chem 121 chapter 5 1. the mole 12 eggs = 12 bagels = 6.02 x 10 23 hydrogen atoms = 6.02 x 10 23...
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CHEM 121
Chapter 5
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The Mole• 12 eggs = • 12 bagels = • 6.02 x 1023 hydrogen atoms =• 6.02 x 1023 water molecules =
2
How many water molecules are in 3.5 moles of water?
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Moles of Elements in a FormulaHow many moles of each element are in 1 mole of water?
How many moles of each element are in 1 mole of glucose?
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Molar Mass
•
•
4
Examples: Carbon
Atomic mass?
Molar mass?
Water
Molecular mass?
Molar mass?
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Calculations with Molar MassYou measure out 10.0 g of water. How many moles of water do you have?
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If a piece of metal displaces 2.2 mL water, how many water molecules has it
displaced? (Assume the density of water is 1.0 g/mL.)
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Chemical Equations
Physical Change:
Chemical Change:
Chemical Equation:
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Types of Reactions
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Mg O O+
A B+
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Types of Reactions
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OHH
BA
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Types of Reactions
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BA + C
•
•
BA + C D
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Chemical Equations
_____________ and ___________ involved in change
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Ex. Reaction of magnesium solid and oxygen
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Reaction Equivalents
C3H8 (g) + 5 O2 (g) 3 CO2 (g) + 4 H2O (g)
1 molecule C3H8 reacts with _______ molecules O2
1 molecule C3H8 produces _______ molecules CO2
1 molecule C3H8 produces _______ molcules H2O
5 molecules O2 produces _______ molecules CO2
2 molecules C3H8 produces _______ molecules CO2
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Ionic Equations• Molecular equations
–
• Total ionic equations–
• Net ionic equations–
Example: HCl and NaOH
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Precipitation Reactions
• Type of replacement reaction•
Example: Aqueous sodium iodide and lead (II) nitrate
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Stoichiometry
the study of mass relationships in chemical equations
Can’t compare mass to mass
Go to moles first
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Reaction Calculations
1.
2.
3.
4.
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Sample ProblemHow much carbon dioxide (in grams) is
produced when 3.00 g of ethanol (C2H6O) combusts in air?
How much oxygen gas is used up to combust 5.00 g of ethanol?
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5-minute review
How many grams of oxygen are needed to react with 1 mole of CH4 to create water?
Hint: carbon dioxide is also a product.
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Yields
• Theoretical yield:
• Actual yield: –
• Percent yield:
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Limiting Reactants
What if we have:8 scoops of ice
cream6 cherries100 mL of syrup.
How many sundaes can we make?
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Chemical Reactions Involving a Limiting Reactant
hydrazine (N2H4) and dinitrogen tetraoxide are liquids that ignite to form nitrogen gas and water vapor
How many grams of nitrogen gas form when 100. g of N2H4 and 200. g of dinitrogen tetraoxide are mixed?
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Redox Reactions• Reduction and oxidation
• Movement of e- from one reactant to another
• 2 Mg (s) + O2 (g) --> 2 MgO (s)
• LEO GER
• Reducing agent? Oxidizing agent?
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Oxidation Numbers (O.N.)
• Any element has O.N. = • 1A(1) ions = 2A(2) ions = • H ion can only = • Oxygen ion only = • Halogen ions usually = • The sum of all atoms O.N. in a compound =
Examples: ZnCl2sulfur trioxide
potassium sulfate
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3-minute review
What is the O.N. of each atom in CaCO3?
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Redox Reaction?
CaO (s) + CO2 (g) → CaCO3 (s)
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3-minute Review
What’s been oxidized in each reaction?
Cu (s) + AgNO3 (aq) → Ag (s) + Cu(NO3)2 (aq)
N2 (g) + H2 (g) → NH3 (g)
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