CHEMICAL SAFETYCHEMICAL SAFETYIN SCHOOLSIN SCHOOLSa perspectivea perspective

Hazardous Chemical IncidentHazardous Chemical Incident Methylisocyanate (MIC) Methylisocyanate (MIC)

incident at Bhopal, Indiaincident at Bhopal, India

3,300 people killed 3,300 people killed immediately; 16,000 after ten immediately; 16,000 after ten yearsyears

40 tons of MIC released that 40 tons of MIC released that covered 20 Kmcovered 20 Km22

Over 500,000 people suffered Over 500,000 people suffered effects of gaseffects of gas

Ground water hazard for ten Ground water hazard for ten yearsyears

Hazardous ChemicalsHazardous Chemicals

Physical HazardsPhysical Hazards ExplosivesExplosives Compressed gasesCompressed gases Flammable and Flammable and

combustible liquidscombustible liquids Flammable solidsFlammable solids OxidizersOxidizers PoisonsPoisons RadioactiveRadioactive CorrosivesCorrosives

Health HazardsHealth Hazards AsphyxiantAsphyxiant CarcinogenCarcinogen IrritantIrritant CorrosiveCorrosive SensitizerSensitizer Toxic AgentToxic Agent

Any chemical (solid, liquid, gas) that can cause harm to people and their surroundings

Hazardous ChemicalsHazardous Chemicals

Commercial hazardous Commercial hazardous chemicalschemicals

Household hazardous Household hazardous chemicalschemicals

Hazardous materials Hazardous materials locationslocations

Typical Hazardous Chemical Typical Hazardous Chemical LocationsLocations

Chemical plantsChemical plants WarehousesWarehouses Tank farmsTank farms Truck, shipping, airline terminalsTruck, shipping, airline terminals Weapons depotsWeapons depots HospitalsHospitals LaboratoriesLaboratories Truck, shipping, airline terminalsTruck, shipping, airline terminals Nuclear plantsNuclear plants Maintenance facilitiesMaintenance facilities

Type of Hazardous ChemicalsType of Hazardous Chemicals SolidSolid

– Arsenic, Cyanide, Pesticides, Arsenic, Cyanide, Pesticides, Pyrophorics, ExplosivesPyrophorics, Explosives

LiquidLiquid– Acid, Caustics, Flammables, Solvents, Acid, Caustics, Flammables, Solvents,

Organic Toxins, Pesticides, MedicinesOrganic Toxins, Pesticides, Medicines

GasGas– CO, Chlorine, Phosgene, AmmoniaCO, Chlorine, Phosgene, Ammonia

Solid ChemicalsSolid Chemicals––HazardsHazards Entry: ingestion, skin, inhalationEntry: ingestion, skin, inhalation

Often highly concentratedOften highly concentrated

Generally immobileGenerally immobile

Usually requires secondary carrierUsually requires secondary carrier– WaterWater

– FireFire

– ExplosionExplosion

Liquid ChemicalsLiquid Chemicals––HazardsHazards Entry: skin, ingestion, injectionEntry: skin, ingestion, injection Often concentratedOften concentrated Mobile and often water solubleMobile and often water soluble Can form toxic vaporsCan form toxic vapors Can use secondary carrierCan use secondary carrier

– Food and waterFood and water

– FireFire

– ExplosionExplosion

Toxic GasesToxic Gases––HazardsHazards

Entry: respiratory, eyes, skin, ingestionEntry: respiratory, eyes, skin, ingestion

Rapid route into the bodyRapid route into the body

Very mobileVery mobile Can be produced by a liquid or Can be produced by a liquid or

solid, or compressed formsolid, or compressed form

Deceptive and quickDeceptive and quick

Effects of Hazardous ChemicalsEffects of Hazardous Chemicals

Any substance that can Any substance that can result in harmful result in harmful effectseffects– Immediate (acute)Immediate (acute)

– Delayed (minutes or Delayed (minutes or hours)hours)

– Long Term (chronic)Long Term (chronic)

– Temporary effectsTemporary effects

– Permanent effectsPermanent effects

Toxic Chemical Routes of EntryToxic Chemical Routes of Entry

Eyes

Respiratory tract

Skin

Ingestion

Injection

Intensity of EffectsIntensity of Effects

Varies byVaries by– Type of chemicalType of chemical– Exposure (time X amount)Exposure (time X amount)– Physical healthPhysical health– AgeAge– Weather (wind, temperature, rain)Weather (wind, temperature, rain)

