chart of examiner4board

7/27/2019 Chart of Examiner4board

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The good you do to others will always come back to you pay it forward!!

Communications

The Radio Frequency Spectrum

Band name ABBRITU

band frequency wavelengthpropagation

mode< 3 Hz > 100,000 km -

Extremely low frequency ELF 1 330 Hz 100,000 km 10,000 km -

Super low frequency SLF 2 30300 Hz 10,000 km 1000 km -

Ultra low frequency ULF 3 3003000 Hz 1000 km 100 km -

Very low frequency VLF 4 330 kHz 100 km 10 km Ground Wave

Low frequency LF 5 30300 kHz 10 km 1 km Ground Wave

Medium frequency MF 6 3003000 kHz 1 km 100 m Ground Wave

High frequency HF 7 330 MHz 100 m 10 m Sky Wave

Very high frequency VHF 8 30300 MHz 10 m 1 m Space Wave

Ultra high frequency UHF 9 3003000 MHz 1 m 100 mm Space Wave

Super high frequency SHF 10 330 GHz 100 mm 10 mm Space Wave

Extremely high frequency EHF 11 30300 GHz 10 mm 1 mm Space Wave

Tremendously high frequency THF 300 GHz 3000GHZ < 1 mm

Satellites

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) Geostationary /Geosynchronous (GEO)Orbit Height 100 - 300 mi 6,000 - 12,000 mi 22,300 mi

Orbital velocity 17,500 mph 9580 mph 6879 mph

Orbital time (period) 1.5 hours 5-12 mph 24 hours

Satellite Availability 15 min per orbit 2 - 4 hours per orbit 24 hours per orbit

Operating Frequency 1.0 GHz to 2.5 GHz 1.2 GHz - 1.66 GHz 2 GHz - 18 GHzMotorola's Iridium Satellite system (66-satellite constellation for mobile phone

system)GPS, NAVSTAR

Satellite classification to sizeSize Mass Cost

Large Satellite > 1,000 kg > $ 100 MSmall Satellite 500 - 1,000 kg $ 50 - 100 M

Mini Satellite 100 - 500 kg $ 5 - 20 M

Micro Satellite 10 - 100 kg $ 2 - 3 M

Nano Satellite < 10 kg < $ 1 M

Loudness level0 - 15 dB very faint

15 - 30 dB faint30 - 60 dB moderate

60 - 80 dB loud

80 - 130 dB very loud

130 dB deafening

Microwave frequency bandsBand Frequency in GHz

L 1-2

S 2-4

C 4-8

X 8-12

Ku 12-18

K 18-27

Ka 27-40

Millimeter 40-300

Sub-millimeter >300

10 Octaves of human hearing1st octave 20 - 40 Hz

Lower Bass2ndoctave

40 - 80 Hz

3rd octave 80 - 160 HzUpper Base

4th octave 160 - 320 Hz

5th octave 320 - 640 HzLower Midrange6th octave 640 - 1280 Hz

7th octave 1280 - 2560 Hz

8th octave 2560 - 5120 Hz Upper midrange9th octave 5120 - 10240 Hz

Treble10th octave 10240 - 20480 Hz


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Optimum volume per person for varioustypes of hall

Type of Hall Optimum Volume/person (m3)

concert halls 7.1

Italian-type operahouses

4.2 - 5.2

churches 7.1 - 9.9

cinemas 3.1

Rooms for speech 2.8

Sound Pressure LevelsSource SPL (dB)

faintest audible sound 0

whisper 20

Quiet residence 30

Soft stereo in residence 40

Speech range 50-70

cafeteria 90

Pneumatic jack hammer 90

Loud crowd noise 100

Accelerating motorcycle 100

Rock concert 120

Jet Engine (75 feet away) 140

Optimum reverberation (@500 to 1kHz)Room Function Reverberation time (s)

Recording andbroadcasting studios 0.45 - 0.55

Elementary classrooms 0.6 - 0.8

Playhouses, intimatedrama production 0.9 - 1.1

Lecture and conferencerooms 0.9 - 1.1

Cinema 0.8 - 1.2

small theaters 1.2 - 1.4

High school auditoriums 1.5 - 1.6

General purposeauditoriums 1.5 - 1.6

Churches 1.4 - 3.4

Super Group Carrier FrequencyL600 Mastergroup U600 Mastergroup

SupergroupCarrier

frequency(kHz)

SupergroupCarrier

frequency(kHz)

