chemistry chapter 5 lessons 5-1 and 5-2: objectives: to learn to name binary compounds of a metal...
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ChemistryChapter 5
Lessons 5-1 and 5-2:Objectives:To learn to name binary compounds of a metal and a nonmetal.
Binary compounds
• TWO BROAD CLASSES
1) Compounds that contain a metal and a nonmetal (Type I and Type II)
2) Compounds that contain 2 nonmetals
(Type III)
BINARY IONIC Compounds
A compound that results from the combination of a metal with a nonmetal.
-The positive ion (cation) gets written first
-To name these compounds, just name the ions.
In summary:
• Type I compounds: The metal present forms only one type of cation.
• Type II compounds: The metal present can form 2 or more cations that have different charges.
Table 5.1
Rules for Naming Type I Ionic Compounds
1) The cation is always named first and the anion second.
2) A simple cation (obtained from a single atom) takes its name form the name of the element. For example Na+ is called sodium in the names of compounds containing this ion.
3) A simple anion (obtained from a single atom) is named by taking the first part of the element name (the root) and adding –ide.
Practice
Compound Ions Present Name
NaCl
KI
CaS
CsBr
MgO
Individual Practice: Open to p. 87-88 Do Self-Check Exercise 4-1Complete for HW
Table 5.2
Common Names - Exceptions
• H2O = water, steam, ice
• NH3 = ammonia
• CH4 = methane
• NaCl = table salt
• C12H22O11 = table sugar
Objectives
• Quiz on Type II cations
• Identify the rules for Type III binary compounds (nonmetals)
• Practice naming Type II binary ionic compounds and Type III binary compounds
Examples for Type II binary ionic compounds
Example Systematic Name Older Name
Fe2O3
CuCl2
HgBr2
PbI4
iron(III)oxide ferric oxide
copper(II) chloride cupric chloride
mercury(II) bromide mercuric bromide
lead(IV) iodide plumbic iodide
Naming Binary Compounds that Contain Only Nonmetals (Type III)
• Objective: To learn how to name binary compounds containing nonmetals
Naming Binary Compounds that Contain Only Nonmetals (Type III)
Similar to naming other binary compounds EXCEPT
Type III Binary compounds contain ONLY NONMETALS
1) The 1st element in the formula is named 1st, and the full element name is used.
2) The 2nd element is named as though it were an anion.
3) Prefixes are used to denote the numbers of atoms present. (mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta-, octa)
4) The prefix mono- is never used for naming the 1st element. (Ex. CO carbon monoxide, not monocarbon monoxide).
Naming Binary Compounds that Contain Only Nonmetals (Type III)
Naming Binary Compounds that Contain Only Nonmetals (Type III)
I2O7
CO2
CF4
NH3
PCl3BF3
NON2O5
diiodine heptoxide
S
carbon dioxidecarbon tetrafluorideammoniaphosphorous trichlorideboron trifluoridenitrogen oxidedinitrogen pentoxide
Examples for Type II binary ionic compounds
Example Systematic Name Older Name
Fe2O3
CuCl2
HgBr2
PbI4
iron(III)oxide ferric oxide
copper(II) chloride cupric chloride
mercury(II) bromide mercuric bromide
lead(IV) iodide plumbic iodide
Naming Binary Compounds: A Review
• Objectives: To review the naming of Type I, II, and Type III binary compounds
Figure 5.1: A flow chart for naming binary compounds.
Naming Compounds that Contain Polyatomic Ions
• Objective: To learn the names of the common polyatomic ions and how to use them in naming compounds
LEARN THIS TABLE
Oxyanions contain different numbers of oxygen atoms
Oxyanions contain different numbers of oxygen atoms
Smaller number of oxygen atoms -iteLarger number of oxygen atoms -ate
Prefixes are used when there are more than 2Hypo (less than)Per ( more than)
Example: ClO hypochlorite ClO2 chlorite ClO3 chlorate ClO4 perchlorate
Practice Naming these compounds
Cu(NO3)2
PbCO3
KHSO4
NH4I
NaCN
copper(II) nitrate
lead(II) carbonate
potassium hydrogen sulfate
ammonium iodide
sodium cyanide
Figure 5.2: Overall strategy for naming chemical compounds.
Naming Acids
• Objectives:
1) To learn how the anion composition determines the acid’s name.
2) To learn names for common acids.
Acids
Acids: certain molecules produce H+ ions. An acid can be viewed as a molecule with one or more H+ ions attached to an anion.
Naming Acids
Rules
1) If the anion does not contain Oxygen, the acid is named with the prefix hydro- and the suffix –ic attached to the root of the element.
Example: HCl hydrochloric acid
Naming Acids
2) When the anion contains Oxygen, the acid name is formed from the root name of the central element with a suffix of –ic or –ous. When the anion ends in –ate, the suffix-ic is used. When the anion ends in –ite the suffix, ous is used
Example: H2SO4 sulfuric acid
Example: H2SO3 sulfurous acid
Name these AcidsHF
H3PO4
HNO3
HBrO4
H2S
hydrofluoric acid
phosphoric acid
nitric acid
bromic acid
hydrosulfuric acid
p.109 Question 24