chemistry 2100 lecture 10. proteins proteins serve many functions, including the following....
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Chemistry 2100
Lecture 10
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ProteinsProteins serve many functions, including the following.– 1. Structure:Structure: Collagen and keratin are the chief
constituents of skin, bone, hair, and nails.– 2. Catalysts:Catalysts: Virtually all reactions in living systems
are catalyzed by proteins called enzymes.– 3. Movement:Movement: Muscles are made up of proteins
called myosin and actin.– 4. TransportTransport: Hemoglobin transports oxygen from
the lungs to cells; other proteins transport molecules across cell membranes.
– 5. Hormones:Hormones: Many hormones are proteins, among them insulin, oxytocin, and human growth hormone.
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Proteins– 6. Protection: Protection: Blood clotting involves the protein
fibrinogen; the body used proteins called antibodies to fight disease.
– 7. Storage:Storage: Casein in milk and ovalbumin in eggs store nutrients for newborn infants and birds. Ferritin, a protein in the liver, stores iron.
– 8. Regulation:Regulation: Certain proteins not only control the expression of genes, but also control when gene expression takes place.
• Proteins are divided into two types:– Fibrous proteins– Globular proteins
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• nonpolar
• polar / neutral
• acidic / basic
COOH
R
HH2 N
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Chirality of -Amino AcidsWith the exception of glycine, all protein-derived amino acids have at least one stereocenter (the -carbon) and are chiral.– The vast majority of -amino acids have
the L-configuration at the -carbon.
H NH3+
COO-
CH3
+H3N H
COO-
CH3
D-Alanine L-Alanine
(Fischer projections)
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• nonpolar
• polar / neutral
• acidic / basic
COOH
R
HH2 N
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Protein-Derived -Amino Acids
Nonpolar side chains (at pH 7.0)
NH3+
COO-
NH3+
COO-
NH3+
COO-
NH3+
COO-
NH3+
COO-S
NH3+
COO-
NH H
COO-
NH3+
COO-
NH
COO-
NH3+
Alanine (Ala, A)
Glycine (Gly, G)
Isoleucine (Ile, I)
Leucine (Leu, L)
Methionine (Met, M)
Phenylalanine (Phe, F)
Proline (Pro, P)
Tryptophan (Trp, W)
Valine (Val, V)
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Protein-Derived -Amino Acids
• Polar side chains (at pH 7.0)
NH3+
COO-
HS
NH3+
COO-
HO
Cysteine (Cys, C)
Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)
NH3+
COO-H2N
O
NH3+
COO-
H2N
O
NH3+
COO-
HO
NH3+
COO-OH
Asparagine (Asn, N)
Glutamine (Gln, Q)
Serine (Ser, S)
Threonine (Thr, T)
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Acidic and basic side chains (at pH 7.0)
Protein-Derived -Amino Acids
NH3+
COO--O
O
NH3+
COO--O
O NH3+
COO-
NH
H2N
NH2+
NH3+
COO-
N
NH
NH3+
COO-H3N
Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
Histidine (His, H)
Lysine (Lys, K)
Arginine (Arg, R)
+
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essential amino acids
Leu, Ile, Lys, Met, Phe, Thr, Trp, Val, His ( Arg, Tyr, Cys )
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zwitterion
H2 N H
COO
R
H2 N H
COOH
R
H3 N H
COOH
R
H3O+
OH-
H3
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Ionization vs. pH
The net charge on an amino acid depends on the pH of the solution in which it is dissolved.– If we dissolve an amino acid in water, it is
present in the aqueous solution as its zwitterion.
– If we add a strong acid such as HCl to bring the pH of the solution to 0.0, the strong acid donates a proton to the -COO- of the amino acid turning the zwitterion into a positive ion.
+
RH3N-CH-C-O
-O
+ H3O+ +
RH3N-CH-C-OH
O+H2O
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Ionization vs. pH
– If we add a strong base such as NaOH to the solution and bring its pH to 14, a proton is transferred from the NH3
+ group to the base turning the zwitterion into a negative ion.