1 612 13 1116

2 Direct 14 1364

3 1116 15 1612

4 1364 16 1860

5 1612 17 2108

6 1860 18 2356

7 2108 D25 2652

8 2356 D26 2900

9 2724 D27 3148

10 3100 D28 3396

AT&Ts FDM HierarchyVB channels Groups supergroups mastergroups jumbogroups

Group 12 - - - -

supergroup 60 5 - - -mastergroup 600 50 10 - -Jumbogroup 3600 300 60 6 -

Superjumbogroup 10800 900 180 18 3

CCITTs FDM HierarchyVB channels Groups supergroups mastergroups

Group 12 - - -supergroup 60 5 - -

mastergroup 300 25 5 -Jumbogroup 900 75 15 3

Digital Multiplexing Hierarchy (North American)Line Type Digital

SignalBit rate(Mbps)

ChannelCapacity

# of T1 Services Offered Medium

DS0 64Kbps 1/24 of T-1 twisted pair

T1 DS1 1.544 24 1 VB telephone twisted pair

T1C DS1c 3.152 48 2 VB telephonetwisted pair,microwave

T2 DS2 6.312 96 4 VB tel, picture phone Coax, microware

T3 DS3 44.736 672 28VB tel, picture phone,

TVCoax, fiber optics

T4M DS4 274.176 4032 168 same as T3 but more capacity fiber optics


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Distress Frequencyaeronautical 121.5 MHzMaritime (radiotelegraphy) 2182 kHz

CB (40 channels, 8Km) 26.965-27.475 MHz

Motors

Motorclass

maxtemperature

(0C)A 105

B 130

F 155

H 180

Mode identification forMultivibratorCN1 CN2 Mode

Resistor Resistor Bistable

Resistor Capacitor Monostable

Capacitor Capacitor Astable

The good you do to others will always come back to you pay it forward!! Velocity of SoundWater 5000 ft/secSteel 5150 m/s

Wood 3300 m/s

Japanese Multiplexing HierarchyLevel Data Rate (Mbps) Channel Capacity

1 1.544 24

2 6.312 92

3 32.064 480

4 97.728 1140

5 565.148 7680

European standardLevel Data Rate (Mbps) Channel

Capacitytimeslots

E-1 2.048 30 32

E-2 8.448 120 128

E-3 34.368 480 512

E-4 139.264 1920 2048

E-5 565.992 7680 8192

ELECTRONICSSummary for all 2-input gates

Inputs Output of each gate

A B AND NAND OR NOR EX-OR EX-NOR 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1

0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0

1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0

1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1

Typical Characteristics of IC Logic Families

IC Logic Family Fan Out PowerDissipation (mW)PropagationDelay (ns)

Noisemargin (V)

Standard TTL 10 10 10 0.4

Schottky TTL 10 22 3 0.4

Low power Schottky TTL 20 2 10 0.4

ECL 25 25 2 0.2CMOS 50 0.1 25 3

Level of IntegrationLevel Of Integration No. of gates per chip

Small Scale Integration (SSI) less than 12

Medium Scale Integration (MSI) 12-99

Large Scale Integration (LSI) 100-9,999

Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) 10,000-99,999

Ultra Large Scale Integration (ULSI) 100,000 or more

Amplifier

Electron Capacity = 2n2

Amplifier class efficiency conductionangle

input signalused

A 50% 360 100%

AB 51-99% 181 to 359 > 50% < 100%

B 78% 180 50%

C 85% 0 to 179 50%

TV channel Frequency allocationchannel

#Frequency band

(MHz)2 54 - 60

Low VHF Channels

3 60 - 66

4 66 - 725 76 - 826 82 - 88

88 - 108 FM band

7 174 - 180

High Band VHFChannels

8 180 - 186

9 186 - 192

10 192 - 198

11 198 - 204

12 204 - 210

13 210 - 216

14-83 470-890 UHF

Resonant Circuit Feedback OscillatorsOscillator Type X1 X2 X3

Hartley L L CColpitts C C L

Clapp C C Series LC (net L)

Pierce Crystal C C Crystal (net L)


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Commonly magnetized alloysPermalloy 22% iron and 78% nickelHipernik 40% Fe and 60% NiPerminvar Ni 43%, Iron 34%, Cobalt 23%Constantan 40-60% copper / thermocouplesNichrome 15-20% chromium and has high electrical resistance

Mobile Phones (W)- Analog Digital

Class I 0.6 4Class II 1.6 1.6Class III 3 0.6

Data ratesGPRS 170 kbpsEDGE 384 kbps3G 2 MbpsBluetooth 720 KbpsFiberOptics

10 Gbps

modulation technique ApplicationQAM - PSK Digital Microwave

GFSK (DECT)Cordless phone

GMSK GPRS

8PSK EDGE

BPSK CDMA

/4-DQPSK D-AMPS

CATVClass I TV Channel/Station-- off-the-air channels, DBS feeds

Class II w/o auxiliary equipment scramblingClass III w/ auxiliary equipmentClass IV provides signaling path CATV, PPV

