chemical safety & security - chemical spill
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Kedah, Malaysia
30 Apr 4 May 2012y
SAND No. 2009-8395P
Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company,
for the United States Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration
under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. 2
3
The notification and emergency responserocedure for accidents and incidents should be
written and understood by everyone.
A rapid and effective response helps insureinjured persons receive rapid and correctmedical attention and/or that incidents areuickl contained and controlled and that
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effects and damage to people, facilities, theenvironment and the community are minimized.
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First aid kits for minor injuries should be
each laboratory. Use for minor accidents/incidents. Determine if medical attention is necessary. Immediately notify proper authorities, if
necessary or in doubt. Determine if chemical exposure occurred.
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I necessary, ta e imme iate preventativeaction to make lab safe, e.g., shut downreactions, electricity, etc.
Wounds: If bleedin is rofuse a l stead direct ressure over the , ,
wound using a sterile dressing, if possible, or clean cloth.
Keep the wound as clean as possible.
Remove or cut away any clothing covering the wound.
Flush with water to wash out loose dirt and debris.
Do NOT try to remove foreign matter embedded in the wound
If there is an impaled object, Do NOT try to remove it. Efforts to
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.
Control bleeding by direct pressure, but do not applypressure on the impaled object itself or on immediatelyadjacent tissues.
Stabilize the impaled object with a bulky dressing.
Thermal Burns:
Immerse burned area in cold water or apply
cold compresses for 30 minutes
Do NOT attempt to rupture blisters on theburn
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Chemical Burns: Speed is essential. Consult chemical labels & MSDS for special instructions.
Flush burn area immediately with water for 15 minutes. Taking care not to spread the chemical, remove any clothing,
especially shoes and socks, that may be contaminated. Do NOT use salves, ointments, cream, sprays, or any other covering
except for chemical-specific remedies such as for HF or phenol. Do NOT attempt to rupture blisters over the burn.
If chemicals splashed into the eyes: Flush the affected area with water for a minimum of 15 minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present, as rapidly as possible, since they
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prevent water from reaching the cornea. Eyelids may have to be forced open so eyes can be totally flushed. If large particles are in the eye, an eye wash should not be used. Do NOT use salves, ointments, cream, sprays, or any other covering
except for chemical-specific remedies such as for HF or phenol.
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Spill Cleanup PreparationSpill Cleanup Preparation
Emergency Equipment
I t l i ti / l tInternal communication/alarm system
Telephones (Label all phones with emergency numbers)
Alarm pull boxes
- External communication/alarm system
- Fire extinguishers
Emergency eyewash and showers
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- Emergency eyewash and showers
- Spill stations
Spill Cleanup PreparationSpill Cleanup Preparation
Knowledge NeededL ti f l t i l i itLocation of emergency electrical circuit
breakers, shutoff valves, switches,
disconnects for building, area, laboratory,
room, equipment
- Response procedures for personal
d
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injuries/ exposures and emergencies
- Emergency evacuation routes (posted)
Spill Cleanup PreparationSpill Cleanup Preparation
Maintain Current Safety Data SheetsAtt ti tAttention to:
Chemical hazards
First aid informationSpill response
Firefighting information
Engineering controls
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Engineering controls
Stability and reactivity
Proper storage
Disposal considerations
Spill Cleanup PreparationSpill Cleanup Preparation
Maintain complete Spill Kits
Absorbent material Absorbent material Absorbent pillows or powders
Activated carbon for organicsolvents
Neutralizing agents Acid Neutralizers e.g., sodium
bicarbonate (NaHCO
3
) powder
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( CO
3
) p
Base Neutralizers-e.g., citricacid powder
Solvent Spills-activated carbon
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P l P t ti E i t (PPE)
Spill Cleanup PreparationSpill Cleanup Preparation, contd, contd
Spill Kit should also contain:
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)- 2 pairs of chemical splash proof goggles
- Several pair of disposable gloves
- Disposable, charcoal (volatile, aerosol) respirators
- Disposable aprons or jump suits
- Disposable shoe covers (for floor spills)
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Spill Cleanup PreparationSpill Cleanup Preparation
Additional cleanup equipment:- Plastic pail/bucket(s) with lids (large enough tolastic pail/bucket(s) with lids (large enough to
contain spill and cleanup material)
- Plastic dust pan
- Broom or brush
- Plastic bags
- Sealing tape
pH paper
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- pH paper
- Sign(s):
Danger Chemical Spill
Keep Out
SCBA Respirators
Two persons are required to use a SelfContained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)
One person stands-by to rescue/assist the otherin case of a problem
Never rely on a single SCBA
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SCBAs must be well maintained and inspectedweekly if they are part of the safety program
Spill Cleanup Preparationpill Cleanup Preparation
Risk Assessmentisk Assessment
What is the worst thing that could happen if a chemical
(Anticipation)
was dropped/spilled, etc.?
