chemically resistant fibers
TRANSCRIPT
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PRESENTATIONHigh performance fiber
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SUBMITTED BY :-
Mu hammad Mu ddaser Sharif
° 07-NTU-87
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P resented to : -
SIR UZA IR Sb
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TITLE :-
Section A
´ C hemically Resistant Fibers´ PEEK
´ PP S´ PE I
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INTRODUCTION:-
´ D efinition« C hemically resistant organic polymeric fibers
inclu
de those which are designed to resistchemical attack for acceptable period d u ring there service lives and both ambient andelevated temperat u res
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´ Some chemical resistant fiber
1. Aramids2. Arimids
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STRUCTURE:-
´ These fibers are inert d u e to1. Strong bonding system within the polymeric
backbone2. P resence of no or nonreactive side gro u ps3. D u e to the aliphatic chain hydrogen atoms
increases the tendency of Oxidation so
there presence sho u ld be minim u m
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EFFECT OF OXIDIZING AGENT:-
´ The fiber from polyethylene and
polypropylene have acceptable resistance tomany chemicales at ambient temperat u reb u t resistance decrease when atemperat u re reaches at 5 0 c
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´ E specially when oxidizing agent are
present the chemical resistance of fiber is decreased
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EFFECT OF FUNCTIONAL GROUP:-
´ The polymer backbone sho u ld be free of hydrolysable f u nctional gro u p
1. E ster
2. Amide
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´ The fiber based on aliphatic polyamide andpolyester str u ct u res lack s u fficient chemicald u rability
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FUNCTIONAL GROUP :-
´ The f u nctional gro u p which enhancethechemical resistance or chemical d u rability
1.A
romatic analog u
es2. P oly aramids´ Show greater resistance
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PEEK
´ It is abbreviation of poly
(etheretherketones)
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INTRODUCTION:-
´ It is the foremost member of the family of semicrystalline aromatic thermoplastic polymer
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POLYETHER KETONES (PEKS )
´ It is capable of being formed into an extensiverange of mono filaments and fiber u sing hightemerat u re melt spinning techniq u es
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STRUCTURE :-
´ PEE k has a polymer repeat u nit of one ketoneand two ether gro u ps
´ This provides a linear f
ully aromatic highlystable , str u ct u re containing only carbon ,
hydrogen and oxygen
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PEEKSTRUCTURE
c
On
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HISTORY :-
´ Some experiments were carried o u t in 199 0· s´ It is first man u fact u red and commercialized by
IC
I advance material in the late 1970·
s andearly 19 80· s u nder the brand name VI C TREX PEEK
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´ The amphasis was on injection mo u lding application b u t work by I C I and L EE D Su niversity showed the polymer ·s potentials forprod u cing high specification fiber .
´ Other man u fact u rer introd u ced pilot plantdevelopment of competitive polyether ketonesthro u gh the 19 80· s
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MANUFACTURERS :-
´ M an u fact u rers of polyether ketones are
1. PEKEKK by B ASF
2. PEKK by D u P ont3. PEEKK by Hoechst
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´ Tg (glass -ru bber transition temp)AN D Tm (melting point) of polyether ketone
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Tm °cTg °cpolymer
334143PEEK
36515 0PEEKK
365152PEK
3 8 1170PEKEKK
391165PEKK
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SECTION B
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PEE k fiber P erformance
factors :-
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´ Temperat u re performance´ C hemical inertness
´ Abrasion resistance´ D imensional stability´ P olymer p u rity
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´ Flammability´ P rocess ability
´ Su stainability
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DETAILS :-
´ Temperat u re performance« A contin u es operating temperat u re for many
application of u p[ to 26 0 °c with short ex cu rsionsto 300 °c being possible , and non brittle lowtemp performan ce down to -60 °c
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´ C hemical inertness« It is u naffected by high temp steam and most fl u id
and chemical reagent
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´ Abrasion resistance« It has a to u gh, low friction, low wear , c u t resistant
s u rface and is partic u larly good at resisting abrasion at elevated temp and relatively highs u rface speed.
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´ D imensional stability« It exhibits low creep and low shrinkage especially
below its Tg (143 °c) , it has ex cellent dynami c re covery and flex fatig ue performan ce
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´ P olymer p u rity« are exceptionally p u re, witho u t the need for
stabilising additives, and they have EEC and F D A
approval for medical 26 8 High -performance fibres
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TABLE PROPERTIES OF PEEK
Valu e/parameterP ropertyBeige (thick section)C olo u r
1.3 0Specific gravity
334M elting point,
143Glass transition, T g,
3 0² 35C rystallinity, %
0 .1M oist u re regain, 65% rh 2 0 ° C ,
19 0D ielectric strength, kV/cm
1 0 16Resistivity, ohm -cm1.34Heat capacity, kJ/kg/° C
0 .25Thermal cond u ctivity, W/m/° C
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´ Flammability« fibres are self -exting u ishing with an LOI of 35%
while emitting one of the lowest levels of smokeand toxic gases.
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´ P rocess ability« the room temperat u re physical properties of PEEK
fibres are similar to those of both polyester andnylon, so textile processes s u ch as weaving andbraiding can be conveniently performed
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´ Su stainability« recovery and recycling of PEEK as a material can be
carried o u t u nder certain conditions with little lossof key physical properties.1 8
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FIBRE PRODUCTS
Starting in the early 19 80 s, a n u mber of companies set o u t to prod u ce PEEK fibres of vario u s different types for commercial sale.
Initially, circ u lar cross -section monofilaments inthe diameter range 0 .4 to 1. 0 mm were extr u ded athigh temperat u re, cooled, drawn and relaxed togive lowshrinkage prod u cts with physical
properties in the range0
.3 to0
.4N
/tex tenacityand 3 0 to 4 0 % extension -to -break, with hot -airshrinkages belo 2% at 1 80 ° C .
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´ Finer individ u al monofils and progressivelyfiner m u ltifilament yarns down to 1 00 dtex andfilament finenesses of 3 dtex (2 0 mm) havebeen refined thro u gh the 199 0 s, yielding f u rther improvements in tenacity.
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´ Additionally, a wider range of cross -sectionaltypes, incl u ding rectang u lar and hollowfilaments and an increasing range of colo u rpigmented monofilaments, have becomeavailable for the main monofil diameters ( 0 .2 0 to 1.5 0 mm).
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MANUFACTURER :-
´ ZY EX Limited´ Teijin´ K
osa´ Shakespeare´ Lu xilon
´ Albany International
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FIBRE PROPERTIES
% Strength retainedFibre
Temperat u re3 00 ° C25 0 ° C2 00 ° C15 0 ° C
9 0951 001 00PEEK
07 5951 00m -aramid
M elted09 01 00PP S
melted03 09 0PE T
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PEEK AND OTHER FIBRES EXPOSED FOR 7 DAYS INPRESSURISED STEAM
% Strength retainedFibreTemperat u re
3 0025 02 0015 01 00
80951 001 001 00PEEK
disintegrated09 01 001 00PP S
0009
01
00M -aramid
disintegrated0009 0PE T
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CYCLES TO FAILURE FOR PEEK AND OTHER FIBRESAS THREADS ± THREAD ON THREAD ABRASION AT 120 °C
C ycles to fail u reFibre
9 00PEEK
6 00P A
5 00PE T
25 0M -aramid
5 0PP S
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FIBRE APPLICATIONS
´ Applications relate to ind u strial and technicalend -u ses where a combination of good physicalproperties and inertness to the environmentare essential feat u res:
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PROC ESS CONV EY OR BELTS :
´ The mainstream application for PEEK fibres isin ind u strial conveyor belts that carry prod u ctthro u gh aggressive processing stageseffectively on a contin u ou s basis, in partic u lar,in the man u fact u re of paper or nonwoven fabricprod u cts where pressing, bonding or drying
stages can involve temperat u res u p to 3 00 ° C at line speeds u pto 3 00 m/min
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PR ESS FILTE R S
´ Fine woven screens of PEEK are u sed in framefilters, or slow -moving press filter applicationsfor the prod u ction of board prod u cts or thedewatering of chemical powders. D imensionalstability and the ability to s u rvive many morepress u re cycles than eq u ivalent metal screens
are important here.