– To summarize:
+
RH3N-CH-C-O
-O
+ OH-
RH2N-CH-C-O-
O+H2O
+
RH3N-CH-C-O
-O+
RH3N-CH-C-OH
O
RH2N-CH-C-O-
OOH-
H3O+
OH-
H3O+
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Problem: Calculate the net charge of lysine at pH = 3, 7, 11. Estimate pI for lysine.
CH2CH2CH2CH2NH2
H2N H
COOH
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CH2CH2CH2CH2NH2
H2N H
COOH
pH = 7
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CH2CH2CH2CH2NH2
H2N H
COOH
pH = 7
(–)
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CH2CH2CH2CH2NH2
H2N H
COOH
pH = 7
(–)
(+)
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CH2CH2CH2CH2NH2
H2N H
COOH
pH = 7
(–)
(+)
(+)
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CH2CH2CH2CH2NH2
H2N H
COOH
CH2CH2CH2CH2NH2
H2N H
COOH
pH = 7
(–)
(+)
(+)
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CH2CH2CH2CH2NH2
H2N H
COOH
pH = 3
CH2CH2CH2CH2NH2
H2N H
COOH
pH = 7
(–)
(+)
(+)
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CH2CH2CH2CH2NH2
H2N H
COOH
pH = 3
(+)
(+)
CH2CH2CH2CH2NH2
H2N H
COOH
pH = 7
(–)
(+)
(+)
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CH2CH2CH2CH2NH2
H2N H
COOH
pH = 11
CH2CH2CH2CH2NH2
H2N H
COOH
pH = 3
CH2CH2CH2CH2NH2
H2N H
COOH
pH = 7
(–)
(+)
(+)
(+)
(+)
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CH2CH2CH2CH2NH2
H2N H
COOH
pH = 11
CH2CH2CH2CH2NH2
H2N H
COOH
pH = 3
CH2CH2CH2CH2NH2
H2N H
COOH
pH = 7
(–)
(+)
(+)
(+)
(+)
(–)
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Isoelectric Point (pI)• Isoelectric Isoelectric
point, pI:point, pI:The pH at which the majority of molecules of a compound in solution have no net charge.
6.015.41
5.655.976.025.985.745.486.485.685.87
5.885.97
pI
valinetryptophan
threonineserineprolinephenylalaninemethionineleucineisoleucineglycineglutamine
asparaginealanine
Nonpolar &polar side chains
10.76
2.77
5.073.22
7.599.74
5.66
pI
tyrosine
lysinehistidine
glutamic acidcysteine
aspartic acid
arginine
AcidicSide Chains
BasicSide Chains pI
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Problem: Predict the electrophoresis behavior at pH 6.0 of a mixture of alanine (pI 6.0), aspartic acid (pI 2.8) and lysine (pI 9.7)
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Problem: Predict the electrophoresis behavior at pH 6.0 of a mixture of alanine (pI 6.0), aspartic acid (pI 2.8) and lysine (pI 9.7)
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Problem: Predict the electrophoresis behavior at pH 6.0 of a mixture of alanine (pI 6.0), aspartic acid (pI 2.8) and lysine (pI 9.7)
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Lys Ala Asp
Problem: Predict the electrophoresis behavior at pH 6.0 of a mixture of alanine (pI 6.0), aspartic acid (pI 2.8) and lysine (pI 9.7)
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O
OHCH CH2 N
R
O
OHCH CH2 N
R'
+
O
CH CH2N
R R'
NH CCH OH
O(-HOH)
Peptide Bonds
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O
OHCH CH2 N
R
O
OHCH CH2 N
R'
+
O
CH CH2N
R R'
NH CCH OH
O(-HOH)
Peptide Bonds
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O
OHCH CH2 N
R
O
OHCH CH2 N
R'
+
O
CH CH2N
R R'
NH CCH OH
O(-HOH)
Peptide Bonds
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O
OHCH CH2 N
R
O
OHCH CH2 N
R'
+
O
CH CH2N
R R'
NH CCH OH
O(-HOH)
Peptide Bonds
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O
OHCH CH2 N
R
O
OHCH CH2 N
R'
+
O
CH CH2N
R R'
NH CCH OH
O(-HOH)
Peptide Bonds
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"
"
"
CC
O
H
R
H
R'
H "R
H
"R
H
R H
H
H O
HO
O
OH
NC
CN
CC
NC
CN
CC
N
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"
"
"
CC
O
H
R
H
R'
H "R
H
"R
H
R H
H
H O
HO
O
OH
NC
CN
CC
NC
CN
CC
N
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"