inconvenience
skin burns fire
explosion
chemical exposure ( fatality; injury, permanent, temporary)
K h i f ill
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Know the worst case scenario for a spill.
How you would respond to a spill, emergency situation?
What are the appropriate clean-up and decontamination
procedures?
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Spill Cleanup PreparationSpill Cleanup PreparationRisk AssessmentRisk Assessment
Estimating Potential Hazards (Evaluation)
What are the chemical, physical and toxicological
properties of the chemicals you are using?
What is the amount of chemical?
What are your knowledge and skills?
What are possible locations/conditions of a spill,
id ?
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accident?
Ask for assistance if you are unsure
SpillSpill CleanupCleanupPreventionPrevention
(Control)
Eliminate clutter
Eliminate clutter
Purchase only amount of chemical required
Understand work practices and procedures
Use unbreakable secondary containers
Store chemicals properly
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Dispose of waste /excess chemicals
properly and timely
Laboratory Staff: Ensurin timel s ill re ortin and cleaned u Cleaning up nuisance spills in their area, even if
someone else spills them (janitors, service
people) Knowing the properties of what they work with Taking reasonable steps to prevent spills
Specially trained Safety Cleanup Team:
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Assist researc ers not com orta e c eaning upspills (including nuisance spills)
Clean-up serious/major spills
Nuisance SpillsNuisance Spills
Spills of < 4L of known hazard, that you
are comfortable cleaning upre comfortable cleaning up
Assess the hazard
Wear appropriate PPE
If unsure or need assistancewith PPE selection or
cleanup, call the Safety
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cleanup, call the Safety
Cleanup team.
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Nuisanceuisance Chemical Spillhemical Spill
Cleanup Procedureleanup Procedure
Alert people in immediate area Post area Confine spill Absorb excess, surround area with absorbent material Wear appropriate PPE Avoid breathing aerosols Use forceps, etc., to pickup broken glassware, etc. Work from outer edge toward center to cleanup Do not dry sweep Clean spill area with soap & water, specific solvent or
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Collect contaminated absorbent, gloves, residues in plastic
bag(s) Label, with chemical name if possible, and dispose of waste
properly
Potentially Hazardous SpillsPotentially Hazardous Spills
Spills of > 4L or
Smaller spills of:
Low LD (high acute toxicity)
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- Low LD
50
(high acute toxicity)
- Carcinogens, repro-toxins, etc.
- Flammable liquids or metals
- Chemicals of unknown toxicity or hazards
Potentially Hazardous ChemicalPotentially Hazardous ChemicalSpill Cleanup ProcedureSpill Cleanup Procedure
Attend to injured/contaminated or exposed individuals. Remove persons from the exposure without endangering
ourself.
Alert persons in the immediate area to evacuate. Consider people with disabilities.
If spill is flammable, turn off heat and ignition sources (ifpossible).
Call Emergency Phone Number to report incident. Post areaDanger, Keep Out Hazardous Chemical Spill
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Close doors to affected area. Locate MSDS. Assist Specialized Safety Cleanup personnel if you are
knowledgeable about the spill.
Only trained personnel should do cleanup
Routes of exposure Inhalation
Main hazard
Evaporates releasing hazardous vapors
Skin absorption Personal Protective Equipment Required
Nitrile gloves Safety glasses
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Closed-toed shoes Lab coat
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Preparation is critical.
prevention. All mercury spills, including those
from broken laboratorythermometers and manometers,should be cleaned up immediately.
25
Trays should be used under equipment wheremercury is used.
Mercury beads, splashes, and rolls around.
Prevent mercury from entering cracks, crevices,and drains.
Cease activities.
Secure spill area, contain mercury spill area.
Restrict area until entire s ill is cleaned u .
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Do not walk in spill area. Evacuate room via route away from spill.
Lower room temperature to reduce evaporation.
Spill powders can be used as temporarycontrols: Commercial spill kits are available
Or mix 85 grams of finely powdered sodium
thiosulfate with 15 grams of powdered EDTA
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Cover spill from perimeter toward the center. Remove debris:
Dispose of as hazardous waste and cleanup
material (gloves, towels, etc). All waste should be placed in labeled, sealed,
leak-proof,containers.
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ever spose o mercury was e n sewer sys em.
Special vacuum cleaners designed to pick upmercury safely are available for cleanup.
NEVER sweep up spill or use a regular vacuum.
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A side-arm flask connected to a vacuum pump orsink aspirator can be used to vacuum up smallbeads of mercury.
Pipette
Glass
tube
Vacuum
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Mercury
Trap with Water
Large spills
S ills in confined areas with oorventilation
Spills in areas heated above roomtemperature
Should be cleaned up by trainedpersonnel with protectiveequipment
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There is a risk of high exposure tomercury vapors in thesesituations.
Mercury Spill Cleanup,
n vers ty o scons n a ety cehttp://www.uwm.edu/Dept/EHSRM/LAB/labHg.
html
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SOURCE
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Should be a last resort, but may be necessaryif: engineering controls inadequate or being installed
administrative controls dont do the job
emergency response or spill cleanup
supplement other control techniques if cantachieve required level
De ends u on human behavior proper selection, fit and comfort issues
Hazard is still present with PPE
34
Employees should be trained to know:
When PPE is necessary? What PPE is necessary?
How to properly don, doff,adjust and wear PPE.
Limitations of PPE.roper care, s orage,
maintenance, useful life,and disposal of PPE.
www.free-training.com/osha/ppe/ppemenu.htm
35
Retraining is necessary when there is:
Change in theprocess.
Change in type of PPEused.
Inadequate employee
PPE. retrain to reinforce
understanding or skill
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Personal ProtectivePersonal ProtectiveClothingClothing (PPE)(PPE)
Evaluate task, select appropriatetype and train to use it properly lab coats, gowns, aprons
safety glasses (with side shields),goggles, face shields
gloves
Remove PPE before leaving the lab
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Protective Equipment WorksProtective Equipment Works
It's a hot day, why wear a lab coat?
An experiment reacted unexpectedly and a flammable
solvent from a hood splashed out and landed on the
bottom of the lab coat
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Thousands are blinded eachyear from work-related eyeinjuries.
Nearly three out of fiveworkers are injured whilefailing to wear eye and faceprotection.
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Safety glasses
Goggles
Face shield
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Primary protection:
Eye protection shields eyes by:
Safety glasses with side shieldsprotect from flying objects.
Goggles prevent objects fromentering under or around theeyewear.
Secondary protection:
ace s e s
Combine with safety glasses orgoggles
Do not protect from impacthazards
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Hazard Type Hazard Type Common related tasks
Impact Flying objects such as Chipping, grindi ng, machining ,, ,
particles, sand, and dirt , , ,
drilling, riveting, sanding,
Heat Anything emi tti ng ext remeheat
Furnace operations, pouring, casting,hot dipping, welding,
Chemicals Splash, fumes, vapors,and irritating mists
Acid and ch emical hand ling ,
degreasing, plating, and w orking withblood or OPIMs
Dust Harmful dust Woodworking, buffing, and general
Optical
Radiation
Radiant energy, glare, andintense light
Welding, torch-cutting, brazing,soldering, and laser work
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Biohazardsiohazards
Contaminated blood or bodily fluids may result in transmission through
Use caution anytime you are working with blood or other bodily fluids.
the eyes.
