chem 342 - cook groupcook.chem.ndsu.nodak.edu/.../lecture-01-presentation.pdf · 2018. 10. 16. ·...
TRANSCRIPT
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Chem 342
Organic Chemistry IISpring 2004
c o o k . c h e m . n d s u . n o d a k . e d u / c h e m 3 4 2
Please pick up a syllabus near the entrance
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Syllabus
Office Hours
Mon, Wed - 9:00-10:00 am or give me a call
Dunbar Hall 360A
Phone - 231-7413
Email - [email protected]
AIM/iChat - [email protected]
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Grading
500 point scale
three 100 point midterm exams
a 200 point comprehensive final
Quizzes
Six 21 point quizzes
Top 5 quizzes will be added for total of 105 potential points
If higher, this will automatically replace your lowest midterm exam score
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Grading
A 85-100%
B 75-84%
C 60-74%
D 45-59%
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Web Page
c o o k . c h e m . n d s u . n o d a k . e d u / c h e m 3 4 2
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Course Outline
NMR Spectroscopy
Conjugated Dienes
Aromaticity - Chemistry of Benzene
Alcohols and Phenols
Ethers and Epoxides
Carbonyl Chemistry
Amines
Biomolecules
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Course Content
Functional group chemistry
General Properties
Reactions
Why is this important?
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My Philosphy Toward Organic Chemistry
Like a foreign language
Vocabulary
Terms
Structures
Functional Groups
Grammar
Electronic properties
Reactivity
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Tips For Learning Organic Chemistry
Read ahead before coming to class
COME TO CLASS
Rewrite your notes
Do the suggested problems - do them again
Flash cards can help
SUBSTRATES
REAGENTS
PRODUCTS
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Tips For Learning Organic Chemistry
Study with a friend or form a study group
A set of molecular models can help
DON’T Fall Behind
DON’T Fall Behind
DON’T Fall Behind
Organic Chemistry is an integral part of Biology and Biochemistry. Life exists because of Organic Chemistry.
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Chapter 13 - NMR Spectroscopy
Basis of NMR
How functional groups affect NMR
How protons affect nearby protons
How to interpret NMR and assign structure
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How to determine the structures of molecules?
Probe physical properties
Elemental Analysis
atomic composition (relative ratios)
empirical formula
Mass Spectrometry
molecular formula
element identification (isotopes)
connectivity
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How to determine the structure of molecules?
Vibrational (Infrared) Spectroscopy
functional groups
Electronic (UV-VIS) Spectroscopy
conjugation
X-Ray Crystallography
3D positions of atoms
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NMR Spectroscopy
Atom Connectivity
Functional Group Identification
Stereochemistry
Higher Order Structure
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Identification of a Natural Product
High Res. Mass Spectrometry
UV Spectroscopy
IR Spectroscopy
NN
H Cl
EpibatidineJ. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 112, 3475
Isolated from the Ecuadorian tree frog - Epibatis Tricolor
Analgesic activity 500 times greater than morphine.
210.0764 4.4% C11H13N237Cl
208.0769 15.5% C11H13N235Cl
217 nm and 250-280 nm indicates pyridine ring
1428 and 1112 cm-1 suggests a pyridine ring
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Proton NMR
NN
H Cl
EpibatidineJ. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 112, 3475
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Carbon NMR
NN
H Cl
EpibatidineJ. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 112, 3475
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NMR Phenomenon
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
µ A spinning charged particle generates a magnetic field.
A nucleus with a spin angular momentum will generate a magnetic moment (μ).
B0
If these tiny magnets are placed in an applied magnetic field (Bo), they will adopt two different states - one aligned with the field and one aligned against the field. The energy difference between these two states is what we are observing with NMR.
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Nuclear Spin States
B0
E
aligned against B0
aligned with B0
Energy difference between the states at a particular magnet strength. In the Rf range of the EM Spectrum.
When EM waves at this energy are directed at the nuclei - it will absorb. Spins will flip from lower energy to higher energy. At that energy, nuclei are “In Resonance”.
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NMR Active Nuclei
Many nuclei are “NMR Active”
Spin Quantum Number I ≠ 0
1H -- I = ½; 13C -- I = ½
12C, 16O -- I = 0 -- Can’t be observed
Other nuclei that are NMR active
2H (D), 14N, 19F, 31P
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NMR Instrumentation
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging
NMR is the basis for MRI