"
"
CC
O
H
R
H
R'
H "R
H
"R
H
R H
H
H O
HO
O
OH
NC
CN
CC
NC
CN
CC
N
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"
"
"
CC
O
H
R
H
R'
H "R
H
"R
H
R H
H
H O
HO
O
OH
NC
CN
CC
NC
CN
CC
N
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"
"
"
CC
O
H
R
H
R'
H "R
H
"R
H
R H
H
H O
HO
O
OH
NC
CN
CC
NC
CN
CC
N
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O
CH C NH CCH
O
NH
CH2 COOH
NH CCH
O
CH2 OH CH2 CH2 SCH3
O
NHCCHH2 N
(CH2 )4 NH2
CH C OH
O
(CH2 )3 NHCNH2
NHlysylserylmethionylaspartylarginine [Lys–Ser–Met–Asp–Arg]
(–)
(–)
(N-terminus) (C-terminus)
(+)
(+)
(+)
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O
CH C NH CCH
O
NH
CH2 COOH
NH CCH
O
CH2 OH CH2 CH2 SCH3
O
NHCCHH2 N
(CH2 )4 NH2
CH C OH
O
(CH2 )3 NHCNH2
NHlysylserylmethionylaspartylarginine [Lys–Ser–Met–Asp–Arg]
(–)
(–)
(N-terminus) (C-terminus)
(+)
(+)
(+)
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O
CH C NH CCH
O
NH
CH2 COOH
NH CCH
O
CH2 OH CH2 CH2 SCH3
O
NHCCHH2 N
(CH2 )4 NH2
CH C OH
O
(CH2 )3 NHCNH2
NHlysylserylmethionylaspartylarginine [Lys–Ser–Met–Asp–Arg]
(–)
(–)
(N-terminus) (C-terminus)
(+)
(+)
(+)
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O
CH C NH CCH
O
NH
CH2 COOH
NH CCH
O
CH2 OH CH2 CH2 SCH3
O
NHCCHH2 N
(CH2 )4 NH2
CH C OH
O
(CH2 )3 NHCNH2
NHlysylserylmethionylaspartylarginine [Lys–Ser–Met–Asp–Arg]
(–)
(–)
(N-terminus) (C-terminus)
(+)
(+)
(+)
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O
CH C NH CCH
O
NH
CH2 COOH
NH CCH
O
CH2 OH CH2 CH2 SCH3
O
NHCCHH2 N
(CH2 )4 NH2
CH C OH
O
(CH2 )3 NHCNH2
NHlysylserylmethionylaspartylarginine [Lys–Ser–Met–Asp–Arg]
(–)
(–)
(N-terminus) (C-terminus)
(+)
(+)
(+)
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O
CH C NH CCH
O
NH
CH2 COOH
NH CCH
O
CH2 OH CH2 CH2 SCH3
O
NHCCHH2 N
(CH2 )4 NH2
CH C OH
O
(CH2 )3 NHCNH2
NH
pH = 7
lysylserylmethionylaspartylarginine [Lys–Ser–Met–Asp–Arg]
(–)
(–)
(N-terminus) (C-terminus)
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O
CH C NH CCH
O
NH
CH2 COOH
NH CCH
O
CH2 OH CH2 CH2 SCH3
O
NHCCHH2 N
(CH2 )4 NH2
CH C OH
O
(CH2 )3 NHCNH2
NH
pH = 7
lysylserylmethionylaspartylarginine [Lys–Ser–Met–Asp–Arg]
(–)
(–)
(N-terminus) (C-terminus)
(+)
(+)
(+)
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O
CH C NH CCH
O
NH
CH2 COOH
NH CCH
O
CH2 OH CH2 CH2 SCH3
O
NHCCHH2 N
(CH2 )4 NH2
CH C OH
O
(CH2 )3 NHCNH2
NH
pH = 3
lysylserylmethionylaspartylarginine [Lys–Ser–Met–Asp–Arg]
(–)
(–)
(N-terminus) (C-terminus)
(+)
(+)
(+)
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O
CH C NH CCH
O
NH
CH2 COOH
NH CCH
O
CH2 OH CH2 CH2 SCH3
O
NHCCHH2 N
(CH2 )4 NH2
CH C OH
O
(CH2 )3 NHCNH2
NH
pH = 3
lysylserylmethionylaspartylarginine [Lys–Ser–Met–Asp–Arg]
(–)
(–)
(N-terminus) (C-terminus)
(+)
(+)
(+)
![Page 48: Chemistry 2100 Lecture 10. Proteins Proteins serve many functions, including the following. Structure: –1. Structure: Collagen and keratin are the chief](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103015/551405d6550346e2488b4b28/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
O
CH C NH CCH
O
NH
CH2 COOH
NH CCH
O
CH2 OH CH2 CH2 SCH3
O
NHCCHH2 N
(CH2 )4 NH2
CH C OH
O
(CH2 )3 NHCNH2
NH
pH = 11
lysylserylmethionylaspartylarginine [Lys–Ser–Met–Asp–Arg]
(–)
(–)
(N-terminus) (C-terminus)
![Page 49: Chemistry 2100 Lecture 10. Proteins Proteins serve many functions, including the following. Structure: –1. Structure: Collagen and keratin are the chief](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103015/551405d6550346e2488b4b28/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
O
CH C NH CCH
O
NH
CH2 COOH
NH CCH
O
CH2 OH CH2 CH2 SCH3
O
NHCCHH2 N
(CH2 )4 NH2
CH C OH
O
(CH2 )3 NHCNH2
NH
pH = 11
lysylserylmethionylaspartylarginine [Lys–Ser–Met–Asp–Arg]