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US regulations 29 CFR 1910.151(c) . -
Types eyewash shower drench hose
Concerns drainage freezing contaminated water
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Eyewash and ShowersEyewash and Showers
Know their locations
Maintenance and testingprogram
Concerns:
drainage
freezing contaminated water
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Eye wash stations
Minimum 1.4 13.2 L/min. .
Flush for 15 minutes
Provide flow for both eyes
Hold eyes open
Tepid, pH match eye (preferred)
Easily accessible locations
84-114 cm (33 to 45 in.) from floor
.
Test weekly
Portable: clean/refill (6 mo 2 yrs)
Various types
ANSI Z358.1 NC DOL Guide:www.nclabor.com/osha/etta/indguide/ig28.pdf
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Within 17 m (55 ft.) or 10 seconds Normal walking = 6.1 km/hr (3.8 mph)
Test monthly
Pull within reach (highly visible) 208 244 cm high (82 to 96 in.) Deliver 51 cm (20 in.) column Height: 152 cm (60 in.) above floor
76-114 L/min (2030 gal/min)
Tepid: 16 38oC (60 to 100 F)
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Safety Shower Standardsafety Shower Standards
contont.
Consider:onsider:
Drains
Blankets/modesty curtains
Avoid or protect electrical outlets
ANSI Z358.1-2004
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Glove considerations ype g ove
Dexterity required
Chemical & physical material
strength
Exposure time breakthrough time
Size, comfort, reusable/disposable
Manufacturer selection charts
51
Considerations: v
Thermal (extreme heat/cold)
Abrasion; cuts; snags; splinters;punctures
Grip: oily, wet, dry
Comfort, fit, size
Ergonomics
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Permeation (silent killer) Substances pass through intact material
. Penetration
Substances pass through seams,zippers, stitches, pinholes, or damagedmaterial.
Degradation Substance damages material making it
less resist or resulting in physicalbreakdown. Contamination
Substances transferred inside material(improper doffing or decontamination).
53
Permeation Rate
(PR)
Permeation
Breakthrough (PB)
Permeation Degradation rate
(DR)
E- Excellent; permeation rate of
less than 0.9 mg/cm2/min
>Greater than
time - minutes
E - Excellent; fluid has very little
degrading effect.
VG - Very Good; permeation
rate of less than 9 mg/cm2/min
< Less than
(time - minutes)
G - Good; fluid has minor
degrading effect.
G - Good; permeation rate of
less than 90 mg/cm2/min
F - Fair; fluid has moderate
degrading effect.
F - Fair; permeation rate of less
than 900 mg/cm2/min
P - Poor; fluid has pronounced
degrading effect.
P - Poor; permeation rate of less NR - Fluid is not recommended
than 9000 mg/cm2/min with this material.
NR - Not recommended;
permeation rate greater than
9000 mg/cm2/min
Not tested, but breakthrough
time > 480 min DR expected to be
Good to Excellent
Not tested, but expected to be
Good to Excellent based on
similar tested materials54
GlovesGloves
Its important to have the right glove for theg gjob and know how long it will last.
Glove Chart Examples:
Consider several glove manufactures databefore final selectionefore final selection.
www.bestglove.com/site/chemrest/
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Gloves
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Polyethylene/Ethylene-vinyl Alcohol
{Silver Shield}
Resists permeation and breakthroughwith chemicals.
Uses: aromatics, esters, ketones, andchlorines.
Butyl
Highest permeation resistance to
gas or water vapors. Uses: ketones (MEK, acetone) and
esters (amyl acetate, ethyl acetate).
