heterocyclic bases
tt h d battached by a phosphate and sugar backbone.
Transcription:pFrom gene to mRNA
mRNA attaches toibribosome
Translation:tRNA brings in amino acidstRNA brings in amino acids