chemical interactions. investigation #1 elements
TRANSCRIPT
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Chemical InteractionsChemical Interactions
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Investigation #1Investigation #1
Elements
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Part 1Part 1
The Periodic Table
Big Idea #1
• An element is a basic substance that cannot be broken into simpler substances during chemical interactions.
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Big Idea #2
• There are 90 naturally occurring elements on Earth.
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Big Idea #3
• Elements combine to make all the substances on Earth.
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Big Idea #4
• The periodic table of the elements is a chart that displays all of the naturally occurring and synthesized (man made) elements.
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Big Idea #5
• The abundance of elements varies with location in the universe.
--- not the same amount everywhere you go.
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THE ATOMTHE ATOM
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ATOMIC ANATOMYATOMIC ANATOMY
• The simplest atom is made up of the following parts:
an electron cloud -- a nucleus – a proton –
a neutron -- an electron
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ProtonsProtons
• Protons are located in the nucleus.
• Protons have a positive charge.
• Protons give an element its identity.
• The number of protons will not change.
• The number of protons is equal to the atomic number.
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NeutronsNeutrons
• Neutrons are located in the nucleus.
• Neutrons have a neutral (no) charge.
• The number of neutrons in any element may change, this is called an ISOTOPE.
• Neutrons have the same mass as a proton.
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ElectronsElectrons
• Electrons are located in the electron cloud.
• Electrons have a negative charge.
• Electrons are very energetic (they move a lot)
• Electrons have almost zero measurable mass.
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Other notes…Other notes…
• The total number of protons equals the atomic number of an element.
• The total number of protons plus the total number of neutrons equals the atomic mass number of an element.
------------think about this carefully ?????
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MetalsMetals
• Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity.
• Metals are shiny with high melting points.
• Metals are ductile; they can be pulled into thin wires.
• Metals are malleable; they can be hammered into thin sheets.
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NonmetalsNonmetals
• Poor conductors of heat and electricity.
• Usually have dull surfaces and low melting points.
• The solids are brittle; they break easily.
• Some gases, oxygen for example, are also considered nonmetals.
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MetalloidsMetalloids
• Some elements do not fit easily into the metal or nonmetal category. Weird? Where do they belong?
--- Metalloids have some metallic properties and some nonmetallic properties. (may conduct heat but not that well)
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HalogensHalogens
• Strongly nonmetallic elements.
• The most active nonmetals.
• Combine with metals to form salt compounds.
--- Example…..Chlorine gas (Halogen) combines with Sodium (metal) to form common table salt.
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Noble GassesNoble Gasses
• All 6 members of this group are colorless gasses.
• These gases are the most nonreactive elements.
• All 6 are found in the atmosphere of Earth.
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Rare Earth ElementsRare Earth Elements
• Lanthanoid Series – very shiny
soft malleable metals
very conductive
Actinoid Series – radioactive (unstable)
synthetic (made in lab)
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Investigation #2Investigation #2
Substances
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Part 1Part 1
Mystery Mixture
Big Idea #1
• A substance is a form of matter with a
unique composition and distinct properties.
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Big Idea #2Big Idea #2
• A mixture is made when two or more substances physically (not chemically) combine.
- salad
- saltwater
- Gatorade
- peas and carrots
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Part 2Part 2
Mixing Substances
Big Idea # 1
• Chemical names communicate information about the composition of substances.
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Big Idea #2
• Chemical formulas communicate the composition of substances.
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Big Idea #3
• A chemical reaction occurs when substances interact to form new substances (products).
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Big Idea #4
• A chemical reaction provides evidence that starting substances change into new, different substances.
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NotesNotes
• A substance is a form of matter.
• There are millions of different substances on Earth.
• Each substance is different from every other substance.
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Mystery Mixture AnalysisMystery Mixture Analysis
• Which combinations of two substances resulted in fizzing? List all.
• Which two substances do you think make up the mystery mixture?
• What evidence do you have to support your conclusion?
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Chemical ReactionChemical Reaction
• The process by which one or more substances may be transformed into one or more new substances.
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Signals of a Chemical ReactionSignals of a Chemical Reaction
• Production of a gas. (bubbling/fizzing)
• Formation of a solid. (precipitate)
• Change in color.
• Production of heat and/or light.