(Precise & Standard Positioning Service)

GPS PPS SPShorizontal 22 m 100 m

vertical 27.7 m 156 m

Time interval 200 nsec 340 nsecMagnetic Field IntensityEquator 32,000 nTNorth Pole 64,000 nT

G 1 CD/internetG 2 (DCT) - DVD - SVCD ripperG 3 HDTVG 4 DivXG 7 Multimedia content Description Interface

G 21 Multimedia Framework

N0N Un-Mod carrier, No infoA1A TelegraphyC3F VSB Tx for TV signal

F1B FSKF8E FM stereo Mux signalA3C AM FaxF3C FM FaxA3E AM Telephony, DSBF3E FM TelephonyG3E PM TelephonyH3E SSB FCJ3E SSB SCR3E SSB RC

Monolithic IC (m)transistor 20 x 12

resistor 6 x 30diodes 10 x 15

Curie temperature (0C)Cobalt 1130Iron 770Nickel 358Gondolinium 16

Moores Law (bps)2015 2050

1 Billion 500 Trillion

Broadband wireless access for fixed, nomadic, mobile: (MHz)

IMT 2000 maximum data rate

Flicker noise Voltage

Cable TV:

EnergyLevel(PrincipalQuantumNumber)

ShellLetter

ElectronCapacity

1 K 22 L 83 M 184 N 325 O 18

6 P 87 Q 2

Specifications Cable Type Max Length(m)

10BaseT Unshielded Twisted Pair 100

10Base2 Thin Coax Cable 180

10Base5 Thick Coax Cable 500

10BaseF Fiber optic cable 2000

100BaseT Unshielded Twisted Pair 100

100BaseTX Unshielded Twisted Pair 220

< 1 1-2 2-3 3-5 5-10 > 10

450-470 1900-1910 2400-2483 3400-3600 5150-5350 10150-10650- 1980-1990 2500-2700 - 5470-5850 -

Slow moving vehicles? 384 kbpsHigh speed vehicle? 144 kbps

Wire-wound resistor? 0.01 V to 0.2VCarbon-composition? 0.1V to 2V

carbon film 0.05V-3Vmetallic film (wire) 0.02V-0.2V

matching (RF) 16 dBterminal isolation 28 dB

sound carrier isolator 40 dB

spurious radiation rejection 60 dB

cross modulation 80 dB

adjacent channel isolation -60 dB

audio signal level 1 dB

video SNR for modulator 36 dB


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IC typesFilm

HybridMonolithic

ICpackaging

TO

FlatpackDIP

BlackoutR1 Weak black outR2 10 minsR3 < 1 hour

R4 1-2 hoursR5 more than 2 hours


SUF for 3G (MHz/million):Frequency paired unpaired

5 MHz P 5M P 3M

5-10 8M 6M

10-15 10M 8M>15 15M 12M

Brain waves: < 3 Hz 4 to 8 Hz 8 to 12 Hz 13 to 30 Hz

PackagingLevel 0 Resistor, diodes (non repairable parts)

Level 1 Sub-modules attached to circuit cards

Level 2 circuit cards, mother boards etc.

Level 3 DrawersLevel 4 Cabinets

spike 6000v in sec

surge 110%p / sag 80% - 85 %

IS-41 RoamingIS-54 D-AMPSIS-95 CDMA One

IS-136 TDMA, North American Digital CellphoneIS-136.2 roaming, /4-DQPSK

OP AMPSLM 101 General purpose OP-Amp

LM 741C Industries StandardOP 177A Ultra Precision Amp

secondary cell batterylead-acid

nickel cadmium

silver-zinc

silver-cadmium

- AC (mA) at 60 Hz DC (mA)Perception 0 to 1 0 to 4Surprise 1 to 4 4 to 15

Reflex action 4 to 21 15 to 80scular inhibition 21 to 40 80 to 160spiratory failure 40 to 100 160 to 300