(–)
(–)
(N-terminus) (C-terminus)
![Page 50: Chemistry 2100 Lecture 10. Proteins Proteins serve many functions, including the following. Structure: –1. Structure: Collagen and keratin are the chief](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103015/551405d6550346e2488b4b28/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
(5!) = 120 combinations
(20!) = 2.4 1018 eicosapeptides
(205) = 3.2 106 possible pentapeptides
++++H+ or OH-
Arg Asp Lys Met Ser H2OLys – Ser – Met – Asp – Arg
![Page 51: Chemistry 2100 Lecture 10. Proteins Proteins serve many functions, including the following. Structure: –1. Structure: Collagen and keratin are the chief](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103015/551405d6550346e2488b4b28/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
(5!) = 120 combinations
(20!) = 2.4 1018 eicosapeptides
(205) = 3.2 106 possible pentapeptides
++++H+ or OH-
Arg Asp Lys Met Ser H2OLys – Ser – Met – Asp – Arg
![Page 52: Chemistry 2100 Lecture 10. Proteins Proteins serve many functions, including the following. Structure: –1. Structure: Collagen and keratin are the chief](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103015/551405d6550346e2488b4b28/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
(5!) = 120 combinations
(20!) = 2.4 1018 eicosapeptides
(205) = 3.2 106 possible pentapeptides
++++H+ or OH-
Arg Asp Lys Met Ser H2OLys – Ser – Met – Asp – Arg
![Page 53: Chemistry 2100 Lecture 10. Proteins Proteins serve many functions, including the following. Structure: –1. Structure: Collagen and keratin are the chief](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103015/551405d6550346e2488b4b28/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
(5!) = 120 combinations
(20!) = 2.4 1018 eicosapeptides
(205) = 3.2 106 possible pentapeptides
++++H+ or OH-
Arg Asp Lys Met Ser H2OLys – Ser – Met – Asp – Arg
![Page 54: Chemistry 2100 Lecture 10. Proteins Proteins serve many functions, including the following. Structure: –1. Structure: Collagen and keratin are the chief](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103015/551405d6550346e2488b4b28/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
(5!) = 120 combinations
(20!) = 2.4 1018 eicosapeptides
(205) = 3.2 106 possible pentapeptides
++++H+ or OH-
Arg Asp Lys Met Ser H2OLys – Ser – Met – Asp – Arg
![Page 55: Chemistry 2100 Lecture 10. Proteins Proteins serve many functions, including the following. Structure: –1. Structure: Collagen and keratin are the chief](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103015/551405d6550346e2488b4b28/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
(5!) = 120 combinations
(20!) = 2.4 1018 eicosapeptides
(205) = 3.2 106 possible pentapeptides
++++H+ or OH-
Arg Asp Lys Met Ser H2OLys – Ser – Met – Asp – Arg
![Page 56: Chemistry 2100 Lecture 10. Proteins Proteins serve many functions, including the following. Structure: –1. Structure: Collagen and keratin are the chief](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103015/551405d6550346e2488b4b28/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
oxytocin
vasopressin
Cys
Tyr
Phe Gln
Asn
Cys
SS
H2N
O
NH2CGlyArgPro
Cys
Tyr
Ile Gln
Asn
Cys
SS
H2N
O
NH2CGlyLeuPro
![Page 57: Chemistry 2100 Lecture 10. Proteins Proteins serve many functions, including the following. Structure: –1. Structure: Collagen and keratin are the chief](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103015/551405d6550346e2488b4b28/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
CH C NH CCH OH
O O
CH2
OO
HH
NHCCHNHCCHNH
O
HO
NH2
C
Tyr–Gly–Gly–Phe–MetMethionine enkephalin
CH2 CHCH3
CH3
Morphine
O
N