57
Viton
Highly resistant to permeation bychlorinated and aromatic solvents
Can be used with water/water basedsolvents
Nitrile (acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber)
Good replacement for latex
Protects against acids, bases, oils,
esters, grease, fats
Resists cuts, snags, punctures andabrasions
58
Neoprene
, , .
Resists amines, alcohols, glycols.
Limited use for aldehydesand ketones.
Poly vinyl chloride (PVC)
Protects against acids, caustics.
Resists alcohols, glycols.
Not useful for aromatics, aldehydesand ketones.
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Natural rubber latex is from the rubber tree.
The major route of occupational exposure isabsorption of latex protein through the skin.
Allergens in or on gloves can be transferred to .
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Symptoms may occur within minutes of exposure
individual. Skin Redness
Hives
Itching
Respiratory Symptoms
unny ose
Itchy Eyes
Scratchy Throat
Asthma
61
Latex AllergyLatex Allergy
62
To prevent latex allergies consider: Using non-latex gloves.
If you choose latex gloves, use the powder-free
version. When using gloves, do not use oil-based hand
cream or lotions (these cause glove deterioration).
Recognize the symptoms of latex allergy.
Always wash hands after removing gloves.
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/latex/
http://www.nursingworld.org/osh/latex.htm
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Proper Steps forProper Steps forRemovingRemoving GlovesGloves
1 2 3
4 5 6
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Respiratory ProtectionRespiratory ProtectionProgramProgram
Written program
Administered by Safety Officedministered by Safety Office
Medical clearance
Respiratory ProtectionQuestionnaire
No beards
Fit testing
Respirator selection Air monitoring
Training (annual refresher)
65
Air purifying (APR) Half Face
Full Face
PAPR
Air supply Air line
SCBA
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Must have at least 19.5% oxygen.
Never use in O2 deficient atmospheres
Only filters the air.
- Particulate filters
Removes aerosols- Chemical cartridges or canisters
Remove gases and vapors
filter/cartridge.
PAPR (Powered Air Purifying Respirator)
Uses a blower to force air through an airpurifying element
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Specific gases or vapors
NIOSH or MSHA approval
Adequate warning properties
End of service life
Mechanisms adsorption
absorption
Breakthrough times
Proper maintenance andstorage
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Cartridge Description
Organic Vapor
Organic Vapor and acid gases
Ammonia, methylamine andP100 any particulates fi lter
99.97% minimum filter efficiency
69 70
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Positive / Negative pressure fit test
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Supplies breathing air to employee
Examples:
SCBA
Airline
Grade D Air
Limitations
73
Disposable filtering face-piece: Dis ose after use
Half-mask: Write expiration date (current date +estimate)
making sure to keep entire label legible
Discard cartridges based on expiration date, end-of-service life indicator or calculated service life
Dry
Place in sealable bag (write your name on bag)
Contact Safety Office for repairs
74
Hazardous chemicals.
Potentially infectious
materials.
Intense heat.
Splashes of hot metals and hot liquids.
75
Should meet or exceed ANSI Standard.Types:
Impact,penetration, compression, steel toe, etc.
Non-skid, with slip resistant soles.
Chemical resistant (rubber, vinyl, plastic, with syntheticstitching to resist chemical penetration).
Anti-static
Temperature resistant (high or low extremes).
- - .
Water resistant
Combination shoes
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Steel toe-safety shoes are not necessary for
from transporting or handling heavy objects.
However,
open toe shoes
7777
s ou e worn n a s.
Should meet or exceed Z89.1-2003
Bump caps - dont meet ANSI standard, provideminor protection
Electrical protection 2200-22,000 v, depends onclass)
Mining protection-- .
Impact 386 454 kg (850-1000 pounds) Penetration ~1cm (3/8)
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Breakreak
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Nonhazardous wasteGeneral guidelines Storage
General guidelines- Storage -Packaging
Special categoriesMetal waste
Radioactive and mixed waste
Biological waste
8282
Biological waste
Unknown and orphan waste
Treat on-site
Used oil (uncontaminated) is not consideredhazardous waste. Label Containers "USED OIL", not
"hazardous waste."
