Chemical Chemical CompoundsCompounds

PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis

It is an endothermic reaction.It is an endothermic reaction. 6H2O + 6CO2 ----------> 6H2O + 6CO2 ---------->

C6H12O6+ 6O2C6H12O6+ 6O2 Light energy from the sun is used to Light energy from the sun is used to

produce glucose.produce glucose.

Chemical CompoundsChemical Compounds

Ionic CompoundsIonic Compounds-compounds that -compounds that contain ionic bonds.contain ionic bonds. -They are brittle-They are brittle

- They have high melting points- They have high melting points

- They dissolve easily in water and - They dissolve easily in water and can conduct can conduct electricity electricity

Covalent CompoundsCovalent Compounds

Compounds that are made of Compounds that are made of elements that have covalent bonds.elements that have covalent bonds.

- They have low melting points.- They have low melting points. - They do not mix well in water - They do not mix well in water

(some do dissolve) and most do not (some do dissolve) and most do not conduct electricityconduct electricity

Acids, Bases, and SaltsAcids, Bases, and Salts

AcidsAcids- is any compound that increases - is any compound that increases the number of hydrogen ions when the number of hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. (they taste sour and dissolved in water. (they taste sour and can change the color of certain can change the color of certain compounds).compounds).

Uses of acids-production of metals, Uses of acids-production of metals, paper, paint, detergents, and fertilizers. paper, paint, detergents, and fertilizers. It is also used to make rubber, plastics, It is also used to make rubber, plastics, and also to keep swimming pools free and also to keep swimming pools free from algae. from algae.

BasesBases

Any compound that increases the Any compound that increases the number of hydrogen ions when number of hydrogen ions when dissolved in water, and whose dissolved in water, and whose solution tastes bitter, feels slippery solution tastes bitter, feels slippery and can change color of certain and can change color of certain compoundscompounds

pH ScalepH Scale

pHpH-is a measure of the concentration -is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions. A pH of 7 is of hydrogen ions. A pH of 7 is neutral.neutral.

SaltsSalts

It is an ionic compound formed from It is an ionic compound formed from the positive ion of a base and the the positive ion of a base and the negative ion of an acid.negative ion of an acid.

Uses-season food, used to produce Uses-season food, used to produce hydrochloric acid and baking soda. hydrochloric acid and baking soda. They also are used to keep ice off of They also are used to keep ice off of roads. roads.

Organic CompoundsOrganic Compounds

- They are covalent compounds - They are covalent compounds composed of carbon-based composed of carbon-based molecules.molecules.

Each carbon atom has 4 bonds.Each carbon atom has 4 bonds.

CarbohydratesCarbohydrates

Biochemicals that are composed of Biochemicals that are composed of one or more simple sugars bonded one or more simple sugars bonded together. They are used as a source together. They are used as a source of energy and energy storage. of energy and energy storage.

-Breads, cereal, pasta.-Breads, cereal, pasta.

LipidsLipids

Biochemicals that do not dissolve in Biochemicals that do not dissolve in water, and have many different water, and have many different functions, like storing energy and functions, like storing energy and making up cell membranes.making up cell membranes.

ProteinsProteins

Biochemicals that are composed of Biochemicals that are composed of amino acids. They provide amino acids. They provide structural support, transporting and structural support, transporting and storing materials, and regulating storing materials, and regulating chemical activities.chemical activities.

Nucleic AcidsNucleic Acids

Biochemicals that store information Biochemicals that store information and help build proteins and other and help build proteins and other nucleic acids.nucleic acids.

HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons

Organic compounds that are Organic compounds that are composed of only carbon and composed of only carbon and hydrogen.hydrogen.

-Saturated-each carbon atom shares -Saturated-each carbon atom shares a single bond with a hydrogen.a single bond with a hydrogen.

-Unsaturated-at least two carbons -Unsaturated-at least two carbons share a double or triple bond.share a double or triple bond.

Aromatic Rings-Alternating double-Aromatic Rings-Alternating double-single bonds.single bonds.

-strong odors (air fresheners and -strong odors (air fresheners and moth balls).moth balls).