charlotte bate anika bergen. study of prehistoric earthquakes prehistoric: before recorded history...
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AN INTRODUCTION TO PALEOSEISMOLOGY WITH AN EMPHASIS ON LIQUEFACTION FEATURES
Charlotte BateAnika Bergen
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PALEOSEISMOLOGY
Study of Prehistoric Earthquakes
Prehistoric: Before recorded history
SEISMOLOGY
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HISTORICAL SEISMIC RECORDS
United States & Co.
Europe
China/Middle East
150450 Wasatch Fault (Utah)
400 - 500
1000+
Teton Range Fault Zone (Wyoming) 100 000+
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CLASSIFICATION OF PALEOSEISMIC EVIDENCE
EVIDENCE
SECONDARYPRIMARYTectonic deformation from coseismic slip
Result of:-Earthquake shaking-Erosional and depositional consequences of shaking
1
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PRIMARY
ON-FAULT OFF-FAULT
COSEISMIC POSTSEISMIC
POSTSEISMIC
COSEISMIC
2
3
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EVIDENCE
GEOMORPHIC -Landforms
STRATIGRAPHIC -Deposits -Structures
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DATING PALEOEARTHQUAKES
DATING PALEOEARTHQUAKES
OLDER
BRACKETING
YOUNGER
FEATURE
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RECURRENCE PATTERNS
Hazard Assessment
COMPLEX
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PALEOEARTHQUAKE MAGNITUDE
PRIMARY SECONDARY
HISTORICAL EARTHQUAKES
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NEW MADRID SEISMIC ZONE
Pink dots represent epicenters of earthquakes since 1974.
Black crosses represent large earthquakes in the area.
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Sand blows appear as white deposits in a variety of shapes and sizes.
Sand blows in the NMSZ could be as large as 10 000 square kilometers.
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Layering within the dike and the sill indicate that liquefied sand travelled to the surface on multiple occasions.
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Archeological artifacts found in the NMSZ.
Archeological artifacts and radiocarbon dating help put time constraints on the sand blows.
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B: Average recurrence of earthquakes in the area is 500 years.
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ksaHZy2JHK0