Uncontaminated PPE (gloves, wipes)
Triply rinsed glassware (bottles, droppers, pipettes)
Salts (KCl, NaCl, Na2
CO
3
)
8383
Sugars - Amino acids
Inert materials (uncontaminated resins and gels)
Secure and lock waste storage area
Post si ns to warn others Keep area well ventilated
Provide fire extinguishers and
alarms, spill kits Provide suitable PPE
Provide eye wash, safety showers Do not work alone
8484
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Insure against leakage; dyke area ifpossible
Label all chemicals, containers, vials
Separate incompatible chemicals
Keep gas cylinders separate
Keep radioactive material separate
8585
Provide for timely pick-up
Container should not react with the wastebeing stored (e.g. no hydrofluoric acid in
glass)lass).
Similar wastes may be mixed if they arecompatible
Whenever possible, w stes fromincomp tible h z rd cl sses should not be
mixed (e.g. organic solvents with oxidizers).
Containers must be kept closed exceptduring actual transfers. Do not leave a
8686
g
funnel in a hazardous waste container. Chemical containers that have been triple-rinsed and air-dried in a ventilated area can
be placed in the trash or recycled.
Certain metals cause disposal
problems when mixed with flammable
liquids or other organic liquids
Pressure can build up in a waste vessel
Corrosion can occur in storage vessel
8787
Secondary containment is necessary
Glass waste containers can break
8888
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89
Before moving to new job meet with new lab occupant
This can be a new employee or new studenthis can be a new employee or new studentLabel all chemicals and samples carefullyMake notations in common lab book
Dispose of all unneeded or excess chemicals
Put into chemical exchange programDispose of as hazardous waste
9090
p
Do not leave any chemicals behind except by agreement
Recycle, reuse, redistill, if
Dispose by incineration,if possible
Incineration is NOT thesame as open burning
9191
Emissions from incinerationEmissions from incinerationvs. open burningvs. open burning
Burn
(g/kg)
Waste
Incinerator
(g/kg)PCDDs 38 0.002
PCDFs 6 0.002
Chlorobenzenes 424150 1.2
9292
PAHs 66035 17
VOCs 4277500 1.2
Source: EPA/600/SR-97/134 March 1998
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Lab packs consists of
small containers of
LabLab wastes are packagedwastes are packagedinin small containerssmall containers
compatible waste, packed
in absorbent materials.
Lab packs
segregated at
9393
segregated at
hazardous
waste facility
Is disposal service
How will waste betransported?
How will waste bepackaged?
Where will material bedisposed?
9494
How will it be disposed? Maintain writtenrecords
Hazardous waste
Lead acid (Pb) - recycle (90% car batteries)ead acid (Pb) recycle (90% car batteries) Sealed lead (Pb) - recycle Mercury-oxide (HgO) button, silver-oxide
(AgO) button - recycled by jewelers
Nickel Cadmium (NiCd) recycle
Nonhazardous waste
Nickel Metal Hydride (Ni MH) recycle
9595
Nickel Metal Hydride (Ni-MH) recycle Carbon zinc Alkaline Zinc-air button
Collect pure liquid mercury in a sealablecontainer. Label as "MERCURY FOR
RECLAMATION"ECLAMATION
Place broken thermometers and mercurydebris in a sturdy sealable plastic bag,
plastic or glass jar. Label the container
"Hazardous Waste - MERCURY SPILL
DEBRIS".
Never use a regular vacuum to clean up amercury spill - contaminates vacuum heat
9696
mercury spill contaminates vacuum, heat
evaporates the mercury
Never use a broom to clean up mercury spreads smaller beads - contaminates the
broom.
