1. Check Sheet

2. Cause & Effect Diagram

3. Histogram

4. Scatter Diagram

5. Flow Chart

6. Pareto Chart

7. Control Chart

� Also called Tally sheet

� A Check Sheet is a structured, prepared form

for collecting and analyzing data

� Examples:

- Student Attendance Sheet

- Marks Report Card

� Also called Ishikawa Diagram/ Fishbone

Diagram

� Looks like Fishbone!

� Causes are written on left side bones

� The Effect (the problem) is written on the

right side (Fish head)

Computer

Course

� This is a type of Bar Chart.

� This chart shows data distribution and

frequency.

� It visually represents data and summary can

be seen easily.

Total no. of

Students = 51

Marks

� The data is displayed as a collection of points.

� Each value is represented by a location

(point) based on horizontal and vertical

values (x and y axis)

� The Process Flow Chart provides a visual

representation of the steps in a process.

� It give you and everyone a clear

understanding of the process.

� Facilitates teamwork and communication.

� Helps to identify non-value-added

operations.

14

In 1800s, Italian economist VilfredoPareto discovered 80 percent of the wealth in European countries was controlled by 20 percent of the population. This was later known as the Pareto Principle,or the 80 20 rule

Vilfredo Pareto

� Visually represents the importance of events

in terms of its impact.

� 20% of events result in 80% of effects

� 80% of events result in 20% of effects

� It is represented in two ways:

- Frequency bar chart/histogram

- Cumulative line-graph

16

Subjects Number of

students

Failed

Percentage

Mathematics 23 46%

English 14 28%

Physics 7 14%

Chemistry 4 8%

Biology 2 4%

Cumulative

Freq.

46

74

88

96

100

17

247

14

23

Number of Failing Studentspercent

50

100

� Control charts are graphs used to study how a process changes over time.

� Data is plotted in time order. � A control chart always has a central line for

the average� A control chart has an upper line for the

upper control limit (UCL) and a lower line for the lower control limit (LCL).

� It visually shows the process variation over time