chemistry 2 nd secondary (1)

7/29/2019 Chemistry 2 Nd Secondary (1)

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Questions1.Write short notes on:1-Hund's rule.2-Aufbau principle.3-Heisenberg uncertainty principle.4-Electron cloud.5-Defects of Bohr's theory.6-Excited atom.2.Write scientific term:1-Area of space around nucleus which has probability for finding electron.2-Sublevel can be saturated with 2 electrons.3-Sublevel can be saturated with 6 electrons.4-Sublevel can be saturated with 10 electrons.5-Sublevel can be saturated with 14 electrons.6-Electrons occupy sublevels according to increasing energy.7-Q. number which detects no of sub levels.8-Q. number which detects no of orbitals and their direction in space.9-Q. number used to detect direction of electron around its axis.10-Amount of energy gained or lost to jump electron from an energy level to

another.

11-The elements in which d-sublevel is filled successively.12-The elements in which (3d) sublevel is filled successively.13-The elements in which (4d) sublevel is filled successively.14-The elements in which (5d) sublevel is filled successively.15-The elements in which F-sublevel is filled successively.16-The elements in which (4f) sublevel is filled successively.17-The elements in which (5f) sublevel is filled successively.18-Elements (s) and (p) blocks, except that of group zero.19-Elements which all their energy level are completely filled.20-Elements which all their energy level are completely filled except the external

level.


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21-Elements which all their energy level are completely filled except the twoexternal levels.

22-Elements which all their energy level are completely filled except the threeexternal levels.

23-Elements which all their energy level are completely filled except the 3rd4thenergy levels.

24-Elements which all their energy level are completely filled except the 4th5thenergy levels.

25-Elements which all their energy level are completely filled except the 5th 6thenergy levels.

26-Elements which all their energy level is completely filled except the 5th 6th7th energy levels.

27-Elements which all their energy level is completely filled except the 4th 5th6th energy levels.

3.Complete:1-Max. No of energy levels in the heaviest known atom is 2-An element is atomic no 16. The electrons can be distributed in .. E.

levels . Sub levels and .orbital.

3-Orbitals of the same sub level are . In energy.4-Energy of electron depends on .and increases as 4.Compare between:1-Orbit and orbital.2-Principle, Q. no and subsidiary Q. no.3-Mag. Q. no and spin Q. no.4-Transition element.5-Lanthanides & Actinides.6-Period & Group


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5.Give reason:1-Its wrong to consider the electron as (-ve) particle only.2-Any orbital can be saturated by 2 electrons although they are negatively

charged.

3-The relation 2n2 can't be applied to O, P and Q levels.4-Sub level 4s is filled with 10 electrons.5-Sub level d is filled with 10 electrons.6-Its impossible to detect both velocity and location of electron at the same

time.7-Energy level N is filled with 32 electrons.8-Electrons of the same orbital spin in opposite direction.9-Electrons of the same sublevel prefer to be unpaired before pairing.10-Electrons prefer to be paired in a given sublevel than to transfer to a higher

sub l- level.

11-Spectral line for any element characterizes it.12-Lanthanides are called rare earth elements.13-Lanthanides are similar in the chemical properties.14-d-block consists of ten groups.15-The 6th period is ideal period.VIwrite electronic configuration for:-

Na11 , p15 , Cl 17 , Fe26 , Cr 24

VII- Choose:1-1stscientist defines the element is a)Dalton b) Rutherford c) Boyl d) Thomson2-Substance composed of 4 components which are (water, air, dust and fire) was

the idea of .

a) Bohr b) Rutherford c) Dalton d) Aristotle


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3-To prove that cathode rays taking part in all substances a)Have thermal effect.b)Transfer in straight line.c)Have tiny particles.

d)Don't changing substance of cathode or kind of gas.4-On heating gases or vapors under low pressure at high temperature

a)Absorbs light. b) Gives light.b)Gives gamma rays. D) Gives alpha rays.

5- An element with atomic number 73 isa) Main transition element c) actinides

b) Representative element d) lanthanides

6-The element 404 is

a) Representative s-block c) transition from 2ndseries

b) Representative p-block d) Nobel

7- An element with atomic no.34 its electronic configuration is

a) [Ar]18 , 3d10

, 4s2

,4p4

c) [Ar]18 , 3d10

, 4p5

b) [Ar]18 , 3s2 , 4p2 , 3d10 d) [Kr]36 , 4p

4 , 5s2

8- Period 6 in the periodic table contains .. types of elements

a) Six b) three c) four d) five

Show by experiment how can obtain cathode rays. Explain Thomson's atomic structure.