HO OH
CH3
H
H
Tyr–Gly–Gly–Phe–LeuLeucine enkephalin
Enkephalins
![Page 58: Chemistry 2100 Lecture 10. Proteins Proteins serve many functions, including the following. Structure: –1. Structure: Collagen and keratin are the chief](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103015/551405d6550346e2488b4b28/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
SS
Gly–Ile–Val–Glu–Gln–Cys–Cys–Thr–Ser–Ile–Cys–Ser–Leu–Tyr–Gln–Leu–Glu–Asn–Tyr–Cys–Asn
Phe–Val–Asn–Gln–His–Leu–Cys–Gly–Ser–His–Leu–Val–Glu–Ala–Leu–Tyr–Leu–Val–Cys–Gly–Glu–Arg–Gly–Phe–Phe–Tyr–Thr–Pro–Lys–Thr
S5 10 15 3020 25
5 10 15 20
SS
S
Insulin
![Page 59: Chemistry 2100 Lecture 10. Proteins Proteins serve many functions, including the following. Structure: –1. Structure: Collagen and keratin are the chief](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103015/551405d6550346e2488b4b28/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Structure of Proteins
![Page 60: Chemistry 2100 Lecture 10. Proteins Proteins serve many functions, including the following. Structure: –1. Structure: Collagen and keratin are the chief](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103015/551405d6550346e2488b4b28/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
"
N CH C
H R
N
O
H
CH
R'
C
O O
R"H
CCHN
" R
O
C
R"
CH
H
O
N
R"H
CCHN N CH C
H
O
![Page 61: Chemistry 2100 Lecture 10. Proteins Proteins serve many functions, including the following. Structure: –1. Structure: Collagen and keratin are the chief](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103015/551405d6550346e2488b4b28/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
"
N CH C
H R
N
O
H
CH
R'
C
O O
R"H
CCHN
" R
O
C
R"
CH
H
O
N
R"H
CCHN N CH C
H
O
![Page 62: Chemistry 2100 Lecture 10. Proteins Proteins serve many functions, including the following. Structure: –1. Structure: Collagen and keratin are the chief](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103015/551405d6550346e2488b4b28/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
"
N CH C
H R
N
O
H
CH
R'
C
O O
R"H
CCHN
" R
O
C
R"
CH
H
O
N
R"H
CCHN N CH C
H
O
![Page 63: Chemistry 2100 Lecture 10. Proteins Proteins serve many functions, including the following. Structure: –1. Structure: Collagen and keratin are the chief](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103015/551405d6550346e2488b4b28/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
"
N CH C
H R
N
O
H
CH
R'
C
O O
R"H
CCHN
" R
O
C
R"
CH
H
O
N
R"H
CCHN N CH C
H
O
![Page 64: Chemistry 2100 Lecture 10. Proteins Proteins serve many functions, including the following. Structure: –1. Structure: Collagen and keratin are the chief](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103015/551405d6550346e2488b4b28/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Secondary Structure: The -Helix
![Page 65: Chemistry 2100 Lecture 10. Proteins Proteins serve many functions, including the following. Structure: –1. Structure: Collagen and keratin are the chief](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103015/551405d6550346e2488b4b28/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
-Pleated Sheet
![Page 66: Chemistry 2100 Lecture 10. Proteins Proteins serve many functions, including the following. Structure: –1. Structure: Collagen and keratin are the chief](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103015/551405d6550346e2488b4b28/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Random Coil
![Page 67: Chemistry 2100 Lecture 10. Proteins Proteins serve many functions, including the following. Structure: –1. Structure: Collagen and keratin are the chief](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103015/551405d6550346e2488b4b28/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
