Chem 101

Nomenclature

Lecture 6 & 7

Household Chemicals

NaHCO3 Baking Soda

NaClO Bleach

NH3 Ammonia

NaCl Salt

H2O2 Hydrogen Peroxide

Household Chemicals

NaHCO3 Sodium Carbonate

NaClO Sodium Hypochlorite

NH3 Nitrogen Trihydride

NaCl Sodium Chloride

H2O2 Hydrogen Peroxide

Nomenclature Terms Binary Compound contains 2 elements

Binary Ionic Compound : a metal and a nonmetal

CaCl2

Metal named first: calcium

Nonmetal named second with an –ide

ending: chloride

Name: calcium chloride

If metal has more than one charge

(transition metals) must indicate charge

with Roman numerals

I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII

or Latin endings

-ous = lower charge

- ic = higher charge

Nomenclature Terms

Binary Covalent Compound: two nonmetals

SO2 Least electronegative element first:

sulfur Second element has -ide ending:

oxide Greek prefixes indicate subscripts 1 = mono- 6 = hexa- 2 = di- 7 = hepta- 3 = tri- 8 = octa- 4 = tetra- 9 = nona- 5 = penta- 10 = deca-

Name: sulfur dioxide

Exception: when 1st element is only a

single atom

Nomenclature Terms

Nonbinary Compound: more than 2 elements

NaOH

probably contains polyatomic ion(s)

Name the polyatomic cation first

Ionic: name metal first

sodium

Name the polyatomic anion second

hydroxide

Name: sodium hydroxide

MUST KNOW the polyatomic ions by name and formula to recognize them

Nomenclature Flow Chart

Single-Charge Multiple-Charge Metal Metal

Name the metal

Indicate metal charge by (Roman #) or Latin

name (-ous or –ic)

+ 1 nonmetal

+ 2 nonmetals

Name the polyatomic ion Nonmetal name

with –ide ending

*Metal + Nonmetal

Chemical Formula

2 Nonmetals

1) Use Greek prefixes to indicate subscripts

2) second element –ide ending

H + Nonmetal(s)

Name as acids

* Treat NH4+

as a metal when

naming compounds

NaCl: Each sodium ion has a

1+ charge and each chloride ion has a 1-

charge, so they must occur in equal numbers

to give a net charge of zero.

FeCl3: one Fe3+ ion

balances the charge of three Cl- ions.

Determining the

Charge on a Transition Metal

Cation – Au2S3

• Determine the charge on the anion

– Au2S3: the anion is S, since it is in Group 6A, and its charge is –2

• Determine the total negative charge

– Since there are 3 S in the formula, the total negative charge is –6

• Determine the total positive charge

– Since the total negative charge is -6, the total positive charge is +6

• Divide by the number of cations

– Since there are 2 Au in the formula & the total positive charge is +6, each Au has a +3 charge

A flowchart for naming acids.

Naming of Acids

• If anion does not contain oxygen:

– Start with Hydro-

– Add –ic to the end

– Ex: HCl:

• Cl- is chloride, so the acid is Hydrochloric

acid

• If anion contains oxygen:

– Look at the ending

– If –ite, use anion root and -ous

– Ex: HNO2:

• NO2- is nitrite, so the acid is Nitrous acid

– If –ate, use anion root and -ic

– Ex: H2SO4:

• SO42- is sulfate, so the acid is Sulfuric acid

Nomenclature Practice

Name the following compounds: Ba(OH)2

NaC2H3O2

Fe3(PO4)2 CaS

MgSO4

K2SO3

P2O5

N2O

SO3

LiF