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PRO TE C TI V E B R AIDS
´ PEEK braids, made mainly fromcolo u red/pigmented monofils are increasinglyimportant in aerospace, a u tomotive and ind u strialapplications. In partic u lar, the additional chaferesistance and temperat u re stability delivered areideal for electrical wiring looms associated withengine components in aircraft and motor vehicles.In addition, in any enclosed sit u ations where toxic
f u
mes from bu
rning wiring cou
ld pose a threat tolife, PEEK as a cable covering is ideal
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R EI N F ORC ED RU BBE R GASKETS
´ A m u ltifil PEEK scrim fabric is u sed toreinforcesynthetic r u bber gaskets and bellows.The fibre ·s u niq u e combination of good flexfatig u e performance and resistance to thechemical breakdown prod u cts of the r u bber athigh temperat u re greatly extends component
lifetime in specialised applications.
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I N D U ST R IAL B R ISTLES
´ Bru sh bristles u sed for hot -cleaning extr u dersand injection mo u lds are sometimes preferredas PEEK monofils, rather than soft metal wires.
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PRO TE C TI V E C L O THI N G
´ Mu ltifil PEEK sewing threads have fo u nd nichemarkets in ind u strial protective clothing,associated with their chemical inertness. Also,hook and loop fasteners u tilising both monofiland m u ltifil PEEK prod u cts are u sed in q u ick -
release garments in hightemperat u re
environments.
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S POR TS ST R I N GS
´ The possibility of man u fact u ring fibres thatexhibit deformation and rapid recovery fromhigh stress rates has given rise to PEEK ·s u sein u p -market tennis, sq u ash and racq u et ballstring
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M U SI C ST R I N GS
´ The u niq u e tonal q u ality and tension -holding that can be achieved from specified PEEK prod u cts have given rise to their adoption forg u itar, violin and other stringed instr u ments
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THE R M OP LASTI C CO M PO SITES
´ PEEK fibres can also be u sed as a so u rce of the matrix in composites. Intimately mixed withcarbon fibres, PEEK fibres provide an idealfeedstock for the prod u ction of advancedthermoplastic composites. In the press u risedhigh -temperat u re mo u lding
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POLY(ETHER IMIDE), PEI
´ Like PEEK , poly(ether imide) is really anengineering plastic which has fo u nd applicationas fibres in some applications where chemicaland temperat u re resistance are req u ired.Altho u gh its temperat u re resistance isslightlyinferior to that of PEEK , PE I is a cheaper
material.
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MANUFACTURER :-
´ Teijin´ Acordis (formerly Akzo)
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PROPERTIES :-
´ PE I is essentially an amorpho u s polymer whichmay be melt -sp u n to yield fibres having onlymoderate tenacities ( 0 .25 N / Tex)
´ breaking elongations of abo u t 4 0 %.
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´ Fibres can resist temperat u res u p to 19 0 ° C forlong periods and also possess high LOI val u e of 45%
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COMPARISON OF PROPERTIES OF PEI WITH PPS AND PEEKFIBRES33
Tensilestrength, N /tex
LOI, %T max, ° C T m, ° C Fibre
0 .192 -2444 -45170- 19 0215-225PE I
0 .453419 0285PP S
0 .6 0-0 .653526 0- 3 00234PEEK
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CHEMICAL RESISTANCE OF PEIFIBRES
Strength retentionafter 15 00 h at 2 0 ° C , %
C oncentrationC hemical
1 0 11 0 %Hcl
991 0 %HN O3
9510
%H2SO41 0 61 0 %HF
1 0 41 0&C H3 C OOH
1 0 1Sat u ratedN a C l
1 0 4M ineral oil
11 0pH 9Borax
1 0 4pH 1 0(N H4)3 P O4
96pH11N H3
1 07pH 12.5C a(OH)2
84pH 3,5
NaOH