Fatal Over 1600 300mA

Commercials (minutes)Program

duration MLA OUT-MLA60 15 17

30 7.5 8.5

15 3.5 4

5 15sec 1.5

PhosphorP1 Green OscilloscopeP4 White Monochrome

P22 RGB coloredP31 Green Oscilloscope

Names and AccomplishmentAbraham Abesamis Chairman NTC

Neil Bhor Calculated the radius andvelocity of electron

Ernest Rutherford Measure atomic radiusChristian Hulsmeyer RadarTheodor Maiman

Developed LASERBackham & KAO Clad glass fiberMarc Anderseen MOSAICNorio Taniguchi NanotechBurell Smith MAC Mother BoardBob Khan & Vinton Cerf Designed TCP/IPTed Hoff Designed MicroprocessorGilbert Hyatt Invented MicroprocessorIsaac Asimov 3 law of Robotics, 1969Karel apek coined Robot, 1920Tim Bernes-Lee designed HTTPTomas Watson IBM founderWilliam Gibson

CyberspaceDouglas Engelbart MouseBob Metcalfe EthernetLarry Robert ArpanetJohn Barger Web-logBrattain and Bardeen Inventor TransistorJohn Pierce Coined "transistor"Vinton Cerf FTP/Father of internetJack st. Claire Kilby ICTed Nelson Coined Hyper textJack Raskin Founder of MacintoshSeymour Roger Cray Super Computer

Bob Noyce & Gordon Moore Intel fair childGiovanni Caselli PantelegraphAntonio Meucci 1st Inventor of the telephoneVic Hayce Father of Wi-Fi

Agusta Ada BryonWorld 1st ComputerProgrammer

Steve Jobs, Steven Wozniak Apple computerEdwin Armstron Superheterodyne (radio)Mark Tilden RobosapienHarry Nyquist Negative Feedback AmplifierCarl Beredicks discovered germanium in 1915Dr Carl Zener development of zener diodeDr Leo Esaki invented tunnel diodeRandall and Boot Inventor of MagnetronRichard Feynman subatomic to atom manipulation


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Erlang B do not reappear during test periodErlang C Held in the system until satisfiedPoisson satisfied or abandoned

SCR NPN + PNPDiac two 4-layer SCRTriac two SCR back-to-back

Colpitts tapped capacitorHartley tapped inductorArmstrong Magnetic CouplingClapp series LC

Velocity FactorCoax 0.66 / 0.6-0.8Twin lead 0.8Open wire 0.9

V.32 9600 bpsV.34bis 33.6 kbpsV.90 56 kbps

ASIMO HondaQRIO SonyHUBO KoreaRobosapien toy like robotBang-bang Robot Limit stop

Turns Ratio of Transformerstep up less than unitystep down greater than unity

Maxwell Bridge Medium QHay Bridge High Q

RFID frequency bands13.553 MHz 13.567 MHz

918 MHz 920 MHz

2446 MHz 2454 MHz

- GPS GLONASS

Satellites 24 21 (3 spare)

Orbital Planes 6 3Satellites / Planes 4 8Plane Separation 600 1200

Satellite Separation 600 450

Inclination 550 64.80

Orbital Period 12 Hours 11 Hours &15minsAltitude 20,200 km 19,100 km

Mechanical Configurations of Industrial RobotsArticulated arm or joined- arm configuration

Spherical configurations up, down, left, right, pivot at certain angle

Cylindrical configuration 360

Cartesian or rectilinear up/down/left/ rightSCARA (Selective ComplianceAssembly Robot Arm)

4 axis robot with rotating elements that movein single plane

Types of RobotsSemi-Autonomous Needs some human interventionAutonomous Needs no human interventionTele-Operated Remote controlledAndroids Resemble humansCyborgs Mixture of human and machine parts

Automatons Automatically follow programmed instructions

MicrophonesLow Z High Z

dynamic crystal

carbon condenser

ribbon electret

Proton 2 up quarks 1 down quarkNeutron 2 down quarks 1 up quark


FAX- Group 1 Group 2 Group 3

Mins / page 6 3 6-15 sec / page

scan lines / inch 90 100

Standard Fine Superfine

100 or 98 200 or 196 400 or 392

Bluetooth

class Maximum PermitteddB Power (mW/dBm) Range

class 1 100 mW (20dBm) ~100mclass 2 2.5 mW (4dBm) ~10m

class 3 1 mW (0dBm) ~1m

IP version AddressesIPv4 232

IPv6 2128

Welding TypeCarbon Arc Welding Occurrence of blow holesElectron Beam Welding Vacuum tube/ high velocity electrons applied in the materialsSpot Welding a type of resistance weldingMIG (metal inert gas) high deposit rate/uses consumable wire electrodesTIG (tungsten inert gas) Uses non-consumable wire electrodesPlasma arc Welding wine glass / shielding gasPressure Welding atom-atom bondElectric Resistance Seam Welding uses disc electrodes


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