chem101 chapter 01
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Chem101 Chapter 01. Chemical Foundations. Chapter 1- Preview. significant figures Handling numerical results Operational rules, unit Factor, … Classification of Matter Element, compound, mixture, …. 1.5 Significant Figures (SF) and Calculations. Rules for Counting Significant Figures : - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
1Dr. M. A. MorsyChemistry Dept., KFUPM
Chem101Chem101
Chapter 01Chapter 01Chem101Chem101
Chapter 01Chapter 01Chemical Chemical
FoundationsFoundations
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Chapter 1-Preview
•significant figures•Handling numerical results
–Operational rules, unit Factor, …
•Classification of Matter–Element, compound, mixture, …
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Rules for Counting Significant Figures:
• Nonzero integers are countable as SF.• Zeros:
- "Leading zeros” are not significant. e.g. 0.0025 (2 SF) - "Captive zeros” Count as s.f. e.g.: 1.008 (4 SF)
- "Trailing zeros” count as s.f. eg. : 100 = 1.00 X 102 (3 SF)
• Exact numbers have an infinite number of SF
e.g. 10 experiment, 5 apples, 8 books … so on. .. • Exponential notation:
it is used to express large or small numbers in the correct SFe.g. 0.000060 convenient 6.0 x 10-5
1.5 Significant Figures (SF) and Calculations
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Rules for SF in Mathematical Operations:
• Multiplication / Division: Final results have the same SF in the least precise measurement used in calculation.
• Addition / Subtraction: Final results have the same number of decimal places as the least precise numbers.
1.5 Significant Figures (SF) and Calculations
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Note:Sometime you have to do
multi-step conversion to get correct answer.
1.6 Dimensional Analysis
conversion of a given results from one system unit to an other using "Unit Factor Method" or dimensional analysis.
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1.7 TemperatureEngineeringScience
DifferenceIs complicated
DifferenceIs in their zero
Tc = (TF-32oF) x 5oF/ 9oC TF = (T0C x 9oF/5oC) + 32oF T(Kelvin) = T(T(Kelvin) = T(ooC) + 273.15C) + 273.15
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1.8 Density
volume
massDensity
A property of matter that is often used by chemists.
volume
massDensity
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1.9 Classification of matter
Read (pp. 26-30)
and Report (HW#2):
• Define :Matter, Mixtures, Physical changes, Chemical Changes,Compound, and Element
• Define:Distillation, Filtration, and Chromatography
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Chapter One: