charging system automobile
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
A/C Generator Systems
![Page 2: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What is the function of the charging system?
Provide power for all electrical loads
Recharge the starting battery
![Page 3: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
What happens if the charging systems puts out too much power?
Voltage goes UP
What happens if the charging system puts out too little power?
Voltage goes DOWN
![Page 4: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
What is the proper system voltage? 13.8 - 14.8 volts
27.4 – 28.4 volts
![Page 5: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
What controls the system voltage?
Voltage regulator
![Page 6: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
How many volts in a fully charged battery?
12.6 volts
25.2 volts
After removing surface charge
![Page 7: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
How do you check for an Over-charging alternator?
Insure battery is fully charged
Run the engine
Turn Off electrical loads
System voltage below… …14.8 Volts or 28.4 volts When less than 8 amps enter battery
![Page 8: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
What can cause the charging system to Over-charge?
Defective Voltage Regulator Volt Drop in Voltage Sensing Wire Volt Drop in regulator ground Having regulator inside generator
eliminates volt drop as a cause for Over-Charging
![Page 9: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
How do you check for an Under-charging alternator?
Insure battery is fully charged
Run ALL electrical loads
Run engine at 1,500 RPM
System voltage above… …13.8 Volts or 27.4 volts
![Page 10: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
How else do you check for an undercharging alternator?
Run engine at 1,500 RPM
Load battery with carbon pile to 13 volts (26 volts)
Measure amps leaving generator
Should be at least 90% of rated capacity
![Page 11: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
What can cause the charging system to under-charge?
Loose fan belt
Low engine RPM
Excessive load requirements (add on accessories)
![Page 12: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
What can cause the charging system to under-charge?
Short driving trips
Defective generator
Defective voltage regulator
Defective wiring
![Page 13: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Understand the A/C Generator(Alternator)
Identify the following components Rotor Stator
Slip rings Brushes
Diodes or Rectifier
![Page 14: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Rotor, creates spinning magnetic field
![Page 15: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Stator, creates alternating current
![Page 16: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Slip Rings, allow field current into the rotor
![Page 17: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Brushes, allow field current into rotor
![Page 18: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
High tech brush installation tool
![Page 20: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Rotor (Field)
What does the Rotor do?
Creates a spinning magnetic field inside the A/C generator
![Page 23: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
How do you test the rotor?
Slip rings must be clean and smooth
Field windings must not be open circuit
Field windings must not be shorted to ground
![Page 26: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Clean slip rings
Burned slip rings
![Page 27: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
3.1 OL Good Rotor
![Page 28: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
OL 0.3 Bad Rotor
![Page 29: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Stator Windings
What does the Stator do?
Creates electrical power when a magnetic field is moved past it
Creates power to recharge battery and run electrical loads
![Page 30: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
What does the Stator do?
Creates an Alternating Current
![Page 31: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Voltage Trace for One Stator Winding
![Page 34: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Voltage Trace for Three Stator Windings
![Page 35: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
How do you test the Stator?
Test for open circuits in the windings
Test for grounded windings
Visually inspect for burning or overheated windings
![Page 36: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
0.3 0.3 OL
![Page 37: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
How does the A/C currentchange into D/C current
Diodes are used for Full Wave Rectification
Diodes are often called rectifiers
![Page 38: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
![Page 39: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
![Page 40: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Full Wave Rectification …... one stator winding
A/CD/C
![Page 41: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Full Wave Rectification …... one stator winding
A/CD/C
![Page 42: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Full Wave Rectification …... one stator winding
A/CD/C
![Page 43: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Full Wave Rectification …... three stator windings
![Page 44: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Actual voltage trace of each stator winding after full wave rectification
![Page 45: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
voltage trace on oscilloscope
(diode pattern)
![Page 46: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Stator
Rectifier (Diode pack)
![Page 47: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Positive Diode Heat-sink
Stator Wires
Voltage Regulator
Negative Diode Heat-sink
B+Main Charge
Terminal
![Page 48: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Positive Diodes
Negative DiodesStator windingsRotor (Field)
B+
![Page 49: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Test the electrical integrity of the diodes
Use an A/C voltmeter, or oscilloscope while the alternator is loaded
Turn on accessories, or put 40 amp draw on carbon pile
![Page 50: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Here is a normal diode pattern
![Page 51: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Here is a normal diode pattern
![Page 52: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Open diode pattern
![Page 53: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Shorted diode pattern
![Page 54: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Scope set for A/C voltage
Are these good or bad diodes?Practice and it gets easy to spot defective diode patterns!
![Page 55: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Practice with Diode Patterns• Different alternator diodes give slightly different
diode patterns
• If you look at many different alternator diode patterns you will learn to quickly spot bad diodes
• Defective diodes can cause many engine performance problems
• Do not forget to load the system
![Page 56: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
How can you increase the amperage coming out of the generator?
Increase engine RPM (This is limited to about 2500 RPM)
Increase the rotor’s magnetic field strength
Use a Delta stator winding
![Page 57: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Y stator = lower outputDelta stator = higher output
![Page 58: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
How does the voltage regulator control the A/C generator?
The regulator will turn on/off current to the field windings (rotor)
Increasing current to the rotor…
…will increase generator output
![Page 59: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
How does the voltage regulator control the A/C generator?
Regulators are wired to the Ground side of the Rotor in an A type circuit
and wired to the Battery side of the Rotor in a B type circuit
![Page 60: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
“A” circuit regulator
![Page 61: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
“A” circuit regulator
![Page 62: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
“B” circuit regulator
![Page 63: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
“B” circuit regulator
![Page 64: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Voltage regulators monitor
Voltage
Temperature
![Page 65: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
1 V
14 V
80 o F
![Page 66: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
2 V
15 V
80 o F
![Page 67: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
1 V
15 V
20 o F
Cold = higher volt drop across thermistor
![Page 68: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
2 V
16 V
20 o F
Cold = higher volt drop across thermistor
![Page 69: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Voltage should:increase when cold, decrease when hot.
![Page 70: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Explain how charging system indicators work Idiot light
![Page 71: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
![Page 72: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
![Page 73: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
![Page 74: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Explain how charging system indicators work Idiot light
Voltmeter Ammeter
![Page 75: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
![Page 76: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Diagnose Over/Under Charging
Insure there is no Voltage drop in wiring harness
Undercharge is bad alternator or regulator
Overcharge is bad regulator
IF there are no bad wires or connections
![Page 77: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Field is ONAlternator charging
![Page 78: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Field is OFFAlternator not charging
![Page 79: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Field is ONAlternator charging
Voltage too high causing Overcharge
Overcharge caused by volt drop in wires
![Page 80: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Field is ONAlternator charging
Voltage too high causing Overcharge
Overcharge caused by volt drop in groundOvercharge caused by
volt drop in groundRegulator only “sees”
14.5 volts
![Page 81: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Field is OFFAlternator not charging
Regulator “sees” alternator voltageVolt Drop in battery cables
will cause undercharging
![Page 82: Charging System Automobile](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062523/58f9a65f760da3da068b4f16/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Test the Charging System
• Test belts, battery condition and wiring to ensure trouble free power
• Test for Overcharging (with full charge on battery)
• Test for Undercharging
• Test for A/C voltage