From Rutherford's experiment:

Explain the following results:

1-Most of the atom is a space not solid sphere.2-The atom has part characterized by more dense and have very small volume

(nucleus).

3-Charge of the dense part which has most mass of atom must have +ve charge.


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Answers

1-Write short nots on:(1) Hunds rule : No electron pairs with another electron in sublevel until

each orbital has one electron.

(2) Aufban principle : Electron enters each sublevel from the lowestsublevel to the higher one.

(3) Heisenberg uncertainty principle: Both speed and place of electroncant be determined in the same time.

(4) Electron cloud: Region which has high probability to find theelectron.

(5) Defects of Bohr theory:a-It cant explain the spectrum of any element except hydrogen.b-It considered electron as a negative particlec- said that its possible to determine both time and location

but experimentally impossible.

d-Hydrogen electron is a particle moving in a circular planer. But later wasconfirmed that hydrogen has three dimensional coordinates.

(6) Atom which gained quantum.2- Write scientific term:

1.Cloudorbital2.S sublevel3.

P sublevel

4.d sublevel5.f sublevel6.Auf ban principle7.Subsidiary8.Magnetic9.Spin10.

Quantum


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11.Main transition element12.1st transition element13.2nd transition element14.3rd transition element15.Inner transition element16.Lanthanides17.Actinides18.Representative elements19.Nobel gases20.Representative element21.Transition element22.Inner transition element23.1st transition element24.2nd transition element25.3rd transition element26.Actinides27.

Lanthanides

3-Complete :1.72.3593.equal


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4-Compare :Orbit Orbital

Its the circular path in whichelectron move (energy level)

Its the region which has high

probability to final the electron

cloud

Principle Q. no Subsidiary Q. no

It's the number from 1 to 7

Which represents the number

of E. levels (k ,L,M,N,O,P,Q)

It's the number represents the

number of sublevels in each energy

level and it has sublevels = the

number of level [ i.e n=h]( S ,P ,d ,f) spin

Mag Q. no Spin Q. no

Number which represents the

number of orbitals in each

sublevel i.e the (s) sublevel has

one orbital,(P) has three

orbitals

Number represents the number of

electrons in each orbital and the

direction of rotating of electron

(+ve , -ve) = 2n2

1st

transition series 2nd

transitionseries

3rd

transitionseries

The elements in which

3d is filled successively

The elements in

which 4d is filled

successively

The elements in

which 5d is filled

successively

Period Group

Elements are arranged

horizontally

Elements are arranged vertically

They have different properties

and valences

They have the same properties

and valence

They have different electron

composition of the highest

energy level

They are identical in electron

composition of the highest energy

level

They have the same

principal quantum number

The principal quantum number

changes by one down the group


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5-Give reason:1.

Because. It has a wave property

2.Because. The magnetic filled of one of them the opposite directionof another.

3.As its only applied for the first four levels4.Has 5 orbital5.By applying principles of quantum mechanics6.Consists of 4 sublevels = 16 orbital = 38 electrons7.

To not repel8.To be stable

9.To be stable10.To be stable11.No two elements have the some spectral line.12.This is because their ores are found in the form of mixed elements

that can't be separated by normal chemical methods.

13.Because they have the same valence electrons (6s2/ 5d1).14.Because d-sublevel has five orbital and it is filled with 10

electrons.

15.Because it contains elements from the all block (6s/6p/5d/4f) andalso contains elements from all types (Nobel, Representative,

transition and inner transition elements).

6- Write electronic configuration for:

Na11 1s

2

, 2s

2

, 2p

6

, 3s

1

P15 1s

2, 2s

2, 2P

6, 3s

2, 3P

3

Cl17 1s2

, 2s2

, 2P6

, 3s2

, 3P5

Fe26 1s2

, 2s2

, 2P6

, 3s2

, 3P6

, 4s2

, 3d6

Cr24 1s2

, 2s2

, 2P6

, 4s2

, 3d4


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7- Choose :

1.C) Boy I2.D) Aristole3.D) dont changing substance of cathode or kind of gas.4.B) Gives light .5.A)6.C)7.A)8.C)8- Explain the following:

1.Because most of rays hit the same place

2.Small percentage of rays reflected back3.Some of rays were deflected

chemistry 2 nd secondary (1)

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