-helix
-helix-pleated sheet
-pleated sheet
![Page 68: Chemistry 2100 Lecture 10. Proteins Proteins serve many functions, including the following. Structure: –1. Structure: Collagen and keratin are the chief](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103015/551405d6550346e2488b4b28/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Protein Tertiary Structure
![Page 69: Chemistry 2100 Lecture 10. Proteins Proteins serve many functions, including the following. Structure: –1. Structure: Collagen and keratin are the chief](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103015/551405d6550346e2488b4b28/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
-helix
-helix-pleated sheet
-pleated sheet
![Page 70: Chemistry 2100 Lecture 10. Proteins Proteins serve many functions, including the following. Structure: –1. Structure: Collagen and keratin are the chief](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103015/551405d6550346e2488b4b28/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
salt bridge
NH3
+
-helix
-helix-pleated sheet
-pleated sheet
C-O
O
![Page 71: Chemistry 2100 Lecture 10. Proteins Proteins serve many functions, including the following. Structure: –1. Structure: Collagen and keratin are the chief](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103015/551405d6550346e2488b4b28/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
hydrogenbond
CH2 O
H
CH2O
H
salt bridge
NH3
+
-helix
-helix-pleated sheet
-pleated sheet
C-O
O
![Page 72: Chemistry 2100 Lecture 10. Proteins Proteins serve many functions, including the following. Structure: –1. Structure: Collagen and keratin are the chief](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103015/551405d6550346e2488b4b28/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
hydrogenbond
CH2 O
H
CH2O
H
NH
H
C
OH
O
hydrogenbond
salt bridge
NH3
+
-helix
-helix-pleated sheet
-pleated sheet
C-O
O
![Page 73: Chemistry 2100 Lecture 10. Proteins Proteins serve many functions, including the following. Structure: –1. Structure: Collagen and keratin are the chief](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103015/551405d6550346e2488b4b28/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
hydrogenbond
CH2 O
H
CH2O
H
NH
H
C
OH
O
hydrogenbond
salt bridge
NH3
+
CH2
HO
hydrophilicinteraction
to water
CH2
C
NH2
O
CH2
HO
-helix
-helix-pleated sheet
-pleated sheet
C-O
O
![Page 74: Chemistry 2100 Lecture 10. Proteins Proteins serve many functions, including the following. Structure: –1. Structure: Collagen and keratin are the chief](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103015/551405d6550346e2488b4b28/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
CH2
CH2
hydrophobicinteraction
hydrogenbond
CH2 O
H
CH2O
H
NH
H
C
OH
O
hydrogenbond
salt bridge
NH3
+
CH2
HO
hydrophilicinteraction
to water
CH2
C
NH2
O
CH2
HO
-helix
-helix-pleated sheet
-pleated sheet
C-O
O
![Page 75: Chemistry 2100 Lecture 10. Proteins Proteins serve many functions, including the following. Structure: –1. Structure: Collagen and keratin are the chief](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103015/551405d6550346e2488b4b28/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
CH
CH3 CH3
CH3
CH2
CH2
hydrophobicinteraction
hydrogenbond
CH2 O
H
CH2O
H
NH
H
C
OH
O
hydrogenbond
salt bridge
NH3
+
CH2
HO
hydrophilicinteraction
to water
CH2
C
NH2
O
CH2
HO
-helix
-helix-pleated sheet
-pleated sheet
C-O
O
![Page 76: Chemistry 2100 Lecture 10. Proteins Proteins serve many functions, including the following. Structure: –1. Structure: Collagen and keratin are the chief](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103015/551405d6550346e2488b4b28/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