SymptomsSymptoms CoughingCoughing

Constricted pupils, red teary eyesConstricted pupils, red teary eyes

Bleeding or hemorrhagingBleeding or hemorrhaging

Strong or unusual smellStrong or unusual smell

Strange behaviorStrange behavior

ConvulsionsConvulsions

UnconsciousnessUnconsciousness

SymptomsSymptoms

Difficulty breathingDifficulty breathing Blurred visionBlurred vision Runny eyes and noseRunny eyes and nose Slurred speech, disorientationSlurred speech, disorientation Skin irritationSkin irritation NauseaNausea Sudden headacheSudden headache WeaknessWeakness If you experience these

symptoms, seek medical attention immediately

SAFETY IN CHEMISTRYSAFETY IN CHEMISTRY

ActivityActivity -- GeneralGeneralHazardsHazards --PrecautionsPrecautions -- -- All school laboratories All school laboratories

should have the following; should have the following; laboratory hood if toxic, volatile laboratory hood if toxic, volatile chemicals are used; eyewash chemicals are used; eyewash fountains, emergency showers fountains, emergency showers (if concentrated acids, bases or (if concentrated acids, bases or other corrosive chemicals are other corrosive chemicals are

present); first aid kits, proper present); first aid kits, proper fire fire extinguishers; protective extinguishers; protective

goggles, gloves and lab coats, goggles, gloves and lab coats, proper disposal receptacles proper disposal receptacles

and and procedures; spill control kit. procedures; spill control kit. Avoid carcinogens, mutagens Avoid carcinogens, mutagens and highly toxic chemicals and highly toxic chemicals

like like mercury, lead, cadmium, mercury, lead, cadmium, chlorine chlorine gas, etc.gas, etc.

ActivityActivity -- Organic ChemistryOrganic Chemistry

HazardsHazards -- SolventsSolvents

Precautions-Precautions- Use only in laboratory hoodUse only in laboratory hoodUse least toxic solventsUse least toxic solventsDo semi-micro or microscaleDo semi-micro or microscaleexperiments.experiments.

ActivityActivity -- Organic ChemistryOrganic Chemistry

HazardHazard -- Peroxides and explosivesPeroxides and explosives

PrecautionsPrecautions -- Do not use explosive orDo not use explosive or

Chemicals such as etherChemicals such as ether

which can form explosivewhich can form explosive

peroxides.peroxides.

ActivityActivity -- Inorganic ChemistryInorganic Chemistry

HazardsHazards -- Acids and BasesAcids and Bases

PrecautionsPrecautions -- Avoid concentrated Avoid concentrated acids and bases whenacids and bases when

possiblepossible

ActivityActivity -- Analytical ChemistryAnalytical Chemistry

HazardsHazards -- Hydrogen sulphideHydrogen sulphide

PrecautionsPrecautions -- Do not use hydrogenDo not use hydrogen

sulphide.sulphide. Use Use substitutessubstitutes

ActivityActivity -- StorageStorage

HazardsHazards -- Incompatibilities Incompatibilities

Precautions-Precautions- Avoid alphabetical storage, Avoid alphabetical storage,

which can place incompatiblewhich can place incompatible

chemicals in close proximitychemicals in close proximity

Store chemicals by Store chemicals by compatible groups.compatible groups.

Seven Personal Protective Seven Personal Protective Equipment CategoriesEquipment Categories

1.1. Eyes Eyes

2.2. EarsEars

3.3. HeadHead

4.4. Respiratory systemRespiratory system

5.5. HandsHands

6.6. Feet Feet

7.7. Whole bodyWhole body

Eye Protection PPEEye Protection PPE Safety glasses, safety goggles, face shields, Safety glasses, safety goggles, face shields,

welding helmets and full-face respirators welding helmets and full-face respirators – Physical hazards: Fire, heat/cold, explosions, Physical hazards: Fire, heat/cold, explosions,

punctures, lacerations, abrasions and the absorption punctures, lacerations, abrasions and the absorption of chemicalsof chemicals

– Health hazards: Acute and chronic health effects Health hazards: Acute and chronic health effects ranging from immediate blindness to a delayed ranging from immediate blindness to a delayed infection of the eyesinfection of the eyes

Respiratory Protection PPERespiratory Protection PPE Air purifying respirators (APRs), supplied-air Air purifying respirators (APRs), supplied-air

respirators (SARs) & oxygen breathing respirators (SARs) & oxygen breathing apparatus (OBAs)apparatus (OBAs)– Physical hazards: Dusts, mists, fumes, gases, and Physical hazards: Dusts, mists, fumes, gases, and

extreme heat and cold extreme heat and cold – Health hazards: Biological agents, lack of oxygen, Health hazards: Biological agents, lack of oxygen,

toxic and flammable materials toxic and flammable materials

Hand Protection PPEHand Protection PPE Gloves can provide protection from:Gloves can provide protection from:

– Physical hazards: Heat, cold, punctures, lacerations, Physical hazards: Heat, cold, punctures, lacerations, and burnsand burns

– Health hazards: Acute or chronic disease caused by Health hazards: Acute or chronic disease caused by chemical or biological material being absorbed chemical or biological material being absorbed through, or entering through openings in the skin of through, or entering through openings in the skin of the handsthe hands

Whole Body Protective Whole Body Protective ClothingClothing

The three body protective clothing for The three body protective clothing for Chemicals is classified into protectiveChemicals is classified into protective

Levels A, B, C & DLevels A, B, C & D

Did you Know?Did you Know? An improvised mask made by soaking a clean An improvised mask made by soaking a clean

cloth in a solution of one table spoon of baking cloth in a solution of one table spoon of baking soda in a cup of water can provide some soda in a cup of water can provide some protection against chemical & biological protection against chemical & biological agents. agents.

Covering all parts of body will protect against Covering all parts of body will protect against contact hazards. contact hazards.

The EndThe End