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These wastes must be minimized - heavilyregulated
Universities, hospitalsLow level radioactive with chemical
Scintillation cocktails
Gel electrophoresis waste
Nuclear ener research
9797
Low and high level radioactive with chemicalLead contaminated with radioactivity
Medical wastes oo an ssue
Sharps needles, scalpels
Contaminated glassware, ppe
Autoclave or sterilize Bleach incompatible with
autoclave
9898
Do not autoclave flammableliquids
Incinerate
Medical wastes
minimize handling risk Let short-lived isotopes decay and
then use sanitary sewer Refrigerated storage for putrescible
waste (carcasses- tissue) Autoclave or disinfect labware and
9999
treat as ow eve ra ioactive On-site incineration of low level rad
waste if allowed (sharps as well)
Unknown orphan wasteUnknown orphan waste
Avoid if at all possible - requires
analysis before disposal
re-screen:Are crystals present ? (potential peroxideformation)Radioactive (Geiger counter)Bio waste? (interview history)
Screen:
100100
Prepare for the worst: wear gloves,goggles, use hoodCheck for: Air reactivity, Water reactivity,Flammability, Corrosivity
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Unknown wasteUnknown wastecharacterization*characterization*
Physical description - Water reactivity - Water solubility
pH and neutralization information
Presence of:
Oxidizer
Sulfides or cyanides
Halogens
Radioactive materials
101101
Biohazards
Toxics
*Prudent Practices in the Laboratory: Handling and Disposal of Chemicals,
National Academy Press, 1995 Section 7.B.1
If legally allowed:
Deactivate & neutralizesome liquid wastesyourselfe.g., acids & bases
Dont corrode drain pipes
Dilute with lots of waterwhile pouring down thedrain
102102
Be sure that you do notform more hazardoussubstancesCheck reference books,
scientific literature, internet
103
Recycling by redistribution
R li f t lecycling of metals
Gold-mercurylead- silver
Recycling of solvents
Clean for reuse-rotovap
Distill for purity
104104
Distill for purity
Recycling of oil
Recycling of E-waste
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Chemical recyclingChemical recycling
Reuse by others in the organization or community
An active chemical exchange program
Beware of accepting unusable chemicals
Reuse in experiments in the laboratory
Exchange for credit with suppliers by agreement
105105
Exchange for credit with suppliers by agreement
What shouldWhat should notot be recycledbe recycled
Gas cylinders past their pressure testing date
Used disposable pipettes and syringes
Chemicals and assay kits past their expiration
Obviously degraded chemicals
106106
Used tubing, gloves and wipes
Others?
What should be recycledWhat should be recycledoror redistributed?redistributed?
Excess unopened chemicals
Excess laboratory glassware (unused or clean)
Consumables with no expiration
Solvent that can be purified
Lower purity suitable for secondary use?
Precious or toxic metals
107107
Precious or toxic metals
Hg, Ag, Pt, Pd, Au, Os, Ir, Rh, Ru
Others?
Chemical RecyclingChemical Recycling PreciousPrecious MetalMetal
For reuse in lab or for exchange
Requires chemical knowledge for labreuse
Recover from solution - evaporate thenIgnite (Au, Pd, Pt)
Reduce with NaBH4
for metal powder or by
electroless plating (Pt, Au, Pd, Ag, Rh).
108108
electroless plating (Pt, Au, Pd, Ag, Rh).
