chemical & process technology_ definition of terms related to pressure

7/22/2019 Chemical & Process Technology_ Definition of Terms Related to PRESSURE

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Definition of Terms Related to PRESSURE

Thursday, November 13, 2008

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A simple question always asked and debated by many engineers. What is the differentbetween the following terms ?

Maximum Allowable Working Pressure (MAWP)Design Pressure (PD)Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure (MAOP)Maximum Operating Pressure (PO,Max)Normal Operating Pressure (PO)Minimum Operating Pressure (PO,Min)Minimum Allowable Operating Pressure (MinAOP)

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A mechanical engineer may have different understanding than a

process engineer. A process engineer from an organization may

have slightly different understanding than a process engineer

from another organization. A process engineer educated and/or

practising engineering in a country i.e China may have different

interpretation than another process engineer educated and / or

practising engineering in another country i.e. USA, UK, etc. This

always creates a lot of confusion, unnecessary argument and

rework. In worst event could lead to hazard. Thus, first far most important thing is to

define correctly the meaning of each terms so that everyone have same understanding.

Following are the simple definition of above mentioned terms. Whenever a post

contains one or more of these terms, the following shall be referred.

Normal Operating Pressure (PO) - System pressure as expected to be operated at

duringnormal operation throughout the design life of the sy stem.

Maximum Operating Pressure (PO, Max) - Maximum system pressure as expected

during normal operation, may occur in some process transient period or different

operating mode or campaigns and it built into the design to cater for any uncertainties

due to start-up, fouled, decayed, etc. It provides some level of flexibility for a proper

operation of the system throughout the entire life of the system.

Minimum Operating Pressure (PO, Min) - Minimum system pressure as expected

during normal operation, may occur in some process transient period or different

operating mode or campaigns and it built into the design to cater for any uncertainties

due to start-up, fouled, decayed, etc. It provides some level of flexibility for a proper

operation of the system throughout the entire life of the system.

Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure (MAOP)- Maximum system pressure

that can be allowed to ensure a proper operation of an a device or sy stem .

Minimum Allowable Operating Pressure (MinAOP) - Minimum system pressure

that can be allowed to ensure a proper operation of an a device or sy stem .

Design Pressure (PD) - A pressure chosen / specified (normally chosen by process

engineer) to have certain margin (i.e. 10%) above the PO,Max (or MAOP). It is a

maximum pressure in the system that :

- is NOT expected during normal operation

- may only occur during emergency situation such as fire, loss of utilities, valve

failure, any abnormal operation corresponding to a short duration, mal-operation, etc

Design pressure becomes MINIMUM pressure that can be hold by any components

within the system without mechanical failure. It is used to define the minimum

MAWP of components within the system. For example, design pressure is used to

calculate minimum vessel wall thickness.

Maximum Allowable Working Pressure (MAWP)- A maximum gauge pressure

permissible by a equipment / device (at coincident temperature specified for that

pressure) and is governed by code i.e. ASME, J IS, GB, etc

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MinAOP


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