Chemical Aspects of GLOBEC-Chemical Aspects of GLOBEC-China Programs and Potential to China Programs and Potential to

GLOBEC-IMBER Study in ChinaGLOBEC-IMBER Study in China

Jing ZhangJing Zhang1. State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Re1. State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200search, East China Normal University, Shanghai 2000620622. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 2. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003

116 118 120 122 124 126 128 130 131

Riverine Input

Atmospheric Depositions

Biogeochemical Cycle

Kuroshio

Sediment – Water Interface

Shelf-Edge Exchange

Question 3: Nutrient Dynamics

Scientific Questions:Scientific Questions:

1. How the transfer of chemical materials 1. How the transfer of chemical materials across the boundary affects the ecosystem across the boundary affects the ecosystem of the East China Sea and Yellow Seaof the East China Sea and Yellow Sea- on cycles of chemical elements?- on cycles of chemical elements?- on nutrient budgets?- on nutrient budgets?

2. To what extent the biogeochemical 2. To what extent the biogeochemical processes affects the carbon cycle and processes affects the carbon cycle and fisheriesfisheries- on the food web structure?- on the food web structure?- on transform of nutrient limitation?- on transform of nutrient limitation?- on comparison of new and recycled - on comparison of new and recycled production?production?

Measurements and SimulationMeasurements and Simulation

• Nutrients (NONutrients (NO33--, NH, NH44

++, NO, NO22--, PO, PO44

3-3-, and SiO, and SiO332-2-) an) an

d DOC/Nd DOC/N• Trace species [Al, As (III+V), CHTrace species [Al, As (III+V), CH44, and N, and N22O]O]• POC/N, C-13, N-15, and particulate metalsPOC/N, C-13, N-15, and particulate metals• Radio isotopes (e.g. Radio isotopes (e.g. 210210Pb, Pb, 77Be, Be, 234234Th, Th, 226226Ra and Ra and 22

2828Ra)Ra)• Bio-markers (e.g. Alkanes, PAHs, AA and FAs)Bio-markers (e.g. Alkanes, PAHs, AA and FAs)

0 9 1 8 k m

1 2 1 0 0 E° ′ 1 2 1 3 0° ′ 1 2 2 0 0° ′ 1 2 2 3 0° ′

3 1 3 0° ′

3 1 0 0° ′

- 1 0 m

0 m

- 5 m

- 5 m

- 5 m

N

3 2 0 0 N° ′

B Z 2 B Z 3

Z D D 3 Z D D 5

Z D D 9

C Y 4C Y 7

X W H 3X W H 5

X Y Z 2 -1F D D 1F D D 3

F D D 11F D D 1 5Z H E R 1

X Y Z 1 0

X Y Z 9

X Y Z 8X Y Z 5

X Y Z 4

X Y Z 3

WY3W Y 2

Z J 1Z J 3

C Y 1

X Y Z 2 1X Y Z 2 2

X Y Z 7

X Y Z 6

X L J

E a s t C h in a S e a

HPJ

S h a n g h a i

J i a n g s u

a

A 1A 2

A 3A 4

A 5A 6

C 1 C 2 C 3C 4

C 5C 6 C 7C 8C 9C 1 0C 1 1

P 3P 4P 5p 6

P 7P 8

P 8 - 1P 9P 1 0

P 1 1P 1 2

T 1T 2T 3T 4T 5T 6T 7T 8T 9

Y 1Y 2Y 3Y 4Y 5 Y 6

Phosphorus in Food Web

32P (t1/2=14.3 d）33P (t1/2=25.3 d）

Atomospheric Input

Up-take

Zooplankton

Water ColumnPhytoplankton

Predation

Zhang et al., ECSS, 2004

千里岩

0

0. 1

0. 2

0. 3

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12月

(nmo

l/m

浓度

3 )

PhosphateSi l i cate

嵊泗群岛

0

30

60

90

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12月

(nmo

l/m

浓度

3 )

Ni t rate+Ni t r i cAmmoni um

千里岩

0

30

60

90

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12月

(nmo

l/m

浓度

3 )Ni t rate+Ni t r i cAmmoni um

嵊泗群岛

0. 00

0. 06

0. 12

0. 18

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12月

(nmo

l/m

浓度

3 )

Phosphate

Si l i cate

Aerosol nutrients over the Yellow Sea (upper panel) and East China Sea (lower panel)

Silica flux (mmol m-2 d-1) at sediment – water interface of the ECS

Station E4 E4 E5 E6 E6

Cruise 2000-10 2001-5 2001-5 2000-10 2001-5

DM 0.712 0.018 1.84 0.439 0.638

BC 0.464 0.546 2.63 1.86

DM: calculation from pore water profile, BC: data from in situ

incubations

E5 (2001-5)

0

10

20

30

0 0.5 1BSi (%)D

epth

(m

)

E4 (2000-10)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 0.5 1BSi (%)

Dep

th (

m)

In the ECS BSi<1%, similar to Chesapeake Bay, Yellow Sea and Bohai.