CH
CH3 CH3
CH3
CH2
CH2
hydrophobicinteraction
S
S
S
Sdisulfide
bond
hydrogenbond
CH2 O
H
CH2O
H
NH
H
C
OH
O
hydrogenbond
salt bridge
NH3
+
CH2
HO
hydrophilicinteraction
to water
CH2
C
NH2
O
CH2
HO
-helix
-helix-pleated sheet
-pleated sheet
C-O
O
![Page 77: Chemistry 2100 Lecture 10. Proteins Proteins serve many functions, including the following. Structure: –1. Structure: Collagen and keratin are the chief](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103015/551405d6550346e2488b4b28/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Protein Quaternary Structure
![Page 78: Chemistry 2100 Lecture 10. Proteins Proteins serve many functions, including the following. Structure: –1. Structure: Collagen and keratin are the chief](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103015/551405d6550346e2488b4b28/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
C3032H4816N735O780S8Fe4 (MW 64,450)
Hemoglobin
![Page 79: Chemistry 2100 Lecture 10. Proteins Proteins serve many functions, including the following. Structure: –1. Structure: Collagen and keratin are the chief](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103015/551405d6550346e2488b4b28/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Sickle-Cell Anemia
![Page 80: Chemistry 2100 Lecture 10. Proteins Proteins serve many functions, including the following. Structure: –1. Structure: Collagen and keratin are the chief](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103015/551405d6550346e2488b4b28/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Sequence Varies: Ask 23andMe
![Page 81: Chemistry 2100 Lecture 10. Proteins Proteins serve many functions, including the following. Structure: –1. Structure: Collagen and keratin are the chief](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103015/551405d6550346e2488b4b28/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Proteins
![Page 82: Chemistry 2100 Lecture 10. Proteins Proteins serve many functions, including the following. Structure: –1. Structure: Collagen and keratin are the chief](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103015/551405d6550346e2488b4b28/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Denaturation
![Page 83: Chemistry 2100 Lecture 10. Proteins Proteins serve many functions, including the following. Structure: –1. Structure: Collagen and keratin are the chief](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103015/551405d6550346e2488b4b28/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
Denaturation… also knownas “Cooking”
![Page 84: Chemistry 2100 Lecture 10. Proteins Proteins serve many functions, including the following. Structure: –1. Structure: Collagen and keratin are the chief](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103015/551405d6550346e2488b4b28/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Misfolding Diseases
![Page 85: Chemistry 2100 Lecture 10. Proteins Proteins serve many functions, including the following. Structure: –1. Structure: Collagen and keratin are the chief](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103015/551405d6550346e2488b4b28/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Mutation Impairs Proper Folding
Cystic Fibrosis
Sickle CellAnemia
![Page 86: Chemistry 2100 Lecture 10. Proteins Proteins serve many functions, including the following. Structure: –1. Structure: Collagen and keratin are the chief](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103015/551405d6550346e2488b4b28/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
Contagious Misfolding: Prions