Electroplate
Metal recovery Ion exchange-then ash
Source : Handbook of Laboratory Waste Disposal, Pitt &Pitt, John Wiley, 1986
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Chemical RecyclingChemical Recycling -- SilverSilver
Recovery from chemical oxygen
demand (COD) test
Acidification and ppt as AgCl
Recovery from photographic fixing
solution
Precipitate as sulfide
Precipitate with TMT (trimercapto-s-triazine)
Electrolysis (terminal and in-line)
109109
Metal replacement (iron containing cartridges)
Ion exchange
Many companies will buy the recovered
silver
Chemical RecyclingChemical Recycling -- MercuryMercury
Mercury can be recoveredfor subsequent lab use or
for recycle by vendor
Remove particulates andmoisture by allowing slow
drip through a hole in a
110110
drip through a hole in a
conical filter paper
Never distill Hg on-site
Boiling point must be widelydifferent
Azeotropes may prevent
separation
Sometimes hazards are created
111111
Some solvents do not needcomplete separation
Hardware for separation
Solvent recycling requires care and
organization
K l dKeep solvents segregatedprior to separation (single
product solvent)
No unnecessary dirt due tocareless handling
Requires good labelingA small amount of the wrong
112112
A small amount of the wrongchemical can ruin a desired
separation
Care must be taken not toconcentrate peroxides
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Solvent recycling requires care and
organization
Try other purification methods before distillationConvert to precipitateConvert to water solubleUse an adsorbent
Need BP difference of > 10CCan form azeotrope*
h l ( )
113113
water / ethanol (100C/ 78.3C)
cyclohexane / isobutanol (81C / 108C)Mixture of 4 solvents not practicalDistillation can be incorporated into curriculum
* Consult CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics for list of azeotropes
Rotovap can be used to pretreat
Toxic material may be keptfrom the distillation
May be sufficient if purity isnot crucial
114114
Separation of solvent fromsolids
Individual Substances
Accidents have been reported for these distillations
Individual Substances
Di-isopropyl ether (isopropyl alcohol)Nitromethane
TetrahydrofuranVinylidene chloride (1,1 dichloroethylene)
Mixtures
115115
Chloroform + acetoneAny ether + any ketoneIsopropyl alcohol + any ketoneAny nitro compound + any amine
Hexane contaminated with small amount ofinert solvent used in prep lab
Chemistry students given a finite quantity ofsolvent, then had to recycle for subsequent
experiments
Acetone 50% in water for washing. Azeotropeis 88.5% which is then diluted back with water
for reuse
Use rotovap recovery rather than evaporation
116116
Use rotovap recovery rather than evaporation.Student will redistill; 60% recovery.
Third wash was captured and used as firstwash on next experiment
Source : Handbook of Laboratory Waste Disposal, 1986.Marion Pitt and Eva Pitt, John Wiley and Sons, ISBN 85312-634-8
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Solvent recyclingolvent recycling
Automated systems help with large needs
HPLC Solvent Recycling
GPC Solvent Recycling
Environmental Laboratory Solvent
Recycling
Freon Solvent Recycling
117117
Histology Laboratory Solvent Recycling
General Lab Solvent Recycling Services
Can also be Purchased
Pictures from B/R Instruments: http://www.brinstrument.com/
Evaporation if not excessive
Roto evaporation for recoveryDo not evaporate corrosives orradioactives
Only in laboratory hoodBeware toxics and flammables
Adsorption
Activated carbon
118118
Activated carbon
Ion exchange resinActivated alumina
Precipitation - Extraction
Handbook of Laboratory Waste Disposal, Martin Pitt and Eva Pitt, 1986. ISBN 0-85312-634-8
Requires chemical expertise - may not be
allowed by regulations - specific to eachllowed by regulations specific to each
chemical
Dilution to reduce hazard
H2O2, HClO4, HNO3 Never add water to concentrated acid
Neutralization acid base -gentle
Hydrolysis (acid and base)
119119
y y ( )
Active halogen compounds with NaOH
Carboxamides with HCl
Oxidation-reduction
Handbook of Laboratory Waste Disposal, Martin Pitt and Eva Pitt, 1986. ISBN 0-85312-634-8
References:
Procedures for the Laboratory-Scale Treatment ofurp us an as e em ca s, ec on . n ru en
Practices in the Laboratory: Handling and Disposal ofChemicals, National Academy Press, 1995, availableonline:
http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=4911 Destruction of Hazardous Chemicals in the Laboratory,
2nd Edition, George Lunn and Eric B. Sansone, WileyInterscience, 1994, ISBN 978-0471573999.
120120
azar ous a ora ory em ca s sposa u e, rEdition, Margaret-Ann Armour, CRC Press, 2003, ISBN978-1566705677
Handbook of Laboratory Waste Disposal, Martin Pittand Eva Pitt, 1986. ISBN 0-85312-634-8
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Lab Assessment Exercise
Part 5: Lab AssessmentPreparation for Presentations
122
LunchLunch