Transport Salinity Water flux Al Al flux

m3 yr-1 M ×109 g yr-1

Input

Changjiang 0 1012 0.69±0.40 16.0±9.3

Atmospheric 0 12.3±4.1

Kuroshio Surface Water 34.33 0.58×1013 0.022±0.004 3.4±0.6

Kuroshio Subsurface

Water 34.68 1.54×1013 0.016±0.001 6.6±0.4

Taiwan Current Warm

Water 33.50a 1.58×1013 0.042±0.033 17.9±14.1

Output

Shelf water export 33.42 3.83×1013 0.031±0.05 32.0±5.2

Sediment-water interface 0.043±0.029

Distance from Changjiang River mouth (km)

De

pth

(m

)

-50

-100

-150

-400

-650

-900

-1150

P12 P11 P10 P9 P8 E6 P7 P6 P5 P4 P3

Sep-2002, unit %

100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Impact of Changjiang water on the PN section (East China Sea) in September 2002.

Longitude

S tation

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

Dep

th

/ m

P 14E4 P11 P10 P9 P8 E6 P7 P6 P5 P4 P3

024681 01 52 03 04 05 06 07 08 0

123 124 125 126 127

TSM: mg/l

C/N ratio (atom)

8.1

8.9

Decreased

[POM]=- 0. 38Ln(Km)+2. 40r 2=0. 95

0

0. 2

0. 4

0. 6

0. 8

1

0 200 400 600km

T err

igen

ous

POM

Changjiang

ECS

Taiwan Strait

NO3-: 7.10

NH4+: 1.35

PO43-: 0.359

SiO32-: 14.7

Bottom Sediment

NO3-: 0.11

NH4+: 1.01

PO43-: 0.025

SiO32-: 2.51

River

NO3-: 2.76

NH4+: 0.182

PO43-: 0.013

SiO32-: 3.94

Kuroshio

NO3-: 5.43

NH4+: 0.47

PO43-: 0.384

SiO32-: 6.20

Outflow

NO3-: 11.8

NH4+: 2.38

PO43-: 0.57

SiO32-: 20.1

Yellow Sea

NO3-: 0.027

NH4+: 0.008

PO43-: 0.004

SiO32-: 0.107

Atmosphere

NO3-: 0.37

NH4+: 0.80

PO43-: 0.002

SiO32-: 0.047

East China Sea Shelf

a. Summer

unit: 103 mol/s

b. Winter

Yellow Sea

NO3-: 0.053

NH4+: 0.013

PO43-: 0.006

SiO32-: 0.111

Outflow

NO3-: 17.1

NH4+: 0.98

PO43-: 1.34

SiO32-: 33.6

Kuroshio

NO3-: 12.6

NH4+: 0.97

PO43-: 0.92

SiO32-: 23.7

River

NO3-: 0.765

NH4+: 0.195

PO43-: 0.006

SiO32-: 1.37

Bottom Sediment

NO3-: 0.11

NH4+: 1.01

PO43-: 0.025

SiO32-: 2.51

Taiwan Strait

NO3-: 5.73

NH4+: 0.69

PO43-: 0.46

SiO32-: 17.9

Atmosphere

NO3-: 0.71

NH4+: 1.27

PO43-: 0.003

SiO32-: 0.017

East China Sea Shelf

unit: 103 mol/s

Muscl e of Engraul i s J aponi cus

=0. 45BL+3. 15

r 2=0. 68

0

5

10

15

0 5 10 15 20

Body Length ( cm)

N-15 (%o)

Muscl e of Engraul i s J aponi cus

13C=0. 17BL- 21. 9

r 2=0. 82

- 22

- 20

- 180 5 10 15 20

Body Length ( cm)

C-13 (%o)

Towards developing GLOBEC-IMBER Studies Towards developing GLOBEC-IMBER Studies

in Chinain China OCEANS OSM (Paris, 7-10 January, 2003)OCEANS OSM (Paris, 7-10 January, 2003) March – May, 2003: Series of workshops on the possibility of iMarch – May, 2003: Series of workshops on the possibility of i

ntegration of GLOBEC and IMBER studies in Chinantegration of GLOBEC and IMBER studies in China August, 2003: Establishment of a joint working group of GLOAugust, 2003: Establishment of a joint working group of GLO

BEC and IMBER within frame of CNC-IGBPBEC and IMBER within frame of CNC-IGBP May 26-28, 2004: “Xiangshan Forum” on “Sustainable EcoMay 26-28, 2004: “Xiangshan Forum” on “Sustainable Eco

system and Biogeochemistry in the Coastal Ocean” (No. 22system and Biogeochemistry in the Coastal Ocean” (No. 228)8)

October, 2004: Final examination of GLOBEC-China II “EcosyOctober, 2004: Final examination of GLOBEC-China II “Ecosystem Dynamics and Sustainable Use of Marine Resources in tstem Dynamics and Sustainable Use of Marine Resources in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea”he Yellow Sea and East China Sea”

2005: Development of national study on GLOBEC-IMBER in C2005: Development of national study on GLOBEC-IMBER in Chinahina

Thank You!