chemistry 161 chapter 1
DESCRIPTION
CHEMISTRY 161 Chapter 1. Chemistry. arabic: al-kimya greek: khymeia latin: chimica. ‘FUSION’. ~ 3,500 BC. Solar System Chemistry. Chemistry in Space. Amino Acids. Sugars. Star Formation. Star Destruction. ASTROBIOLOGY. PROPERTIES OF MATTER. physical. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
CHEMISTRY 161
Chapter 1
Chemistryarabic: al-kimya greek: khymeia
latin: chimica
‘FUSION’~ 3,500 BC
Solar System Chemistry
Chemistry in Space
Star Formation Star Destruction
Amino Acids Sugars
ASTROBIOLOGY
PROPERTIES OF MATTERphysical chemical
densitycolorodor
(determine w/o destruction of matter)
reactivity
(determine w/ destruction of matter)
CHEMICAL REACTIONSTATE
EXPERIMENT I
EXPERIMENT II
decomposition (water)
combination from two or more elements
(exception: ozone O3)
EXPERIMENT IIIEXPERIMENT IV
ELEMENTS1. cannot be decomposed by chemical means
2. different elements have different properties
3. each element is assigned a unique chemical symbol(one or two letters)(common language)
a) first letter is always capitalizedb) all remaining letter(s) are lower case
EXPERIMENT V
BOOK(112/114/116)
Measurementsmeasurements are numerical (quantitative) observations
how much?
weight; volume; speed; energy; density; distance
qualitative observations
color, small
what?
number error* unit
Measurements
*uncertainty
measurement unit symbol
length meter mmass gram gtime second selectrical current ampere Atemperature Kelvin Kamount of substance mole molluminous intensity candela cd
SI base unit
all units are derived from 7 SI base units
derived unitsarea length width
volume length width height
velocity distance / time
velocity / timeacceleration
Pressure [Pa; mbar, torr]760 torr ~ 1013 mbar ~ 105 Pa
Force [N] acceleration mass
force / area
number unit
Measurements
50 m s-1
300,000,000 m s-1
Decimal Multipliers
prefix symbol factor power of 10mega M 1000000 106 kilo k 1000 103 deci d 0.1 10-1 centi c 0.01 10-2 milli m 0.001 10-3
1000 g 0.01 g 0.001 g
Conversion
Measurement English to Metric Metric to English Length 1 ‘’ = 2.54 cm 1 m = 39.37 in.
1 yd = 0.9144 m 1 km = 0.6215 mile1 mile = 1.609 km
Mass 1 lb = 453.6 g 1 kg = 2.205 lb1 oz = 28.35 g
Volume 1 gal = 3.785 L 1 L = 1.057 qt1 pt = 946.4 mL1 oz (fluid) = 29.6 mL
1 L = 1000 mL = 1000 cm3
NASA-Mars Polar Lander
Temperature
0 K
-273 OC
EXPERIMENT VI
T[K] = T[oC] + 273
number error unitMeasurements
measuring device
inaccurate reading
multiple measurements
average (statistics)EXPERIMENT VII
Significant Digits
T = 24.3 ºC (3 significant digits)
T = 24.32 ºC (4 significant digits)
0.034 K 3.4 10-2
0.0340 K 3.40 10-2
Summary
1.Compounds & elements
2.SI units and conversion of units
3. errors
4. number of significant digits